Thiết kế chế tạo máy tách ruột chanh dây tự động0

NGHIEN CLfU-TRAOD6| TH\tT Kt CHe TAO MAY TACH RUOT CHANH DAY TLF DQNG DESIGH AND DEVELOPMENT AUTOMATIC PASSION JUICE EXTRACTOR PGS.TS Nguyin Tmdfng Thinh, Nguyin TrSn Thanh Phong, Lir Quoc Duy, Vo Hung Phat Tnrdng Dai hoc Su pham Ky thuat Thanh Ho Chi Minh TOM TAT Chanh ddy Id mot thiec phdm gidu chdt dinh duang vd co the ditng de ldm thuoc chiia ben Nhu cdu sir dung cdc sdn phdm chiet xudt tic chanh ddy tdng mgnh, do nhu cdu ve nhdn cong vd mdy mdc de sa che vd chiet xudt rdt cdn thiet Hien nay, co nhieu phucmg phdp de ldy ruqt trd chanh ddy nhung neu ldm thu cong thi ton rdt nhieu nhdn cong, diing mdy hien thi chua ddm bdo ve sinh an todn thttc phdm Bdi bdo ndy de cap den mot nguyen ly mai diing luc hiit chd khong de chiet xudt chanh ddy kit hap vcri he thong cdp lieu tu dong tgo thdnh mot he thong hod chinh CO ndng sudt cao, ddm hdo ve sinh an todn thvrc phdm vd chdt luang cua sdn phdm Ca s thiet ke dua tren cdc he thong ddn dong nen thich hap vdi he thong dieu khien moi trua cong nghiep Dua vdo cdc quy trinh bdo ddm an todn thuc phdm, nhom da thvrc hien nguyen ly tir ruot chanh ddy bdng ong hut de ddm vdo ruot roi hut mot thiing chita khodng thai gi ngdn, giiip rut ngdn duac quy trinh vd sire lao dong sdn xudt Tir kh6a: Chanh ddy; Chiet dich; Khi nen; Chih xuat; Cdp phoi tu dong ABSTRACT Passion fruit is a nutritious food that can be used to make medicines The demand for the extracts ofpassion fruit increases, so the need for labor and machinery to process and extract is essential Nowadays, there are many ways to get lemon, but if manual labor is used, you will not able to get the safely food This paper shows a new principle of vacuum extraction used to extra passion fruit m combination with an automatic feeding system to form a complete system with hig productivity, ensuring food safety and hygiene The design is based on pneumatic drive systems suitable for control systems in industrial environments Keywords: Passion fruit, automatic feeder, extract, pneumatic ISSN 0866-7056 M TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 1+2 nam 2019 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CU'U-TRAO OOl Bdng Kich thu&c qud chanh ddy lay ruot: G I O I T H I E U Chanh day cdn cd cac ten goi khac la day mat, chum bao trdng, chanh leo Hien nay, tren the gidi cd khoang 12 nude trdng chanh day vdi tdng dien tich khoang 4.500ha, h&u hdt d Nam My chidm (2/3 dien tich), phin cdn lai d Uc va khu vuc Nam A C) Viet Nam, giong chanh day vd tia duac nhap tir Dai Loan cd ten khoa hoc la Passiflora eduis, cd the xudng gidng bat cu thang nao nam Qua chanh day moe nhieu d cac vung nhiet ddi, dugc ua thich khdng chi vi huong vi ma cdn vi lgi ich cho sue khoe cua nd Qua chanh day tuoi giau beta carotene, kali va chat xo Nude ep qua chanh day la mdt ngudn tdt de cung cap acid ascorbic (vitamin C) va tdt cho nhirng ngudi cd benh huyet ap cao Mdt sd nghien cuu cho thay rang qua chanh day cd vd mau tim cd the giup kiem soat cac trieu chiing hen suyen Hau het cac chat dinh dudng cua trai chanh day tap trung d mgt chanh (ao hat) Chua nhieu Vitamin A, C, B2, B6 va cac chat khac tdt cho ca the va the lam thudc chiia nhieu loai benh Cd nhieu san pham tu ruot trai chanh day tren thi trudng De cd dugc ruot trai chanh de su dung gia dinh thi cd the dung phuang phap thu cdng la dung dao de cat ddi va lay ruot nhu Bang I STT Dai ngoai Lmm 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 72,0 75,5 69,0 64,5 72,5 74,0 73,5 68,2 68,2 62,5 59,8 56,2 55,0 52,8 53,0 47,0 Rong Dai _ Rong , , j^j ngoai Bl B mm mm mm 46,0 56,0 64,0 58,9 [ 37,5 60,0 60,4 47,3 52,0 53,7 ' 63,8 47,5 53,0 58,0 62,5 61,6 44,0 59,5 63,2 48,2 57,3 62,2 47,2 52,8 41,0 52,0 57,8 44,2 47,0 55,9 44,0 43,0 53,0 41,0 41,0 51,3 40,0 42,5 50,5 39,0 38,0 47,7 36,0 40,0 48,2 33,0 34,3 43,8 Thit day qua mm 10,7 6,6 8,2 4,8 8,8 7,5 7,5 8,4 5,9 4,5 5,2 5,3 4,4 6,1 5,4 Bdng Thdnh phdn cua dich chanh ddy: Thanh phan Ty le, % Nude dich qua 83,82 Acid hiiu ca (acid citric) 2,95 Dudng tdng 13,03 Vitamin C 0,032 Tro (dich qua) 0,477 Tro (ruot qua, ca hat) 0,669 Hinh I Tdch ruot chanh ddy thit cdng Neu mudn lay mdt chanh day de san xuat cac san pham ban tren thi trudng thi phuang phap thu cdng (Hinh I) khdng dugc su dung ma thay vao dd la cac may mdc de tang nang su4t Cac loai may tren thi tmdng hien cho nang suit khdng cao, ve sinh an toan thuc pham chua dugc thuc hien tdt va kich thudc ^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi C O KHi V I £ T NAM, Sd 1+2 nam www.cokhivietnam.vn 20I9| NGHIEN CU'U-TRAO OOl ldn Han niia gia cho mdi may hien kha cao nhung lai chua phuc vu day du yeu cau cua ngudi dan vi su dung Ca cau Cap phoi tudong THIET KE MAY CHIET XUAT CHANH DAY T U D O N G Co cau r6t dich Co cau thoat vo I I Be chua ruot chanh day Hinh Quy trinh chiet xudt Hinh Kich thu&c qud chanh ddy Trai chanh day hinh cau, bau due kich thudc 40-70 mm, mau tim sam, tu rung chin nhu hinh Vd trai mdng, cung, ngi qua bi mau tring Trai mang rat nhieu hot cd cam mem, phan dich chira nhieu acid dugc thu hoach Dua tren thdng ke kich thudc cua chanh day dua Bang 2, chung ta se thiet ke he thdng ca may chiet dich chanh day hi ddng gdm ca cau cap phdi tu dgng, ca cau chiet dich, ca cau thoat vd chanh day, be chiia mdt chanh day Toan bd he thdng chu yeu su dung ca cau xylanh nen, he thdng chiet dich su dung ngudn hut chan khdng De dam bao cdng suat 200kg/h, he thdng se su dung sau dau hut, sau dau hiit hoat ddng ddng thdi vdi de dam bao he thdng dap iing du cdng suat dat theo yeu cau Quy trinh dugc chia cac budc (hinh 3) gdm cap phdi tu ddng, ca cau chiet xuat, ca cau thoat vd - be chiia Ca ciu c4p phdi tir ddng can phai duoc hoat ddng mdt each dn dinh va tin cay, cd nghia la phai cung c4p mdt each kip thai, chinh xac vh vi tri khdng gian, du sd lugng theo nang suit yeu ciu cd tinh ddn lugng du hii va thu nhan san phim sau san xuit xong mot each an toan va chinh xac Qua trinh d p phoi hJ ddng cd nhung uu diem sau: Nang cao nang suit giam thdi gian phu, dam bao dugc nang suit gia cdng theo tinh toan vi nd dam bao duac chu ky d p phdi chinh xac, khdng bi anh hudng ddn cac ydu td ve khach quan nhu tinh trang tam ly va trang thai sue khde ctia ngudi; Dam bao chinh xac ga dat cao vi tmdc phdi ddn vi tri de d p cho may thi nd da duoc dinh hudng chinh xac khdng gian va diing tga theo yeu d u , ddng thdi tdc di chuyen cua phdi da dugc dieu chinh de phu hgp vdi ca ciu ga dat; Cai thien dugc dieu kien lam viec cho cdng nhan Ca d u nit mgt chanh day dugc xem Ja ca cau quan nhat cua may quyet dinh den nang suit cOng nhu hieu suat ma he thdng dem lai dugc D8 liy dugc mdt chanh day ta can xem xet phuang phap nao la tdi uu va hieu qua nhit giiip lam giam thdi gian va cdng siic, thay the dugc nhidu nhan cdng theo phuang phap ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 1+2 nam 2019 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CU'U-TRAO DOI lay bang tay tmyen thdng ca d u ep va nao chanh day lam anh hudng ddn chit lugng dich mgt sau tach vd vi hai phuang phap deu lam vd chanh day bi cat hoac bi bd nen dan den hien tugng chat, de loai bd hien tugng ta can phai nghien ciiu mdt phuang phap ma it tac ddng den phan vd nhung vin liy dugc dich mgt ngoai ma khdng can phai tach ddi qua chanh day De cd the lay dugc dich mdt chanh day ma it lam anh hudng den chat lugng dich ta se nghien cim phuang phap hiit dich mdt chanh day su dung ap suat nhu phuang phap sir dung may hiit chan khdng de hiit cac loai hat, thuc pham, dung dich ldng De hiit dugc dich chanh day khdi vd ma khdng phai d t chanh day lam hai ta se nghien ciiu phuang phap gidng nhu ca che lay nude diia dd la sir dung mdt dng kim loai ciing, sau dd dam thung qua vd trai dua va su dung may hiit hiit nude diia khdi vd Nhu da nghien ciiu va tim hieu cac loai may hut chan khdng d phan tren ta se chgn may hiit chan khdng lam may hiit dich chanh day ngoai vi loai may tao luu lugng hiit ldn, gia re, hiit nhanh ap suat tao du de hiit dugc dich chanh day ngoai, neu chgn loai may hiit kieu vdng nude va phun tia vdi ap suat tao ldn cd the hiit ca phan vd chanh day vao nen ta chgn may hut chan khdng canh quat cho ca cau nit mdt chanh day Nguyen ly cua ca cau dot Id va thoat phdi may chiet dich dugc md ta hinh Nhdm nghien ciiu da tien hanh thuc nghiem de tim hieu dac diem cua vd chanh day va cau tao lien ket cua phan ruot ben Td ket qua nghien ciiu dugc, nhdm nghien ciiu sir dung phuang phap dung ludi dao cat vd chanh day mdt lat mdng khoang tii 10 -12 mm tinh tir be mat ngoai vd hudng vao tam vd chanh day Trong khoang nay, thi dich mdt chanh day se khdng rai ngoai gay that thoat ldn Sau dd, dng hiit bang inox 304 cd dudng kinh phu hgp dugc dua vao ben de hiit lay phan dich mdt, dich mdt se di chuyen theo ludng vao ben binh chiia Khi dng hiit djch mdt chanh day choc thiing vd chanh day va may hiit hoat ddng sau de hiit djch mdt chanh day va chiing ta phai tinh toan luc hiit dii ldn luc lien kh ciia dich mdt va vd chanh day Bom hiit hiit ly tam dugc chgn (qua thuc nghiem) cd cdng suat va dung tich phii hgp de lam may hiit dich chanh day /y/// Hinh Ca cdu rut ruot chanh ddy Hinh Mdy chiet xudt chanh ddy: l)Thiing chua; 2)Mdng cdp; 3) Mdng nghien; 4) Ong hut; 5)6ng dot lo, 6) Thiing chua; 7) Mdng truat; 8) Mdng thodt vo THIET KE HE THONG DiEU KHIEN He thdng dieu khien cua may chu ygu la dieu khien he thdng cac valve nen d^ diSu khien boat ddng ciia xy lanh Hien nay, cd rit nhieu phuang phap de didu khidn tu nhu PLC^ ISSN 0866 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd I +2 nam 2019 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CU'U-TRAO OOl vi diau khiin, ro le Tuy nhien, vdi nhiiu uu diim, gia ca phai chang va phu hop kinh te thi ta chgn vi di§u khiin dl didu khidn cac hoat dgng cua he thdng Sa dd di§u khiin cua he thdng dugc hrinh bay Hinh FEEDER T H i r c NGHIEM VA DANH GIA May chidt xuat dich chanh day dupe chi tao hoan chinh - hinh 8, may cd chiic nang d p lieu tu ddng, chiet djch chiia binh chinh May dugc tien hanh thuc nghiem cac chiic nang boat ddng: C i p heu, hiit dich, thai vd Hinh la vd chanh day sau dugc hiit L—J CONIROIIER i—J EXTTWCTOR Hinh Sa diiu khiin Hinh la so dd didu khien cua he thdng, ngudi van hanh tac ddng cac che dieu khien qua panel didu khien, hoat ddng, vi dieu khiin se xuit tin hieu dieu khien kich cac van dao chieu dieu khien cac co cau chap hanh theo chu ky hoat ddng fren hinh Xylanhl Xylanh \vlaih3 :x\ i • • ; 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Vau hut Van hill a^"""^;fl V a hid : Vat hill n rj-] i l l ! M 1 i 11 M : II, Vaaliut6 Xv lanh :.! M - M Hinh Trdi chanh ddy sau tdch ruot •' \A Hinh Sa bu&c cua xy lanh Sau qua trinh nghien ciru va thu nghiem cac nguyen li hiit hien cd h-en thi tmdng thi nhdm chgn nguyen li may hiit chan khdng (dang may hiit bui) cd luu lugng hiit ldn, luc hiit manh, phu hgp vdi thiit k i ciia may Theo dung quy trinh dugc tinh toan va thiet ke thi sau mdi lin mang cap trai chanh day ket thiic mdt chu ky len xudng thi se cap cho lan lugt mdi mang dan mgt trai chanh day va ca cau hiit bit diu tiin vao va hiit Nhung frong mudi lan thuc nghiem cua may cho cac I6i d ca cau cap lieu va ca d u hiit Ket qua mudi lan thuc nghiem dugc thdng ke bang ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 1+2 nam 2019 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CU'U-TRAO001 Bang Kit qud thuc nghiem: So Ian I Cff cau cap phoi | Cff ciu hiit (PLC) Gia cd ca cau cap phdi va tang nang suat ca cau hiit bang each tang cdng suat may hiit Ruot chanh day sau dugc hiit vao thiing chiia dam bao ve sinh va cd the nghien cuu he thdng dinh lugng va ddng gdi tu ddng.'l* Ngay nhan bai: 08/01/2019 Ngay phan bien: 18/02/2019 Tai lieu tham Idiao: KET LUAN Sau thdi gian nghien ciiu va che tao, nhdm nghien ciiu da che tao cdng may chiet xuat dich chanh day tu ddng May hoat dgng dn dinh, phii hgp vdi yeu cau san xuat ldn De may cd the boat dgng dn dinh lau dai va thuan tien cho qua trinh bao tri bao dudng, cd the nang cap mdt sd thiet bi nhu bg dieu khien []] Nguyen Phuong Ngoc - Nguyen Tmdng Thinh, "Hi thdng diiu khiin tu dpng nen", NXB Khoa hpc va ky thuat [2] Trudng Dai hpc Bach Khoa Da Nang, Ly thuyet "Diiu khiin tu dpng" [3] Ths Chau Manh Luc, Pham Van Song,'Trangbi cdng nghe vd cdp phoi tu dpng'\ nam 2003 [4] Ho Viet Binh, "Tu dgng hoa qua trinh san xuit", nam 2004 [5] Ogola Zadock Oleche, Design Of A Modified Hand Operated Pineapple Juice Extraction Machine, University Of Nairobi School Of Engineering - 2010 ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, So 1+2 nam 2019 www.cokhivietnam.vn ... Bdng Kich thu&c qud chanh ddy lay ruot: G I O I T H I E U Chanh day cdn cd cac ten goi khac la day mat, chum bao trdng, chanh leo Hien nay, tren the gidi cd khoang 12 nude trdng chanh day vdi tdng... THIET KE MAY CHIET XUAT CHANH DAY T U D O N G Co cau r6t dich Co cau thoat vo I I Be chua ruot chanh day Hinh Quy trinh chiet xudt Hinh Kich thu&c qud chanh ddy Trai chanh day hinh cau, bau due... thudc cua chanh day dua Bang 2, chung ta se thiet ke he thdng ca may chiet dich chanh day hi ddng gdm ca cau cap phdi tu dgng, ca cau chiet dich, ca cau thoat vd chanh day, be chiia mdt chanh day