ứng dụng phần mềm AVL BOOST mô phỏng tăng áp cho động cơ d243

NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI (MG DUNG PHAN MiM AVI - BOOST MO PHdNG TANG AP CHO DONG C D243 • APPLYING AVL_BOOSTTO SIMULATE DIESEL ENGINE TO BE RETROFITTED BY TURBOGHARGER (*) NGUYEN DUY VINH K H N G V U QUANG PHAM MINH T U A N (**) NGUYEN TIEN HAN T6M TAT Tang cdng suat, giam tieu hao nhien lieu va cac phan thai dpc hai cho dpng co dot (OCDT) la mpt nhiing thach thiJc Idn doi vdi nganh cdng nghiep dtd Tang ap cho DCDT cd the dUpc coi la mpt nhQng bien phap hieu qua de giai quyet cac van de tren Hien nay, hau het cac dpng co diesel san xuat tai cac niidc cd nen cdng nghiep dtd hien dai deu dUpc trang bj he thong tang ap Trong ddng co diesel khdng tang ap van cdn dang dUpc sCr dung kha bien tren cac phufong tien van tai tai Viet Nam, day cd the la mpt nhCJfng nguyen nhan chinh d i n den hieu qua khai thac thap dpng co diesel tai Viet nam Do vay, tang ap cho cac ddng dpng cd la giai phap can thiet giai doan hien Bai bao se trinh bay ket qua nghien ciiu tang ap cho dpng cP D243 bang phan mem AVL_BOOST Ket qua nghien ciiu ciia de tai la cP sd quan trpng cho viec tinh kiem nghiem cac cP cau va he thong cua dpng co diesel sau tang ap ABSTRACT Increasing power and decreasing fuel consumption is one of the most challenging of the internal combustion engine The supercharger is an effect and popular method to solve this problem Nowadays, in the world, almost diesel engines are retrofitted supercharger systems However, in Vietnam the nonsupercharged diesel engine is very popular In this research, we modeled diesel engine without supercharger and supercharged engine by the AVL_BOOST software In those models, we estimated the ability supercharger for this engine and the other diesel engine without supercharger in Viet Nam The result of this rearch is basic for the testing some the conveniences and systems of D243 engine after supercharging G I O I T H I E U trien cac cdng nghe mdi nganh cdng nghiep oto Cac v ^ d8 nhu d nhilm mdi tradng, hieu ling nha kinh, can kiet ngu6n nhien lieu hda thach la nhiing Cho den phuong phap tang ap bkig tuabin may nen ^^j^o ddng co d6t (DCDT) vin duoc coi la giai ^^^^ ^-.^ ^^, ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^-.^ ^ g ^.„g ^^^ ^^^ ^^ thach thiic Idn va cimg ddng ^ la nguon ^ • ^ luc • thiic day•>phat ^ ,giam uphat -^^u - ^ -dpcu -hai -cuar\nr\T ã -cac t,Aôv ^t thai DCDT ma nha san xuat (*)Tnr6ng Dai hoc Bach khoa HaNpi (**) Truong Dai hoc Cong nghiep Ha Npi ^^ng CO hang d4u thi gidi vIn dang r^t quan tam va ap dung [1] Cung vdi xu hudng phat trien chung cua ^ TAP CHica KHi VIET NAM • So 7-Thang nam 2011 NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI nganh cdng nghiep dtd the gidi, thdi gian qua, cac nha nghien ciiu che tao DCDT tai Viet Nam ciing da bat dau de cap den van de tang ap bSng tuabin may nen cho dpng co diesel Tuy nhien tir trade den nay, van chua cd de tai nghien ciiu nao thuc su dupc thuc hien mpt each bai ban vay kha nang ling dung cdn nhi§u ban che [2] Trong dd mpt lupng Idn ddng co diesel khdng tang ap van tiep tuc dang dupc sii dung kha bien d Viet Nam Do vay, nghien ciiu cai tien tang ap cho nhiing ddng ddng co la cap thiet va cd y nghia thuc tien cao tu chay Qua trinh giai phdng nhiet dupe xac dinh bdi viec dieu chinh chat lupng nhien lieu va mat dp chuyen ddng roi, the hien phuong trinh dQ_ — = CMod • A(Mp,Q)-f2(k,V) d(p y^iMM„Q) (2) = M, , dd C^^j la md hinh khdng doi [kJ/kg.°TK], C^^ la hang so tdc dp hda trdn [s], k la mat dp cua ddng nang chuyen ddng cue bp [m%-], M^ la khoi lupng nhien lieu phun [kg], LCVla nhiet tri thap [kJ/kg], Q la su tda nhiet tich luy [kJ], F l a the tich xylanh tiic thdi [m^], ^ la gdc quay true khuyu [°TK] Trong nghien cuu nay, nhdm tac gia da ling dung phan mem A V L B O O S T de md phdng tang ap cho ddng CO diesel D243 Ket qua nghien ciiu eiia de tai se 2.1.3 Mo hinh truyin nhiet la CO sd quan trong tinh kiem nghiem eac co cau va he thong cua ddng co diesel sau dupc tang ap Qua trinh trayen nhiet tit buong chay qua Ngoai cac ket qua cdn la eo sd de danh gia kha xylanh va ngoai dupc tinh toan dua vao phuong nang tang ap bang tuabin may nen cho ddng co diesel trinh trayen nhiet sau [4] dang luu hanh d Viet Nam MO PHONG DONG CO D243 PHAN MEM AVL_BOOST / Ca sd ly thuyitphdn mim BANG AVL_BOOST 2.1.1 Phuang trinh nhiit dpng hpc Dinh luat nhiet ddng hpc dupc sir dung phan mem A V L B O O S T the hien moi quan he giiia su bien thien ndi nang hay enthalpy vdi su bien thien cua nhiet va cdng, dupc trinh bay phuong trinh 1[3] d{m,.u) dt dV dQ — ~Pc' ' da da da ''• da ^^^ Trong dd, m^ la khoi lupng mdi chat ben xylanh, u la ndi nang, p^ la ap suat ben xylanh, V la the tich xylanh, g^ la nhiet lupng cua nhien lieu cung cap, Q^ la nhiet lupng ton that cho vach, /z^^ la tri so enthalpy, m^^ la lupng Ipt khi, va a la gdc quay tr\ic khuyu 2.1.2 Mo hinh chay Phan mem AVL_BOOST sir dung md hmh chay AVL MCC cho vi?c d\r doan cac chi tieu cua qua trinh chay nhiing dpng co phun nhien lieu true tiep va Trong Q^- la nhiet lupng trayen cho xylanh, piston, nap may, A^ la dien tich trayen nhiet piston, xylanh, nap may, a_ la he so trayen nhiet, T la nhiet dp mdi chat xylanh, r,_ la nhiet dp vach De xac dinh he so trayen nhiet phuong trinh doi vdi dpng co diesel, md hinh Wosehni 1978 thudng dupc sir dung de tinh [5] a^ = m.D^\pr.Tr.[C,.^^C,^.{p^-pjr(4) Pc.Jc,\ Trong dd C^ = 2,28 + 0,30S.cJcm, C^= 0,00324 doi vdi ddng CO phun true tiep, D la dudng kinh xylanh, c^ la toe trung binh cua piston, c^, la toe dp quay, c^ = n.D nJ60, V^ la the tich cdng tac, p^ la ap suat mdi chat, p^^ la ap suat trdi, T ^ la nhiet dp cuoi qua trinh nap, p^ J la ap suat cuoi qua trinh nap 2.2 Xay dung mo hinh dpng caD243 2.2.1 Thong sd vd dac tinh ky thuat dpng ca D243 Dpng CO D243 la ddng co diesel ky, cdng suat thiet ke 80 ma lire d so vdng quay 2200v/ph Hien nay, ddng CO D243 dang dupc sii dung kha bien nhieu linh vuc d Viet Nam Cac thdng so ky thuat cua ddng CO D243 dupc the hien Bang 'S TAP CHI c a KHI VIET NAM V So 7-Thang nam 2011 |> NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI B^g 3: Cac phan tir mo hinh B^g 1: Thong so kytiiuatdpng co D243 XT Gia tri Don vi Thong so/ ki hieu Thii tu cdng tac 1-34-2 The tich cdng tac (V^) 4,75 dm^ Dudng kinh xylanh (D) 110 mm Hanh trinh piston (S) 125 mm Ty so nen (s) 16,4 Cdng suat dinh miic (N^ ^ ) 80 Ma luc Toe dp quay ling vdi N^ ^ 2200 v/ph 280 N.m Md mem xoan Idn nhat (M Gdc phun sdm (cp^) TT Ten phan tu* Ky hieu Phan tu dieu kien bien SB Phan tu binh on ap PL Phan tu xylanh C Phan tit can R Phan tii diem MP Phan tu lpc CL Phan tir tang ap TC Phan tu van xa Phan tu lam mat Idii tang ap WG CL B4ng 4: Thong so chinh nhap cho mo hinh ) 25-27 °TK Dac tinh va thdng so dau vao cho md hinh ddng CO dupc xac dinh tren co sd cac thuc nghiem tai Phdng thi nghiem Ddng co dot (PTN DCDT) Cac ket qua dupc the hien Bang Ket qua se la co sd danh gia tinh tin cay cua md hinh B^g 2: Thong so tai PTN DCDT "dc (v/ph) N (kW) G„ (g/cycle) 1000 31,38 0,066 1400 45,87 0,074 1600 51,89 0,073 1800 57,03 0,070 2000 56,18 0,061 2200 56,09 0,055 TT Thong so nhap Toe dp ddng CO n (v/ph) Ap suat mdi tradng p (bar) Nhiet dp mdi tradng t (°C) 25 Chu ky tinh 50 Lupng nhien lieu chu trinh (g/cyc) 0,055-0,074 Budc xuat ket qua Nhiet tri thap Q (kJ/kgnl) TyleA/F Md hinh chay Gia trj 1200-2200 42800 14,7 AVL MCC 10 Loai ddng co 4ky 11 Thii tu no 1-3-4-2 Md hinh ddng co D243 sau xay dung hoan thien phan mem AVLBOOST dupc die hien Hinh 2.2.2 Xay dung mo hinh phdn mimAVL_ BOOST Md hinh ddng co dupc xay dung tren co sd dpng CO D243 thuc te, cac phan tu cung nhu cac thdng so ciia md hinh dupc xac dinh tir thuc nghiem Bang va the hien eac phan tu va cac thdng so cho md hinh TAP CHicaKHl VIET NAM V So 7-Thang nam 2011 a) NGHIEN cuu-TRAO DOI 3.2 Khd ndng tang dp cda dpng caD243 3.2.1 Dac tinh cong sudt vd sudt tieu hao nhien lieu Dac tinh cdng suat va tieu hao nhien lieu cua ddng CO D243 khdng tang ap va cd tang ap dupc the hien Hinh , — h ^ ^ ^ — « -HP2^ UP7 Hinh 1: Mo hinh dong ca D243, a - khong tang ap, b - tang ap 1000 1400 1«00 1800 2000 2200 n (v/ph) Hinh 3: Dac tinh cong suat va tieu hao nhien heu cua dpng co trade va sau tang ap KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Ket qua md phdng cho thay sau tang ap cdng eiia dpng eo tang dong thdi suat suat tieu hao nhien suat 3.1 Dp tin cay cda mo hinh lieu ciing giam Cu the tai che dp n^ = lOOOv/ph cdng Hinh the hien ket qua md phdng va thuc nghiem suat tang len 30,4%, suat tieu hao nhien lieu giam 9,4%, eiia ddng co D243 khdng tang ap Ket qua cho thay cdn tai n^^ = 1600v/ph cdng suat tang len 29,5% va suat dudng dac tinh cdng suat va tieu hao nhien lieu giua thieu hao nhien lieu giam 3,5%, tai che dp md phdng va thuc nghiem la kha tuong ddng Sai toe dp dinh miic n^^ = 2200v/ph cdng suat tang len tdi lech Idn nhat ve cdng suat la 5,2% tai n = 2200v/ph, 49,5% va tieu hao nhiet lieu chi giam 2,1% Ket qua tieu hao nhien lieu la 15,2% tai n = 1600v/ph Su sai tren cho thay tinh kinh te dat dupe d che dp toe dp thap, lech cd the cac nguyen nhan, nhu sai so phep cdn tinh hieu qua dat dupc d che dp toe cao, cu the thue nghiem hay mpt so gia thiet md phdng tai toe dp dinh muc cua dpng co Nhu vay ca tinh kinh md hinh chua phu hpp vdi thuc nghiem Tuy te va hieu qua ciia ddng co sau tang ap da dupc cai nhien vdi cac ket qua da the hien tinh tin cay cua thien dang ke md hinh Do vay md hinh cd the phat trien md 3.2.2 Thanh phdn thdi dpc hai hinh dpng co D243 tang ap de phuc vu cho cae budc nghien ciiu tiep theo Lupng phat thai ddc hai md hinh ddng eo D243 trade va sau tang ap dupc the hien hinh 4, va 1000 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 n (v/ph) 1000 Hinh 2: D$c tinh cong suat va tieu hao nhien heu ciia thirc nghiem va mo phong 1400 1600 1800 n (v/ph) 2000 2200 Hinh 4: Phat thai NOx tniac va sau tang ap TAP CHI c a KHI VIET NAM V So 7-Thang nam2011 NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI Hinh the hien sau ddng co tang ap phan phat thai Soot ciing giam Cu the d che n 140 ICO-KTA ICO-TA 120 ^100 g & 80 O U 60 40 20 dc l+I+t 11111 1000 1400 1600 1800 n (v/ph) 2000 2200 Hinh 5: Phat thai CO trade va sau tang ap = 2200v/ph lupng Soot giam 60,8%, cdn tai n^ = lOOOv/ph lupng Soot giam 65,2% Nguyen nhan lupng Soot giam la ta tang ap da lam ap suat va nhiet dp qua trinh chay tang cao hon giiip phan buy het cac mudi than hinh qua trinh chay, ngoai tang ap da lam cho ddng nap chuyen ddng xoay loc cao nen thuc hien qua trinh quet dupc tdt hon KET LUAN Tren co sd cac ket qua nghien ciiu, phan tich va danh gia kha nang tang ap cua ddng co D243, cd cac ket luan sau: Xay dung cdng md hinh ddng co D243 co va khdng cd tang ap tren phan mem AVLBOOST 1000 1600 1800 2000 2200 n (v/ph) Hinh 6: Phat thai Soot trade va sau tang ap Dac tinh cdng suat va tieu hao nhien lieu ciia ddng CO D243 sau tang ap bang tuabin may nen da dupc cai thien kha rd d che dp tdc dp dinh miic cdng suat tang 49,5%, cdn d che dp toe dp thap tieu hao nhien lieu giam tdi 9,4% Cac phan phat thai CO, Soot ciia dpng ca D243 sau tang ap dupc cai thien kha nhieu, tai che Ket qua md phdng cho thay sau tang ap toe dp thap phat thai Soot giam tdi 65,2%, cdn d che dp toe phan phat thai thay doi rat Idn Tren Hinh cho thay dp cao phat thai CO giam 37,6% Tuy nhien, phan ddng CO D243 tang ap cd lupng phat thai NOx Idn hon phat thai NO,^ tang cao tdi 80,8% d che dp toe dp cao Do ddng eo D243 khdng tang ap, chenh lech Idn nhat la vay sau tang ap can phai ap dung cac giai phap giam tai toe dp vdng quay 2200v/ph len den 80,8%, day la NOj^ de dam bao phat thai NO^^ dat tieu chuan nhupe diem chinh cua ddng co diesel sau tang ap Ket qua la budc dau de danh gia kha nang tang Hien tupng ed the giai thich la ddng co tang ap cho cae dpng co diesel dang luu hanh tai Viet Nam, ap cd nhiet dp qua trinh chay cao hom da tao dieu kien de hinh NO^ qua trinh chay Do vay thdng va la CO sd de tinh kiem nghiem cac co cau va he thong thudng ddng co diesel tang ap ma muon dam bao cua ddng co Idii tang ap cho ddng co • tieu chuan ve phat thai NO^ thudng can ap dimg cac Tai lieu tham khao: bien phap giam phat thai NOx Hinh cho thay lupng CO phat thai ciia dpng co D243 tang ap thap hon nhieu so vdi ddng co D243 khdng tang ap Cu the tai che dp n^^ = 2200v/ph thi lupng CO giam 37,6%, cdn tai n^ = lOOOv/ph thi lupng CO giam 31,7% Nguyen nhan la ddng co dupc tang ap thi qua trinh chay cd nhiet dp va ap suat cao hon so vdi ddng CO khdng tang ap, mat Idiac sir dung cum tuabin may nen nen lupng khdng vao xylanh nhieu hon dong nghia vdi lupng O, se nhieu nen lam giam phan phat thai CO TAP CHI c a KHI VIET NAM V [1] John B Heywood and Orian Z WeUing (2009) "Trends in Performance Characteristics of Modem Automobile SI and Diesel Engines", SAE paper No 2009-01-1892 [2] Le Dinh Vu (2010) "Bao cao tong ket de tai cap bg, Nghien cmi eudng hoa dpng ca B6 bang tubin thai" [3] AVL GmbH BOOST Version 4.1 User's Guide AST 01.0104.0470 -29-Jul-2005 [4] G D'Errico, et al (2002) "Modehng the Pollutant Emissions from a S.L Engine", SAE paper No 2002-01-0006 [5] G.Wosehni (1967) "A Universally Apphcable Equation for the Instantaneous Heat Transfer Coefficient in Internal Combustion Engines" SAE paper No 6700931 So - T h a n g nam2011 ... ap bang tuabin may nen cho ddng co diesel trinh trayen nhiet sau [4] dang luu hanh d Viet Nam MO PHONG DONG CO D243 PHAN MEM AVL_ BOOST / Ca sd ly thuyitphdn mim BANG AVL_ BOOST 2.1.1 Phuang trinh... 42800 14,7 AVL MCC 10 Loai ddng co 4ky 11 Thii tu no 1-3-4-2 Md hinh ddng co D243 sau xay dung hoan thien phan mem AVLBOOST dupc die hien Hinh 2.2.2 Xay dung mo hinh phdn mimAVL_ BOOST Md hinh... nhiet lupng ton that cho vach, /z^^ la tri so enthalpy, m^^ la lupng Ipt khi, va a la gdc quay tr\ic khuyu 2.1.2 Mo hinh chay Phan mem AVL_ BOOST sir dung md hmh chay AVL MCC cho vi?c d\r doan cac