Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của mạch carbon trong biođiesel và tỷ lệ phối trộn giữa biodiesel diesel dầu mỏ lên khí thải của động cơ máy phát điện sử dụng biodiesel

Tiiu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 NGHIEN c t r u ANH HlTOiNG CUA MACH CARBON TRONG BIODIESEL VA TY LE PHOI TRON GltTA BIODIESEL/DIESEL D A U MO LEN KHI THAI CUA DONG CO MAY PHAT DIEN StT DUNG BIODIESEL H6 Son Lam, Tran Ngoc Thing, Huynh Thanh Cdng, Chau Thanh Phu-ong, Nguyen Thi Thu Thao Vien Khoa hgc vat lieu iing dung So 1, Mac DTnh Chi, Quan Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh Email: sonlamho05(a),gmail.com Tom tat: Bdo cdo ndy gioi thiiu nhirng kit qud nghien cicu thdi cua ddng ca mdy phdt diin sie dung nhiin lieu diesel ddu mdphdi trdn voi ddu diesel sinh hoc (biodiesel) theo cdc ty li: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% vd 20% B-100 Cdc kit qud cho^ thdy B-100 Vien KHVLUD sdn xudt a qui md pilot lOOkg/ngdy cd thi phdi trdn tdt d cdc ty li ndi trin, ddc biet, a mite 10-15% Id tdt nhdt Nhin chung tdt cd cdc mdu phdi trdn, hdm lugng NOx thdi gidm niu mgch cacbon ddu diesel sinh hoc cd ty li 40%) C14-C16 vd 60% C18-C20 Trong trudng hgp mgch cacbon C14-C16 chiim 65% vd C18-C20 chiim 35%, hdm lugng hydrocacbon (HC) thdi tdng lin Cdc kit qud khdo sdt chi ldm viec cita ddng ca sit dung 10% biodiesel cdng cho thdy ddi cita mgch cacbon biodiesel dnh huong din thdi: Khi ddng co ldm viec khdng tdi, mgch cacbon biodiesel khdng nhieng ldm tdng cdc chdt ddc hgi thdi md cdn ldm cho hdm lugng CO, NO, NOx tdng cao hon so vtyi diesel ddu md Khi ddng CO ldm viec cd tdi, mgch cacbon biodiesel khdng nhirng khdng dnh huong xdu din thdi, md cdn ldm gidm ddng ke nhiing chdt ddc hgi nhu CO, NO, NOx so vdi diesel ddu md Abstract: This paper describes recent development on investigation of exhaust gas emission of diesel engine (electric generator) using petroleum diesel blended bio-diesel The engine was tested on a series of diesel fuels blended with five additive levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% ofbio-dieselB-100 by volume) Results of B-100 produced by technology oflAMS on pilot lOOkg/day, can be blending all ratio from 5% to 20% with petroleum diesel and good ratio are 1015% Generally speaking, all blendings samble, results of tests on engine of electric generator show that NOx in exhaust gas emission reduce when the the length circuit carbon content in biodiesel from 40% ofC14- C16 and 60% ofC18C20, compared to the biodiesel content 10% of C14-C16 and 90% ofC18- C20, however have increase ofHC Samples 10% B-100 blended with petroleum diesel to start electric generator was studying The results of study showed, that, the length of circud carbon of biodiesel and working regulation of electric generator influenced on exhaust gas emission 400 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Viin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010 While generator work without loading capacity, the length of circuit ocarbon in biodiesel was not only increased toxic gas on exhaust gas emission, but also constituted high toxic gas as CO, NO, NOx,, compared with petroleum diesel While generator worked with loading capacity, the length of circuit carbon in biodiesel not only doesn 't inffluenced on exhaust gas emission, but also reduced toxic gas as CO, NO, NOx, compared with petroleum diesel DAT VAN DE Trong san xuat va sir dung biodiesel, hai van de quan trgng ludn dugc dat song song, la ngudn nguyen lieu nao cho san xuat va ty le phdi trdn bao nbieu thi dugc xem la tdi uu Tren the gidi, d nhiing nude da san xuat va sir dung biodiesel tren 20 nam, vin chua cd ldi giai chinh thiic cho van de dat tren day Qua gan 20 nam sir dung diesel sinh hgc (biodiesel), ngudi ta da cd each nhin nguyen lieu cang cdi md hon Tmdc day, cac nude sir dung biodiesel d chau Au, chi sir dung dau rape (cai dau) lam nguyen lieu vdi each ggi quen thudc la RME, hay sir dung dau cg (PALME), dau hudng duong( SME) , sau nay, danh tir thudng xuyen gap la FAME, cd nghTa la metyl este cua cac axit beo Dieu chiing td rang, nguyen lieu da khdng bi gidi ban bdi cac loai dau beo Nhu vay, nhiing loai cay cho dau beo cd mach cacbon thap nhu dau dira, dau cg (C12-C16) hay cac loai dau cd mach cacbon cao nhu cai dau, Jatropha (C18-C22) deu sir dung dugc va khdng cd sir gidi ban hay qui dinh cu the nao Ve phan phdi trdn (blending) ciing rat da dang Sudt 20 nam ma Chau Au chi cho phdi trdn 5% B-100 vao diesel thuong pham, Nhat, Han qudc, My cd the la 5-20" u Cd tmdng hgp sir dung 30%) Tren the gidi ciing da cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien ciiu anh hudng cua biodiesel len thai Tuy nhien, cu the tirng loai B-100 cd mach cacbon khac thi chua cd O Viet nam, chiing tdi da cdng bd 02 bai bao ve cac van de tren Trong bai nay, chiing tdi thuc hien tren mau biodiesel vdi ham lugng cac mach cacbon each xa tren mdt ddi tugng nhat la sir dung cho may phat dien chay dau diesel, cd va khdng cd tai trgng P H A N THirC NGHIEM 2.1 Pha mau Kit qua phan tich phin hda hgc cua cac miu va tdng hop lai theo sd cac bon mach dau beo (khdng tinh gdc methyl) nhu sau: Bdng 2.1: Thdnh phdn vd hdm lugng mgch cacbon cdc mdu biodiesel Mach Bio-lC Bio-2A Cg - Ci6 65% 10% Ci8 -C20 35% 90% 401 ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 Tiiu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng 2.2 Xac djnh chi so hoa ly cua mau: Bdng 2.2: Chi sd Hda ly cua cdc mdu: Miu Ty trgng nao Bio-lC 0,8715 1,434515 3,5318 Bio-2A 0,8750 1,449552 5,6077 TjCSt/s) 2.3 He thong cac thiet bi tao thai va phan tich nong thai: Bao gdm may phat dien ddng co diesel va cac thiet bi NO/NOx; CO, CO2, N2O Cac thiet bi dugc ghep song song vay cd the phan tich ddng thdi NO, NOx, NO2, N2O, CO, CO2 va ket qua dugc hien tren man hinh vi tinh dudi dang cac dudng + Mdy phdn tich NO vd NOx- Chemiluminescence CLD 700 AL, hang ECO PHYSICS -I- Mdy phdn tich CO2, CO, N2O: Ultramat 6E, nha san xuat: Siemens -I- Mdy phdt diin ddng ca diesel: Cac mau dugc chay bang may phat dien ddng co diesel ST 180: Cdng suat: 5,96 kw; Tdc tdi da: 2600 vdng/phiit; San xuat tai Tmng Quoc - 2005 theo tieu chuan TC 02 - 2002 ddng co diesel -(- Phuang phdp vd chi ldm viec cua ddng ca: Phuong phap do: Cac mau biodiesel da chuan bi (BIO-1 C, BI0-2A) cd ham lugng cac mach hydrocacbon nhu da gidi thieu d tren, dugc trdn vdi diesel dau md theo ty le (0% 20 % biodiesel) O dau thai ciia ddng co, dugc gan vdi bd phan hiit cua thiet bi phan tich Cho ddng co lam viec khoan 30 phiit sau dd, bat may hiit va cho thai true tiep vao may Khi lugng thai da dn dinh, tien hanh phan tich khoang 15 phiit - Ket thiic mau, dau dugc thao khdi ddng co, thay mau nhien lieu mdi - May dugc rira bang khdng cho den dn dinh trd lai, mdi tiep tuc mau tiep theo Che dd lam viec cua ddng co: Ddng CO phat dien dugc lam viec theo hai che do: - Khdng tai (May nd nhung khdng sir dung dien may phat ra) - Cd tai (May nd thip sang 04 bdng den 500W= 2000w) KET QUA VA B A N LUAN 3.1 Khao sat thai cua dong co lam viec co tai va khong co tai trong: - Trudng hap dgng ca khong sir dung biodiesel: Khi ddng co lam viec khdng kem theo tai trgng ham lugng cac chit dgc hai thai tang cao (Load of), ngugc lai, bit dau cd tai trgng, ngoai trir ham lugng CO tang, cac chit khac nhu Nox, NO giam xudng Hien tugng cho thay ddng co lam viec cd tai trgng, lugng khdng vao nhieu ban nen phan ung chay chiem vai trd chu dao, ciing vi vay ham 402 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Viin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010 lugng CO tang cao, cac chit khac giam Ci tmdng hgp ddng co lam viec khong tai trong, lugng khdng vao budng ddt it nen qua trinh chay khong hoan toan ma cbii yeu la phan ling oxi hda Tir dd, ham lugng CO giam( chay khdng hoan toan) cdn cac chit khac nhu NO, NOx lai tang cao., nhu dd thi hinh va hinh dudi day: DIESEL (LOAD ON) 6X 550 500 450 _ 400 DIESEL (LOAD OF) 500 450 ^i,/ih^^*ff'^^^ 400 350 -NOx I 350 300 -NO Q — 300 o 250 u 200 -N02 ' 250 -CO 200 I TV 150 „NOx 150 -ffnr 100 U x~iv.-;j^t^- ^^-'^i??^ ftf^iT*atmxm-lrtH'1>e^.m:* 11.'.'* f 50 S S S S S S time Hinh 1: Khi thdi cua ddng co sie dung 100% ddu diesel cd tdi Hinh 2: Khi thdi cita ddng ca sie dung 100% ddu diesel khdng cd tdi - Trudng hap cd su tham gia cda biodiesel: Khi cd sir tham gia cua biodiesel d ham lugng 10%) ( sir dung BIO-IC, cd mach cacbon khong dai qua , C14-C16 chiem 65% va C18-C20 chiem 35%o) hien tugng thai phu thudc vao tinh trang lam viec cua ddng co van xay nhu hinh 3,4 sau day.Trong tmdng hgp nay, ham lugng CO tang cao hon so vdi 100%) diesel, cho thay vdi 10% biodiesel, phan iing chay xay tdt hon khdng cd biodiesel Ciing vi vay nhieu cdng trinh da chiing minh su bieu qua sir dung biodiesel pha vdi diesel BIO-1 C(LOAD ON) BIO-IC(LOADOF) 850 750 700 500 450 - - W^r""^^^ cone (ppm) 0 0 0 C 150 100 50 400 yH*M.A«v^Wv^,vV^ 350 ccn I 300 200 150 prrl^^'NOa »iftUJiMiunr-4vlV'—^^^»-«*»^l|»^^ rT-icyi'TTniWTl-lt=+=ll NO jHiAillll in I/) uS U) time Hinh 3: Khi thdi ciia ddng co sit diing I0%BIO-lCkhicdtdi Hinh 4: Khi thdi ciia ddng co sit dung 10% BIO-IC khdng cd tdi Xet ndng cac chit ddc hai khac cd thai, ta ciing thiy ham lugng cua chiing thip hon bin so sanh vdi diu diesel, ca cd va khdng cd tai trgng 403 Tieu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 Khi cd SU tham gia cua biodiesel d ham lugng 10%) (sii dung BI0-2A, cd mach cacbon C14-C16 chilm 10%) va C18-C20 chilm 90%) hien tugng thai phu thudc vao tinh trang lam viec cua ddng co vin xay nhu hinh 5,6 sau day B10-2A (LOAD ON) 750 700 650 i " 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 BI0-2A (LOAD OF) 600 550 ' VNWiiiUm, j ^ O J, J,J«AWA! "V'*1S^/™'yr'r^'"'' CO 600 450 _ 400 I 350 f 300 g 250 u 200 150 N6JI,^^„_,^.—^ iw-^-i—AJ-.-se-if1mj.-r-'iSiff:^^aBg3r>IBFW WlW"^U" f^ N02 time Hinh 5: Khi thdi cua ddng co sit dung 10% BIO-2A cd tdi NOx NO , 100 50 S S S S I S S S S g S S S S S S S S S a time Hinh 6: Khi thdi cua ddng co sir dung 10% BI0-2A khdng cd tdi So sanh giiia hai loai biodiesel them vao ciing mdt ty le la 10 %> tren trang thai lam viec cua ddng co nhu nhau, ta de dang nhan thay mdt sd net dac trung sau day: - Ham lugng CO thai cua ddng co lam viec cd tai cao hon khdng tai Khi pha them biodiesel, ham lugng cdn cao hon va dat miic khoang 700 ppm co tai Khi khdng cd tai, ham lugng CO giam xudng miic 400ppm doi vdi BIO-IC va 500ppm ddi vdi BI0-2A - Ham lugng cac chat ddc hai khac, dac biet la Nox thai cua ddng co lam viec khdng tai cao hon bin ddng co lam viec cd tai Tmdng hgp pha them biodiesel thi cac chat ddc hai cua mau BIO-IC cao hon mau BI0-2A khoang 50ppm - Nhu vay, mach cacbon ngin (C14-C16) chilm 65%) se lam giam nong CO dd, mach cacbon dai (C18-C20), se lam tang ndng CO Idii thai Ngugc lai, ham lugng mach cacbon ngin chilm uu thi, ndng cac chit nhu Nox, NO se tang hon va bang vdi ham lugng cua chiing ddng co sir dung 100%) diesel 3.2 Khao sat thai cua cac loai biodiesel khac va ty le phdi tron khac nhau: 404 - Mau BIO-IC cd thi pha 10, 15, 20% se cho gia tri CO thip hon so vdi CO Diesel, mau BI0-2A cho kit qua CO kha cao Dilu ciing phu hgp vdi nhan xet tren day (hinh 7) - Mau BIO-IC cd thi pha 10%) va 20%) se cho gia tri Nox thip hon so vdi NOx diesel (hinh 8) Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Viin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010 H i m hrang NOx k h i t h i i H i m iv^ng CO thdi HL S1=Blo-1C (ppm) S2=Bio-2A Lo^i nhidn li^u SI Loai nhidn iifiu HDiesei), 2^5% bio),3.(10 % bio) ,4^15% bio), S.(20% bio) = HDiesel), 2K5% bio),3.(10% bia),4.(15% bio), 5^20% bio) Hinh 7: Hdm lugng CO thdi Hinh 8: Hdm lugng Nox thdi ciia cdc ty li phdi trdn vd mdu biodiesel khdc (BIO-IC vd BIO-2A) cita cdc ty li phdi trdn vd mdu biodiesel khdc (BIO-IC vd BIO-2A) Miu BIO-IC cd the pha 10% va 20% va cho gia tri NO thip hon so vdi NO diesel (hinh 9) Hdm liTOTig N O thii 300f 250 —i 200 ~^ — HLNOfppm) 150 ! 100 ~i 50 ° ^'^^^i^H^^^HIS^IfeWmmtW ~"~'*™*«muM^^jjy ol si=Hin.ic: S2=ao-2A Loai nhidn li^u: 1-(diescl^; 2- (5%bio); 3-(10%bio); 4K15%bio)i 5-(20%bio) Loainhidnlidu: 1-(djesel); 2-(5%bio); 3-(10%bio); 4-{15%bio); 5-