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NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO DOI XAY DL/NG CO s TOAN HOC VA D A M BAO T H C N G T I N CHO QUAN LY KY THUAT M A Y T A U THUY 'PGS TSKH D6 Dfle Lflu, ^ThS Pham Duy Suy 'Trfldng khoa Co khi, Trfldng Dai hpc Hai Phdng ^Cdng ty Nao vet Dfldng bien Khai thdc ky thudt mdy tdu thuy nen kinh te thi trUdng dinh hUdng xd hgi chu nghia, hgi nhdp qudc te vd phdt trien manh me cua khoa hgc cdng nghi ddi hdi cdn xdy dUng mdt cd sd dU lieu day dil vd khoa hgc cho bg phdn mdy tdu vdi Ung dung cdng nghi thdng tin vd truyen thdng vdo qudn ly ky thudt hieu qud nhdt cdc thiit bi mdy tdu thuy Bdi bdo dUa md hinh nguyen ly qudn ly ky thudt mdy tdu thuy Ket qud phdn tich chi ngudn thong tin rdt ldn cho qudn ly ky thudt mdy tdu ihuy bdng dao dgng dm Dieu se dinh hUdng cho viec nghien cUu, xdy dUng cdc phUdngphdp vd thiet bi do, kiem tra, gidm sdt vd chdn dodn ky thudt hdu het cdc mdy vd thiit bi tdu thiiy bdng dao dgng am dieu kiin ciia Viet Nam Cdc tdc gid bdi bdo dd dUa cdc hdi todn vd nguyin ly toi Uu cho qudn ly ky thuat mdy tdu thuy, la cdc vdn de vi: lUa chgn tdi Uu vec td ddu hieu chdn dodn, xdy dung ddc tinh chudn, quyet dinh nhdn dang ldp trang thdi ky thudt, vd bdi todn dU bdo ABSTRACT In the market economy with the socialist orientation, world-wide integrations and rapid science and technology's development the technical operation of the marine engines demands to construct the full and scientific data base of the marine engines for applying communication and information technologies to their technical manage effectively In the publication, the authors construct and investigate the model for technical management of the marine engines According to the result analysis of the different information sources for monitoring and diagnosing the technical states of the marine engines, there are very informative signals Therefore, in the future in VietNam conditions, there are mainly vibro-acoustic methods and.systems of technical state's monitoring and diagnostics for the marine engines The authors also create some problems and optimal principles related with the technical management of the marine engines: optimal selection of the vector of diagnostic signs; creation of the standard characteristics for diagnosing, making decision of technical state's identification and the forecast problem TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM •t* Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO 9dl TONG QUAN CHUNG VE VAN DE NGHlfiN md hinh qudn If trln hinh ve Trong sd dd nguyen ly ndy, ehung ta thay rang, ca sd dfl li|u chudn X =1X|, Xj, X^J dflpc xay dflng trln ccf Qudn ly ky thudt may tdu thuy Id mpt sd ylu cau ky thudt eua hang sdn xudt (hd sa ky qud trinh cfla ngfldi lanh dao, qudn Iy cung nhfl thuat) vd ede nghiin cflu thflc nghipm bd sung nhflng ngfldi trflc tilp xdy dflng ke hoach, dilu ki|n sdn xudt thflc tai cua thilt bi ky quylt dinh, td chfle thflc hi^n cdc nhi^m vu v^n thu|t trln tdu Mdi thilt bj trln tdu cd mpt ma hanh, bao dfldng vd sfla ehfla dl tri trang trdn ca sd dfl lilu X, (CSDL, i=l,2, , n_) Trong thilt bi ky thudt ludn cd trang thdi ky thuat theo qud trinh xdy dflng CSDL chuIn cung nhfl CSDL ylu cau, dam bdo dflpc cdc tilu chi, tilu chudn ddt thflc tai, ludn tinh din cdc nhilu tac dpng W ddi vdi bp phdn mdy tdu thuy Nhfl vay, = [W , W , W (sdng, gid, dilu kipn hdu, qudn ly ky thudt du thflc hi|n bat ky nhi|m vp tdc dpng xd hpi, ) Quy ludt qudn ly ky thudt nao, d bat ky vi tri edng tdc ndo eung dlu tuan dflpc xdy dflng trln ca sd tdi flu hda philm hdm: thu nguyin tac kilm tra, theo ddi, danh gia trang thai ky thudt hi|n hdnh cua ddi tflpng rdi mdi J(X,Z,W)=> optimality (1) xdy dflng kl hoach, quylt dinh thflc hi|n vd td chfle thflc hi|n Mudn thflc hien cd hi|u qud dd, dfl lieu Z =1Z1, Z2, Znzl dflpc cac nhiem vu trln, ngodi kinh nghiem cua bdn dilu khien cho philm hdm (1) dat tdiflu(cfle than cdc chuyin gia ky thudt, can cd mdt ca sd d?i hay cxlc tieu) theo yeu eau ky thuat dfl lieu kiem d trang thdi hien tai, thu dflpc tfl he thdng cdc trang thilt bi kilm mdy tdu Vi du: Trong van hanh diesel tau thuy hdm tdi Uu thuy, dl so sdnh vdi ca sd dfl lieu chuan (da dflpc nghien cflu va xay dflng trfldc day) Nhfl vay, he la ham Iflpng nhiin lieu tilu thu hay suat tieu hao thdng CO sd dfl lieu ky thudt cho may tau thuy du nhiin Heu la thap nhat, trang thai flng suat ca vd ehi eho mdt mdy hoac thilt bi (diesel mdy ehinh nhiet nam gid tri cho phep, cdn khai lai chdn vit, diesel lai mdy phdt, tuabin - tang dp, thdc he ddng lflc chinh diesel tau thuy lai chdn ndi hoi, bom Idm mdt, bOm ddu nhdn, ) dlu Id vit - ham tdi flu cho tinh an toan cua he dpng khdi Iflpng eo sd dfl lieu dd so da chieu, can dflpc lflc, cdn tinh kinh tl chung cua chuyen hang (van xdy dflng vd td chfle quan ly cho chung du tdc khai thdc chung cho chuyen hanh trinh, ) Id vl sd Iflpng (tdi flu, vdi Iflpng cac thdng sd ho^c cflc dai dau hieu thu dflpc la nhd nhat), ddm bdo vl chat Trang thdi ky thudt cua may tau thuy ludn Iflpng (dam bao dp sdu va chinh xdc) de ta dflpc quylt dinh ky thudt ehuan xdc nhat Trong dilu thay ddi theo thdi gian khai thdc va cdc dilu kien kiln khoa hpe ky thuat vd edng nghe hien nay, hoat dpng cfla nd Mudn qudn ly tdt tr^g thai ky trln ca sd todn hpc va dam bdo thdng tin ky thudt thudt (TTKT) eua ehung, can phdi ed thdng tin vl can thiet ve may tau thuy md nhilm vu xuyln sudt ehung Vay bai todn dat d day Id ta can thdng tm can thflc hien, ede ehuyln gia cdng nghe thdng tin gi, bang cdeh ndo ta cd dflpc, xfl Iy thdng tin thu vd truyin thdng se hpp tdc cflng chung ta - nhflng dflpc nhfl thi nao vd eudi eung Id ta dung thdng chuyen gia chuyin nganh de xay dflng h | thdng tin da dflpc xfl Iy dl dfla quyet dinh vd hdnh cac phan mim qudn Iy ky thuat tflOng flng Mpt dpng thflc hien sao? Xet theo hinh thfle ngdn sd it cde san pham edng nghe Ilnh vflc ngfl, dfldng nhfl ddy la bai toan quan ly gidng nhU qudn Iy ky thuat diesel tau biln la phan mim va cdc bdi todn qudn ly xa hdi, quan ly nhan siJ? Ve he thdng do, kiem tra chan doan CoCoS eua hang nhipm vu chung eua qudn ly ky thudt eung gidi^ ddng CO diesel MAN -B&W eae bai todn quan Iy khac, song ndi dung va hinh thfle hoan todn khac Ky thuat can phdi chinh xac, De lam rd hon chfle nang, nhilm vu cua cu the, vi ddi vdi tat cd cdng vile dlu can biiu diln quan ly ky thudt may tdu thuy, cdc tdc gid dfla dfldi dang sd Iflpng, hoac neu chi it eung dinh cCu TAP CHi CO KHi VlfiT NAM •!• Sd (Thang nam 20121 NGHIEN Cflu-TRAODOI dang dflpc chat Iflpng cua mpt sd thdng so can kiem tra dil'u khien, ma khdng mang tinh chung chung Dieu dac bilt quan la cdc thdng so hay cac qua trinh ky thuat d ddy diln rat nhanh, thdm chi tflng gidy, khdng nhfl cdc qud trinh kinh tl, xa hdi De cd dflpc cde CSDL (ehuan X =[X„X, X 1, hiin hanh Y = [ Y „ Y , Y ]) ta can xdy dflng he thong cde thilt bi do, gidm sdt va chan dodn Nhfl vdy, mdt sd cdc bai todn eO ban can nghiin cflu qud trinh xdy dflng co sd todn hpc vd dam bdo thdng tin cho qudn Iy ky thudt may tdu thuy nhfl sau: a Nghiin cflu nhdm cdc ddi tflpng mdy tdu thfly de xay dflng md hinh cdc thilt bi kilm tdi flu phuc vu cdng tac quan ly ky thuat HE T H N G DO KIEM TRONG QUAN LY K ? THUAT M A Y T A U THUY Nhd c h l tao ddng eO, thilt bi thfldng dfla khuyen cao hoac cung cap cac thilt bi tdi thieu d l khai thac tflng mdy tau thuy cu thi, chflng thfldng dflpc ldp ddt san trln tflng may hoac cd cdc hop thilt bi sdeh tay Tuy nhien, nhilu nguyen nhdn khdc tren tdu thuy npi dia cung nhfl nhilu tau van tdi biln sd Iflpng cae thiet bi kilm toi thilu hoac khdng ed, hoac bi hfl hdng Ngflpc lai, trln mpt sd tdu dpi ngu sy quan mdy sfl dung van hdnh hit cdng ndng cua chung Chung ta se khao sdt vd xay dflng danh muc eae thilt bi kilm tra truyin thong eung nhfl mdt sd h i thdng hien dai d l ndng cao chat Iflpng qudn ly ky thudt mdy tau thuy Trln bang 1, cdc tdc gia dfla danh mue eac thiet bi kilm cho may tdu thuy, gdm mdt so mdy rd to (bom Iy tdm, bom true vit, bom bdnh rang, tuabin tang ap, hop sd, may Ipc dau FO, mdy Ipc dau DO, mdy phdt diln, quat, chdn vit) vd mdy c Tdi flu hda he ca sd dfl lieu cho tflng mdy va eho piston (ddng eo diesel - may chinh, may den, may cac nhdm mdy he ddng lflc tau thuy phdt sfl ed, mdy nen dang piston, bom ehuyln dau dang piston) eung nhfl ede thiet bi nang Iflpng d Xdy dflng quy ludt quan Iy ky thudt eho tflng khde trln tdu (ndi hoi, he thdng dfldng dng may cdc he thdng phuc vu) b Nghiin cflu tflng may tdu thuy d l xdy dflng eo s6 dfl lieu ehuan cho qudn Iy ky thuat may tdu thuy e Xay dflng he thdng thilt bi do, kilm tra, gidm sat, chdn dodn vd dilu khien trang thdi ky thudt may tau thuy f Nghiin cflu xdy dflng cdc thuat toan qudn Iy ky that (giam sdt, dfl bao, chan dodn, dilu khiln) cdc may tau thuy g Xay dflng cde phan m i m quan ly ky thudt va danh gid hilu qua kinh t l - ky thudt cua he thong phdn mim xdy dflng Ddy Id mdt bai todn tdng the rat Idn, can chia nhd de gidi quyet cho tflng mdy eu the, thdm chi cho tflng nhilm vu, bdi todn cu thi, vi du bdi todn chan doan, bdi toan dfl bao, Ddi vdi quan ly ky thudt diesel tdu thuy bang dao ddng dm thanh, tdc gia edng trinh nghiin cflu [ ] dd chi khd nang thdng tin cua cae tin hilu dao ddng sau ddy: -Tin hilu ddng bd hda - gdc quay true khuyu xet theo xy lanh sd 1; -Ap suat chay budng ddt eua xy lanh chan dodn; -Dao ddng cua vdi phun (gia tdc, chuyen vi) flng vdi xy lanh chan dodn; -Dao dpng eua bom eao dp (gia tde); -Dao ddng van tdc quay true khuyu; -Dao ddng (gia tdc) tai hpp truyin ddng; -Dao dpng (gia tdc) tai than mdy cua cdc bom lai tfl ddng eO TAP CHI CO KHi VlfiT NAM • Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN Cflu-TRAODCI Ddi vdi qudn ly ky thudt ede may rd to TTKT tflOng lai Viec gidi cdc bdi toan tren tdu thuy bang dao ddng am thanh, ede edng trinh dlu xuat phat tren ca sd toan hpc cua Iy thuylt nghiin eflu [1, 2, 3] da chi khd ndng thdng tin tdi flu vd phflong phdp chan dodn, nhan dang [1] cfla cdc tin hilu dao dpng sau day: Mdi mpt ldp TTKT D^,k=I,2, ,Rdac -Tin hilu ddng bp hda - gdc quay tryc rd to (ddnh trflng bdi dau pha ban dau); -Dao dpng (gia tdc, xung va dap) gdi dd vdng bi D, ^ ( M k ' K : k ' ^ k ) k = l , , , R , (2) vd b | may; -Dao dpng (ehuyln vi tflOng ddi, xung va dap) dd n^ - sd Iflpng cdc quan sdt lap cua cd trpc vd bae goi dd trflpt; D^ Idp TTKT -Dao dpng (gia tdc, xung va dap) gdi dd vd b | may ddi vdi sai sd banh rdng, sai sd can chinh cdc true rd to MicGid trj dac tinh trung binh cua ldp D,^ , Phdn tich kit qud thdng kl d bdng eung nhfl kinh nghiem cua cdc chuyin gia nghiin cflu dao ddng, dm may tau thuy [I, 2, 3], chung tdi rut nhdn dinh: dao ddng, am Id nhflng thdng tin manh dung dl gidm sdt va chan dodn trang thdi ky thudt cho mdy tdu thuy, can xay dflng he thdng do, phdn tich dao dpng phu hpp nham ndng eao hilu qud qudn Iy ky thudt he ddng lflc tdu thuy Ngodi ra, nhflng thdng tin thu dflpc tfl mpt sd thilt bi truyen thdng cd the sfl dung dl trflc tiep khai thdc van hanh hode sfl dung trfldc sfla ehfla, bao dfldng chung K,^ Dp phdn tdn xung quanh gia tri tam ( ^j^) eua ldp TTKT dang xet Khoang each Mahalanobis gifla hai Idp A, B M'=01A-MB)^K^&'A-MB): « - Xdc dinh vec td thdng tin toi Uu V (vector of optim signs) Tap hpp ban dau gdm q cac thdng tin, dau hilu chan dodn Chung ta can Ifla ehon ehi ed p (p < q) dau hieu ed dfl kha nang nhdn dang cde Idp TTKT Tap cac dau hilu ndy nlu khdng cd du kha nang, dd, ta can nghien cflu bd sung thim mot hay mpt sd cac dau hi|u khde vd tiep tuc kilm tra Trln CO sd phan tich tinh da dung cua he kha nang nhan dang cdc ldp TTKT ndy thdng do, phdn tich dao ddng, edng trinh [1] dd dfla so dd nguyin ly hi thdng do, gidm sdt vd chan doan trang thdi ky thudt cua diesel tau thuy Vie to V can thda man dieu kiln tdiflusau ddy: nhfl da nlu trln, ddng thdi he thong ndy cung ddp flng dflpc eho ede may rd to tdu thuy M.=(^.,-^.)TK-'(,^,-^.)>p^, TOI iTU HOA T H O N G T I N TRONG CAC Vi;^j;i,j=UR (4) BAI T O A N QUAN LV KY T H U A T (!J P^|_^^ - Gia tri chpn trUcfc gicli han Trln ca sd phan tich tflng doi tflpng qudn ly ehung ta xdc dinh dflpc ldp trang thdi ky thudt (ldp TTKT) khdng hfl hdng, ldp TTKT ed hfl hdng ddc trflng Chung ta can giai cde bdi todn tdi flu tilp theo: xde dinh vec to thdng tin tdi flu (dau hieu chan doan) dung de xay dflng dflpc CSDL chuan eho tflng Idp TTKT; xdy dflng CSDL chudn; quyet dinh xac dinh Idp TTKT hien dang quan sdt thupc mpt cac Idp TTKT chuan; dfl bao TAP CHi CO KHf VlfiT NAM - Xdy dttng CSDL chudn cho tiing ldp TTKT cita ddi tUdng qudn ly ky thudt Vic to g6m cac dau hi$u t6i Uu: V = [V,, VJ ,V, V_], vift dudi d ^ g djc tinh, phUdng trinh (2) cho tUng l Z^Zi,Z^, Z.J Eft lieu dieu khien W^[Wi,W2, W„ Nhieu •I Y=lYi,Y2, Y.j] CSDL - hien hanh QUAN L Y K Y THUAT MAY TAU THUY LUAT QUAN LY: :0 J(X,Z^W)=> optimallity • Giam sat (Monitoring) • Clian doan (Diagnosing) • Bieu Icliien (dieu cliinh, liieu cliinli, sua c h u a , ^ Hinh So dd nguyen ly quan iy ky thuat may tdu thuy TAP C H l C O KHi VlfiT NAM • S6 (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO Odi I Danh muc thift bi ki«m h? thfing dpng liic tdu thuy STT May, thiet b| tdu thiiy Diesel M/E Diesel-MP Thdng sd kii'm tra Thilt hi truyin thdng I h i l t bi hien dai Pi -meter Thilt bj dd Bp dien tfl dd thflc cdng khai trien thflc cdng khai trien Bp d i | n tfl n Taxometer P, P,.|bar] n, rpm Nhi|t dp xd, Cdc thilt b) do, hien thi t^i nfldc ldm mdt, ddu mdy vd tai trung tdm dilu khiln Thilt bj bao ddng bdi trdn, Ap suat xd, nfldc Cdc thilt bi do, hiin thi t^i ldm mat, ddu bdi mdy vd t^i trung tdm dilu khiln Thilt bi bdo dpng tron, Dp nhdt nhien li|u Thilt bi dp nhdt Lflpng nhiin tieu thu May Rd to tau thuy li|u Thilt bi Ifldng nhiin li|u tieu thu (lflu Iflpng ke) Kieh thfldc hinh Cac bp do, kilm tra hinh hpc; Kilm tra chat hpc, thfl kin, cd trln tdu Iflpng trfldc sau sfla ehfla Cdc bp dien tfl kilm tra, chdn dodn dung chung khai thde va bdo dfldng sfla ehfla Dao ddng, dm He thdng diln tfl dao dpng dm Phdn tich dau nhdn, khixd He thdng dien tfl phdn tieh LO, xd Ap suat edng chat Thiet bj vd hien thi dat dau: vao / trln may va hien thi t ^ trung tdm dilu khiln Thilt TDJ bdo dpng Lflu Iflpng edng chat Thilt bi va hien thi dat trln may vd hien thi tai trung tam dieu khiln Dao ddng, am Thilt bi khdc Lflu Iflpng Thilt bi vd hien thi ddt trln mdy va hien thi tai trung tdm dilu khien Ap suat TAP CHt CO KHI VIET NAM He thdng dien tfl dao dpng am V S6 (Thang a j m i f l B ^ H | thdng dien tfl dao ddng dm xdc dinh trang thai ... - ham tdi flu cho tinh an toan cua he dpng khdi Iflpng eo sd dfl lieu dd so da chieu, can dflpc lflc, cdn tinh kinh tl chung cua chuyen hang (van xdy dflng vd td chfle quan ly cho chung du tdc... lUpng thong tin can thiet cho qua trinh quan ly ky thu|it, ket qua phan tich da chi viec nghien ciiu xay dUng va iing dung mpt to hpp luc(ng dao dpng am cho may tJu thuy, dudi dang Mp dat tinh tai... eflu [1, 2, 3] da chi khd ndng thdng tin tdi flu vd phflong phdp chan dodn, nhan dang [1] cfla cdc tin hilu dao dpng sau day: Mdi mpt ldp TTKT D^,k=I,2, ,Rdac -Tin hilu ddng bp hda - gdc quay tryc
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