NGHIEN CtTU THIET KE CHE TAO BO DIEU CHINH DIEN AP TU DONG CHO D A U MAY DIOH PGS TS DO VIET DUNG Bd mdn Dau mdy - Toa xe Khoa Cff ThS NGUYEN VAN NGHIA Bp mdn Ky thugt dien Khoa Dien - Dien tic Trudng Dgl hgc Giao thdng Van tdi Tom tdt:Logi ddu mdy DIOH Id logi ddu mdy cii ciia Trung qudc, hien su dung bd diiu chinh diin dp tie dgng DTQ-T694 Mac dii da sic dung mgch dien tic, thiit ki bd dieu tiit DTQT694 nguyen thiiy trin ddu mdy DIOH cd nhugc diim ca bdn la khdng cd chdc ndng diiu tiit ddng diin phdt nin khdng diiu tiit duac dong ngp cho dc quy, khdng chdng duac qua tdi cho mgch diin phu ddn tdi tudi thg ciia dc quy thdp, de gdy hu hdng mdy phdt vd cdc thiit bi lien quan cd su cd; ngodi cdn cd cdc nhuac diim: tdn thdt cdng sudt ldn, kich thudc vd trgng luang ldn Bdo cdo trinh bdy cdc kit qud nghiin cuu chi tgo hodn chinh bg diiu tiit mdi nhdm keo ddi tudi thg td dc quy, ndng cao tin cdy van dung cho ddu mdy DIOH vd di cd the tiin tdi chii ddng vi vdt tu, gidm gid thdnh, thdng nhdt hod cdc thiet bi diiu chinh diin dp tu ddng cho ddu mdy diesel ciia ngdnh Dudng sdt Viet Nam Summary: DIOH locomotives made in China are old now and are using the automatics set of voltage adjustment DTQ-T694 In spite of using electronic circuits, the main weakness of original DTQ-T694 on DIOH locomotive is without emission current adjustment function Therefore, it cannot adjust charging current for accumulator, against overloaded auxiliaiy circuit causing short life of accumulator, the breakdown of electric generator and related devices when there is trouble This report presents the results of a research on manufacturing a completely new adjustment set aiming to prolong accumulator life and improve operation warrant' for DIOH locomotive Furthermore, from now on, we can be initiative in accessoiy supply, price decreasing and Unifying voltage adjustment devices for Diesel locomotive of Vietnam railway I D A T VAN D E , Cac diu may diesel khai thac trdn dudng sat Viet Nam hidn deu sii' dung cac he thdng dieu chinh didn ap ty ddng (bd didu tidt) cua cac nude khae (My, Trung qudc, Bi, An ) cd gia r i t eao, khdng chii ddng vat tu su'a ehua thay thd Loai diu may DIOH la loai diu may cu cua Trung Qude, hidn su' dyng bd didu ehinh didn ap ty ddng didn tu' DTQT694 Mae dii da sir dyng maeh didn tii, thidt kd bg dieu tidt DTQ-T694 nguyen thiiy trdn diu may DIOH cd nhugc didm e a ban la khdng cd chu'c nang didu tidt ddng didn phat ndn khdng didu tiet dugc ddng nap eho i e quy, khdng ehdng duge qua tai cho maeh didn phy din tdi tudi TapchiKHQA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 31 - 09/2010 Iiy thg eua ac quy thap, dd gay hu hdng may phat va eac thiet bj lidn quan ed sy cd; ngoai cdn ed eac nhugc didm: tdn that cdng suat ldn, kich thudc va frgng lugng ldn Mat khac, thdi gian khai thac viia qua, bd didu tiet DTQ-T694 bj hu hdng nhidu, vide nhap khau phy timg loai 6k thay thd cho dau may rat khd khan Trung Qude hiu nhu khdng san xuat, gia cao Vide nghien cuu chd tao hoan chinh bd didu tidt mdi nham keo dai tudi thg td ac quy, nang cao tin cay van dung cho dau may DIOH va 6e cd thd tidn tdi chii ddng vd vat tu, giam gia thanh, thdng nhat hoa cae thidt bj didu ehinh didn ap ty ddng cho dau may diesel la nhu cau thyc td hidn ciia nganh Dudng sat Viet Nam II HE THONG DIEU TIET DIEN AP DTQ-T694 TREN DAU MAY DIOH Bd dieu tidt DTQ-T694 dugc lap frdn phia bdn phai tu dien dau may (hinh 1) Bdn ngoai bd didu tidt cd vd bao vd, phia ben la cae md dun maeh didn tir didu khidn, cae bidn frd didu chinh, cac didn frd cdng suat va eac Thiristor (frdn vd eac Thiristor ed lap cac bd tan nhiet bang nhdm) Dd dau ndi vdi maeh didn ngudn va kieh tii' may phat didn khdi ddng, sii' dung dau ndi chuydn dimg Khi can thao lap bd didu tidt, chi can thao eac bu ldng bat vd vdi gia bd didu tidt, sau dd nit dau ndi la ed thd dua bd didu tidt ngoai So nguyen ly maeh fren hinh >-•» • ^ ' iir Hinh Sa nguyen ly bd diiu chinh diin dp tu ddng DTQ-T694 trin ddu mdy DIOH Ddng CO diezel diu may DIOH sau khdi ddng, theo ydu cau keo tau, tdc quay bien ddi pham vi 750 ~ 1500 vdng/phiit Vi may phat didn khdi ddng ddng ea din ddng, ndn tdc quay eua nd bidn ddi theo tdc quay ciia ddng co, dd didn ap ciia nd phat cung bien ddi theo, vi vay chiie nang quan trgng nhat eiia bd didu tiet DTQ-T694 la dn djnh didn ap tren eye cua may pham vi 110 ± 2V Nguydn tie lam vide co ban dd bd didu tidt thyc hidn chue nang la: thay ddi tir thdng kich tir eiia may thdng qua didu chinh thay ddi ddng kich tir cho nd dd dam bao eho eho didn ap phat tren eye ciia may phat la dn djnh Mdt sd thdng sd ky thuat co ban ciia bd didu tiet sir dung trdn dau may DIOH: - Ngudn didn diu vao la ngudn mdt chidu 11OV dugc lay tii' td ac quy dau may 120 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG y^N TAI | ^6 31 ^09/2010 - Ddng lam vide d che phat dien binh thudng cap cho cudn kich tir IKT = 2A - 2,5A - Ddng didn kieh tir ldn nhat cap eho may phat (khi a che tdc quay ciia ddng co' thap va td ac quy ddi): iKtmax khdng qua lOA - Ddng phu tai eye dai eiia may phat khdng chd: l,„ax ^lOOA - On djnh didn ap d dau cac eye cua may phat didn khdi ddng ZQF-23 vdi sai lech didn ap cho phep llOV ± 1% - Bao ve ddng nap cho bd ac quy khdng vugt qua 60-100 A III THIET KE, CHE TAO VA LAP DAT THUT NGHIEM THIET BI ; Bd tidt chd thidt kd can phai dam bao dugc mdt sd yeu eau eo' ban nhu: Dam bao cac chiie nang ciia bd tidt chd DTQ-T694 (didu chinh duge didn ap ciia may phat, tri didn ap ciia nd dn djnh va chdng ddng dien ngugc; bd sung thdm chirc nang chdng qua tai eho may phat; cd bdn, tudi thg, tin cay, ehinh xae dam bao tuo'ng duong vdi thidt bj nhap; vj tn va maeh didn lap dat bd didu chinh phai tuong ty nhu vdi bd dieu chinh DTQ-T694; ed kdt eau nhd, ggn, nhe, thao tae thuan tidn, van hanh, dd bao duong, sira ehira; phii hgp vdi trinh cdng nghd tai cac nha may nganh dudng sat Viet Nam va kha nang dau tu ciia nganh 3.1 Chon phuong an thiet ke Tir chiic nang ehung eiia bd didu ehinh didn ap tu ddng, cac ydu eau thidt, ta lira chgn so' dd khdi chung ciia bd tidt chd gdm cac khdi chinh nhu trdn hinh Vd'i cac phan maeh chinh ciia he thdng bao gdm: - Maeh vdng dn djnh didn ap, dd bao gdm cae khau: khau ludng; khau so sanh; khau didu khidn va khau didu ehinh - Maeh didu chd cdng suat " ' • '^ '.•»''• - Maeh ngudn nudi he thdng Vdi so khdi lua chgn d tren, tidn hanh xay dyng so dd cau tnic (hinh 3), tinh toan, lya chon cac khdi va dua phuong an lip dat trdn diu may cy thd Ngu6n 4i^u khiln Gid til cj$t M^ch dieu kbi£n Nguin cdng suit M^ch cach Iy cdag su^i M&y phil ?h&n hdi ding PhanhAi ding, ^ Hinh Sa khoi bo dieu chinh dien dp tir dong thiei ke cho ddu nicfy DIOH rapchi^piOAHQCGIAO;THQNGVANTAI,.:i.igvM|i9/2Q.lO 121 3.2 Tfnh toan, xay dung so' nguyen Iy V Maeh didn ap: Nhidm vy cua maeh didn ap la tao tin hidu didn ap thap, ed gia frj ty Id thuan vdi didn ap may phat ZQF-23 Maeh phai dam bao cae ydu ciu: didn ap iiy maeh phan hdi phai thay ddi tuong ung vdi su thay ddi eua didn ap may phat va bidn ddi kjp vdi didn ap vao; ed each ly de triet tieu cac can nhidu tae ddng vao maeh Tir cae thdng sd da khao sat eiia may phat khdi ddng va bd dieu ehinh, ta ed thdng sd vao va d maeh didn ap nhu sau: Didn ap dau vao: 85-120V; Didn ap diu 0-5V 3.2 Tinh toan, xay dung so' nguyen ly ••• Maeh didn ap: Nhidm vy eiia maeh didn ap la tao tin hidu didn ap thap, ed gia trj ty Id thuan vdi dien ap may phat ZQF-23 Maeh phai dam bao eac yeu cau: didn ap lay maeh phan hdi phai thay ddi tuong iing vdi sy thay ddi eua dien ap may phat va bidn ddi kjp vdi didn ap vao; ed each ly de triet tidu cac can nhidu tac ddng vao maeh Tir cae thdng sd da khao sat ciia may phat khdi ddng va bd didu chinh, ta ed thdng sd vao va d maeh didn ap nhu sau: didn ap dau vao:,85-120V; didn ap dau 0-5V i 1„ _^ i_^ ' Dien ap may phat i ; CIO UpMan hoi 11102 BIENTRO Hinh Mgch dien dp Maeh didn ap thyc chat la mdt eau phan ap dd lay tin hidu didn ap phan hdi tir may phat dua ve maeh phan hdi ap eua IC didu khidn UC 3842 Tir so nguydn ly hinh 3, he sd phan hdi ap duge tinh nhu sau: K„ =- AU AU 5V-0V = 0.135 120V-85V (1) Trong dd: K^ - He sd phan hdi ap; AUra, AUvao - Pham vi bidn ddi ap va vao cua eau do, V - /" '' ->F r pi TWJ VSLILI^I Hinh Maeh bdo vi ddng nap Trdn co sd so' dd lya chgn tinh toan duge cac thdng sd maeh Rg = 1.25mQ, didn trd phan hdi: R,d * KBVD = 741 KQ; bidn thidn didn ap dau vao maeh bao vd ddng: AUj = 50mV; bidn thidn didn ap dau ra: AUra = 3V va tir dd he sd khudeh dai ciia maeh khudeh dai ddng: KBVD = 60 • Lya chgn va tinh toan maeh cdng suat: + Lya chgn van cdng suat: lya chgn sir dyng IGBT (FET) Thdng sd ydu ciu ddng tai eiia van cdng suit: Ddng didn kich tii' trung binh: Itb= 2-5A; Ddng didn kich tir eye dai: I^ax = 20A; He sd du tru ddng didn 1,5; Didn ap lam vide: Umax = lOV; Didn ap chju dyng: 600V Trong thiet kd chgn van cdng suat la IGBT 80N60 Van 80N60 lya chgn qua thir nghidm lau dai da chiing td dap ung duge ydu ciu lam vide dai ban trdn diu may + Maeh kich md IGBT: Nhidm vy tao didn ap kieh md dii ldn (didn ap kich an toan: nho ban V(iEiiiax) cho IGBT So nguyen ly tren hinh Cac diode zenner lip maeh cd tac di;ing giii' cho didn ap kieh khdng vugt qua gidi ban, didn trd ndi tidp ban chd ddng kich, dam bao an toan cho bg each ly OPTO, didn trd song song vdi tidp giap GE nhim xa nhanh didn tich d tiep giap GE Tir cac maeh phin duge thidt kd tinh toan trinh bay d trdn, so dd nguydn ly maeh tdng hgp dugc nhu trdn hinh Tao^i KH|?A HQCGIAO THONG VAN TAI S6 31 - Q?/2010 125 Hinh So' nguyen ly tdng thi bd diiu chinh dien dp tu ddng ddu mdy DIOH 3.3 Che tao va lap dat thu nghiem thiet bj 3.3.1 Che tgo bo dieu chinh Panel maeh ehinh eua bd didu ehinh duge thidt kd bang phan mdm ORCAD Tir so dd nguyen ly maeh da thidt kd lap rap cae linh kidn va eac phan tu' tich eye duge lya chgn theo diing dae tinh va cac thdng sd ky thuat: cac didn trd, didt, tu didn, IC didu khidn UC3842, IC KDTT LM741, each ly PC 817 va IGBT 80N60 cua maeh didn ap, maeh kidm soat ddng didn kich tii', maeh ddng didn nap ae quy, maeh phan hdi didn ap, maeh bao vd ddng nap, maeh cdng suat, maeh kieh md IGBT, maeh ngudn nudi Idn maeh in da duge ehe tao Dd thuan tidn eho vide lap dat trdn dau may va frong qua trinh khai thac, su' dung dau jae eimg loai vdi dau jae eua bd didu ehinh DTQ-T694 Didu eho phep thay thd hoan toan tuong duong giua hai bd didu chinh eu va bd didu chinh thidt kd chd tao mdi Panel maeh sau lap rap toan bd cac linh kidn va duge lap vao vd (chd tao mdi) thd hidn trdn hinh Sau lap rap linh kidn trdn cae panel maeh, can lap vao he thdng thu' nghidm phdng thi nghidm dd thu nghidm, kidm tra, hidu ehinh sy lam vide trudc lap rap vao vd Tdng thd bd dieu ehinh sau kbi lap rap hoan ehinh thd hidn trdn hinh 10 Piiiii.l djuu khivii lllcii iri/ilk-ii iliiiili cISiii! dU'ii HHn !"• •'i'-" ' ""^i' "I' Hinh Panel mgch ciia bd diiu chinh sau chi tgo 126 Hinh 10 Bd diiu chinh sau lap rdp hodn chinh Tap chiKHOA HQC GIAO THONQ V^N TAI So 31 - 09/2010 3.3.2 Thic nghiem bo dieu tiet tgi hien truang vd cdc kit qud thu dugc Thidt bj dugc ehe tao, thii' nghidm hoan chinh dugc lip dat trdn diu may DIOH 016 tai Xi nghidp Dau may Yen Vidn thii' nghidm tai xudng va thu nghidm lau dai frdn tuydn Trdn hinh 11 minh hoa vj tri lip dat thyc te eua bd dieu chinh trdn diu may DIOH 016 Hinh 11 Vi tri lap ddt thuc ti cua bd dieu chmh chi tgo mdi til diin ddu mdy DIOH O bude thu' nghidm ban dau, dd dam bao an toan chay tau, lap ddng thai ea bd didu ehinh didn ap tu ddng (bd dieu ehinh nguyen thuy DTQ T694 va bd didu chinh che tao mdi) Trdn hinh 11 vi tri lap dat song song hai bd didu ehinh qua trinh thir nghidm trdn diu may van dung DIOH 016 Cae kdt qua thir nghidm trdn dau may tai xudng va frdn tuydn van dyng hoan toan tuong ty nhu va duge trinh bay frdn bang I Bdng / Kit qud thit nghiem tqi hiin trudng Ket qua thir nghiem tai xu-ong TT Dong nap (A) 10 11 12 13 14 15 30 30 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 100 30 Toe may phat (v/p) 600 700 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 600 700 Dong kich tu (A) 0.95 0.85 0.7 0.6 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 3.5 dien ap (V) 110 no no no no no no no no no no no no 102 no Ket qua thir nghiem tren tuyen TT Dong nap (A) Tdc may phat (v/p) 10 11 12 13 14 15 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 600 673 746 819 892 965 1038 1110 1184 1257 1330 1403 1476 1549 1622 Dong kich tir (A) 4.68 4.36 3.72 3.4 3.08 2.76 1.73 1.5 1.26 1.1 0.8 0.72 dien ap ra(V) no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no IV KET LUAN Bg didu chinh didn ap tu ddng la thidt bj quan frgng dam bao chit lugng ngudn didn dieu kliidn ciia diu may diesel, dam bao eho diu may boat ddng an toan, ehinh xae qua trinh tap chiKHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 31 - 09/2010 127 khai thac frdn tuydn Vide thidt kd; chd tao eac bd didu tidt didn ap mdi ngoai vide dam bao cac yeu cau ky thuat nhu bd didu tidt DTQ-T694 cdn cd them chiie nang didu tidt ddng didn nap eho ac quy va chdng qua tai maeh didn phu Tir dd keo dai dang kd tudi thg td ic quy Mat khae, vide chd tao bd didu chinh frong nude ed tinh nang boat ddng ehinh xae, dn djnh, tin cay, dd dang didu chinh dai didn ap boat ddng, chdng qua tai cho may phat didn nap ie quy vdi gia khdng cao la thidt thyc nang cao chat lugng khai thac dau may trdn tuyen Bd didu chinh dugc lap dat frdn dau may DlOH-016 sudt thdi gian tir ehinh thiic chay thir nghidm (2.2009 ddn nay), da dugc nganh dudng sat Viet Nam chinh thuc eho phep lap thay thd bang loat cho cae bd didu ehinh trdn cac dau may DIOH ciia nganh Tai lieu tham khiio [1] Dd Viel Dimg, Lai Nggc Dudng, Truang Duy Phiic (1996), Truyen ddng dau may diezel Giao trinh giang day dai hoc truong Dai hpc Giao thong Van tai [2] Dd Viet Dimg, 2001, Nghien cii'u thiet ke che tao bo dieu chinh dien ap tu dong cho diu may Ddng Phong, Thong tin KHKT trudng Dai hoc Giao thdng Van tai [3] Ngd Dien Tap (1996), Do ludng va dieu khien bSng may tinh, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat [4] Nguyin Xudn Phii, HdXudn Thanh (1996) - Vat lieu ky thuat dien - NXB Khoa hoc ky thuat [5] Li Vdn Doanh ( 2001) - Dien tii' cong suat - NXB Khoa hoc ky thuat [6] Huong din su dung va cac tai lieu ky thuat dau may DIOH Tong Cdng ty Duong sSt Viet Nam» NGHIEN ClTU CAC BIEN PHAP KHA THI (Tiip theo trang 152) IV KET LUAN Ndi dung bai bao da tdng hgp nhirng sy ed doan tau van hanh ham gay va frang thai thiet bj ham trdn cac tram kidm tra ham, ga lap doan tau va nhung toa xe dira vao xi nghidp sira ehua, khai nhirng nhan td anh hudng tryc tidp, gian tidp cho nguyen nhan gay nen bd ham toa xe doan tau van hanh tir dd dua cac bidn phap kha thi khic phuc lam giam sy cd bd ham toa xe frong van h^nh Kdt qua nghidn ciru dd tai gdp phan dao tao can bd nghien cuu, sinh vidn chuyen nganh DMTX Nang cao chat lugng kiem tra, bao dudng sira chiia va trang thai ky thuat ham, lam giam thidu sy ed doan tau bd ham toa xe gay ra, tang nang lyc van chuydn hang boa hanh khach, giam sy chi phi sira chira toa xe va dem lai hidu qua kinh te rat ldn Tai lieu tham khao [1] PGS.TS Vii Duy Lgc De tai Ma sd 094030: "Nghien ciiu xae djnh nguyen nhan va bien phap khSc phuc nhu'ng hien tugng bd ham toa xe qua trinh doan tau van hanh"* 128 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THQNG VAN i ; ^ r S6 31 - 09/2010 ... V(iEiiiax) cho IGBT So nguyen ly tren hinh Cac diode zenner lip maeh cd tac di;ing giii'' cho didn ap kieh khdng vugt qua gidi ban, didn trd ndi tidp ban chd ddng kich, dam bao an toan cho bg each... didn ap d dau cac eye cua may phat didn khdi ddng ZQF-23 vdi sai lech didn ap cho phep llOV ± 1% - Bao ve ddng nap cho bd ac quy khdng vugt qua 60-100 A III THIET KE, CHE TAO VA LAP DAT THUT NGHIEM... thay thd cho dau may rat khd khan Trung Qude hiu nhu khdng san xuat, gia cao Vide nghien cuu chd tao hoan chinh bd didu tidt mdi nham keo dai tudi thg td ac quy, nang cao tin cay van dung cho dau