Nguyin Dang Binh vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 88(12): 169- 174 NGHIEN c u r u ANH HUONG CUA BOI TRON LAM NGUOI TOI THIEU DAU LAC DEN TUOI BEN DUNG CV C A T TRONG TIEN C L T N G Nguyen Dang Binh', Tran Minh Due', Le Thai Son^ * Trudng DII Ky thudt Cdng nghiep Thai Nguyen 'Trudng DH Suphgm ky thugl I'inh TOM TAT Qua trinh thyc nghiem su dgng phuong phap boi tron-lam ngupi toi thiCni (MQL) tien thep 9CrSi dupc thyc hien tren nia\ tien van nang Phuong phap Iran ngupi MQL dupc thyc hien dudi ap suat nen at va luu lugng phun Iml/phiit vdi dung djch Emusil va Dau lac Viet Nam Kit qua cho thay hieu qua boi Iran va lam ngupi ciia MQL noi trpi han hdn so vdi phuang phap gia cong kho Han nua sii' dung MQL Dau lac, lupng mon dao thap ban, lyc cdt thdp va tang cham han so vdi su dung MQL Emusil Dieu na\ chung to Dau lac Viet Nam co tac dung uu viet vai tro dung djch MQL Tu khoa: Sir dung MQL Ddu lgc, Tudi ben dung cu cdt, Luc cdt DAT VAN DE Theo nghien ciru cua Nakayama va cac ddng nghiep [1], phoi dugc binh qua trinh tien cirng khdng gidng vdi phoi tien thud'ng Khi tien cung, phoi bj bong trde hai lan Lan thu' nhat phoi tach khdi phdi, lan thir hai phoi ty bung, ty vugt qua gidi hgn dan hdi va cd xu hud'ng trd ve trgng thai ban dau Dieu dugc giai thich: d tren be mat phdi, phoi bj nen Igi Do dd sau dugc giai phdng khdi phdi, nd ludn cd xu hudng trd ve trang thai trudc dd Trong tien cirng, su' dung dao cat cd ban kinh miii dao ldn thi cd the cai thien dugc nham be mat chi tiet gia cdng song lgi lam tang lyc cat va gay ung suat du Idn tren be mat san pham sau gia cdng [1] Khi cat vdi van tdc den 300m/pb, nhiet sinh tien cung dugc d mui dao lam bang vat lieu CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) cd tbi dgt den 950^ [3] Nhiet cao vimg cdt la yeu td CO ban gay nen cac anh budng bat lgi qua trinh tien cu'ng Dd la ddng lyc de thu hiit cac nha nghien cuu nude va tren the gidi tap trung nghien cuu de tim cac giai phap bdi tron-lam ngudi (BT-LN) nham lam giam nhiet gia edng Trong trudng hgp nay, nlu thyc hien phuong phap BT-LN tudi tran thdng thudng se khdng thda man dugc myc tieu lam giam nhiet cat Tel: 0912 435 816 Do vat lieu gia cdng cd cii'ng cao, dao tien cirng cd gdc trudc be ban nhieu so vdi gdc trudc ciia dao tien thudng Day la nguyen nhan co ban lam giam kha nang tham nhap cua dung djch BT-LN vao viing cat va nhu vay hieu qua ciia qua trinh BT-LN bj giam xudng tram trgng Mat khac, BT-LN tudi tran cd nguy ca lam giam tudi ben cua dung cu cat xuat hien cac vet mil te vi hien tugng doan nhiet gay nen [4] Do vay, mdt sd co cbe BT-LN thay the da dugc dau tu nghien ciiu va budc dau da cbiing minh bieu qua eua cbiing, nhu: lam ngudi bang ludng ap suat cao [5], BT-LN SU' dyng dung djch khd (solid lubricant) [6], BT-LN bdng dung djch tron ngudi ap suat cao, lam ngudi bang ludng lgnh Nita/C02 [6] Bdi tron-lam ngudi tdi thilu (Minimum Quantity Lubrication-MQL) tien cung phuong phap su' dung co che BT-LN bdng each phun dung djch tro'n ngudi da dugc nen d ap suat cao vao vimg gia cdng Dgc tinh khac biet vl co cbl hda tan ciia dung djch tran ngudi d dieu kien da tgo nen mdt CO cbl tham nhap vao viing gia cdiig khac vdi cac phuong phap BT-LN truyen thong hien cd Nhd dd, cdng nghe MQL da cho thay nhilu uu diem ve ca tinh nang bdi tro'n lin lam ngudi qua trinh gia cdng vat lieu cd cii'ng cao Mdt nbung uu dilm ndi bat ciia nd la lam giam nhiet cat, giam lugng mdn dao, giam hien tugng leo dao dd cai thien nham be mat chi tiet 169 NguyC'n Dang Binh vd Dtg Tgp cbl KHOA ll(.)C & CONG NGHE gia cdng, Uing tudi ben dung cu cat, tang chinb Xiic gia cdng v;i diic biet la khdng gay hgi cho mdi trudng va ngudi |4], [5|, [8] Thay rd dugc tac d(ing cua phuang phap BTLN MQL d;i bdt dau dugc quan lam va dciu lu nghien ciru o Vipl nam [9| Tuy nhien, sd lirgng \a quy md ngbicMi ciru cdn khiiim ton Chira cd cdng Irinh nghien ciru n;io ihyc hien vdi cdng nghe sir d\ing MQL Dau Igc lien cinig Vdi dgng lyc va y nghTa do, nhdm tiic gia da lien hanh danh gia ciic ;inh budng lien quan tnMig qua Irinh lien cirng ap dyng cdng nghe sir d^ing MQI- Dau lac san xual tgi Vict Nam liy \giig nhung kel qua thu dugc qua trinh tbirc nghiem o dc l;ii se ddng gdp bd sung vao qua trinh nghien ciru irng dung cdng nghe MQL cbo qua trinh lien cirng a ca phgm vi nude va ircn the gidi QUA TRJNll THUC NGHIEM / Nguven vgt lieu vd thiet hi thi nghiem Qua trinh tbi nghiem dugc thyc hien tren may tien vgn nang OKUMA LS365 Nhat Ban san xuat Chi tiet gia cdng lam bang vat lieu Thep 9CrSi (9XC) Kich tbirdc chiiu dai L = 550 mm, dudng kinh O60 Phdi dugc tien hanh tdi the tich dgt dg cung 56 ^ 58 HRC Dao tien 88(12): 169- 174 dugc sii' dung la dao tien ngoai Mui cat lam bdng vat lieu CBN, so hieu EB28, Han Qudc san xuat Ludi cdt cd cac gdc nhu sau: -6, , , , 15, 75, 0.8 (mm) Cac thi nghiem tuong ung dugc thyc hien vdi ca phuong phap: Sir dyng MQL Dau Igc, su dung MQL Emusil va khdng BT-LN (gia cdng khd) nham so sanh cac anh hudng lien quan ciia cac phuong phap BT-LN Dung djch su dung MQL Dau lac la loai dau san xual tgi Viet Nam Dung djch cd nhung dac tinh nbu sau: ly trgng cua dau lac d 30°C la 0,910 va nhiet dg ddng dac 2.5"C Dung djch sir dung MQL emusil la hdn bgp Emusil pha 10% vdi nude cat Dung djch emusil la loai dung djch BT-I N san xual tgi Trung Qudc Md hinh thi nghiem Md binh thi nghiem thyc hien de tai dugc gidi thieu tren binh Cbi tiet gia cdng dugc ga tren mam cap cbau ty djnh tam va mui chdng tam Sau kbi ga lap, phdi dugc kiem tra \ a gia cdng thd nham dam bao dp ddng tam tuyet ddi trirdc tien hanh cat thuc nghiem Hinh L Md hinh thi nghiem tien cirng su dung cdng nghe MQL Ddu lgc Trong do: Mam cap, Dao tien, Vdi phun MQL, Chi tiet gia cdng, Mui chdng tam, 6 ^a dao 170 IN guyen rvaug p u u i vu tJig au 1,111 rvi i\jnHOC Phuang phdp tien hdnh thi nghiem Md hinh ket ndi cac thiet bj do, kiem tra cac thdng sd thyc nghiem dugc trinh bay hinh Qua trinh tien dugc thyc hien vdi cbe dg cat V = 180m/pbiit (n = 970vdng/phiit), budc tien dao S = 0,15 mm/ vdng va chieu sau mdi ldp cdt lat = 0,1 mm Doi vdi qua trinh cat sir dung MQL, dung djch dugc nen vdi P = at sau dd dugc phun vao viing gia cdng thdng qua vdi phun dugc bd tri phia dudi dyng cu cat (binh 1) Luu lugng ludng dung djch phun vao vimg cdt tuong duong Q = ml/phiit Ddnh gid ket qud thirc nghiem Trong qua trinh cat, lyc cat dugc bang lyc ke phan (9257B) Kisler, san xuat tgi Thuy Sy Qua trinh danh gia ludi cat va be mat chi tiet da gia cdng dugc thyc hien sau tien hanh cdt 10 phut, 20 phut, 30 phut, 40 phut, va 50 phut Trudc kbi danh gia, cac mau ludi cat lien quan dugc lam sgch so bd va chup anh be mat bang may chyp SEM JEOLJSM- 6490, san xuat tgi Hoa Ky Miii dao dugc chyp ca mat trudc va mat sau de so sanh cac anh hudng tren cac be mat a> & CONG NGHE 88(12): 169- 174 KET QUA Hinh tong hgp kit qua chup SEM cua mQi dao sau gia cdng khd va gia cdng cd sir dyng MQL vdi cimg mdt phdng dgi Ket qua cbo thay, sy khac biet vl lugng mdn dao sau 10 phiit cat giua phuong phap gia cdng khd va phuong phap gia cdng sii' dung MQL Emusil la khdng dang kl Tuy nhien, kbi thyc hien qua trinh cdt den 30 phiit, lugng mdn ca mat trudc va mat sau d mui dao gia cdng khd xay tram trgng; dd miii dao gia cdng sir dung MQL Emusil thi lugng mdn xay khdng dang kl Kel qua thyc nghiem d Hinh cho thay lugng mdn dao mat sau tang nhanh ban lugng mdn dao mat trudc cimg mdt khoang thdi gian gia cdng nbu Khi gia cdng khd sau 10 phut cat lugng mdn dao da Idn ban so vdi gia cdng sir dyng MQL Emusil A KD May linh A/D May in I n in IV V Hinh Md hinh ket ndi cdc thiet bi thi nghiem I Khoi cam bien; II Bp khuech dai; III Bp chuyin doi; IV May tinh; V May in •c) -t'^jaKs-j^ ' t-,'j Hinh 3: Anh chup mui dao gia cdng theo cdc che dp khdc a: Gia cong kho sau 10 phiit cdt; c: Gia cong Sir dung MQL Emusil sau 10 phut cat; b: Gia cong kho sau 30 phut cdt; d: Gia cong Su Hung MQL Emusil sau 30 phiit cat 171 Niiuvcn Dani» Binh va Df^j 450 400 Igp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Bieu dd vl lugng mdn dao tren Hinh rd rang cd moi quan he ty le vdi bieu lyc cat tren I linh Cac moi quan he dugc chiirng minh va thao luan phan tiep theo -Gi.i cdng kh6 -MQL I musil E 350 ^ 300 = 250 I 200 I 150 100 50 -• 20 10 30 40 50 Hun )>i:iii cAI l|iliiill Hinh Quan hi) lugng mdn hs vd x thay ddi dung dich va phtnrng phdp BT-LN Sail 35 phiil c;it, mdn mat sau cua dao gia cdng khd lang 19% so vdi mdn ciia dao kbi sir dung MQL I'musil (Hinh 1) Ngoai ra, su anh budng ciia phuong phap gia cdng MQL den lugng mdn dao mat sau da cd sy khac biet Thai gian gia cdng cang dai thi sy chenh lech vc gia trj lugng mdn dao xual hien cang rd ret Sy thay ddi gia trj phan lyc cat Fy theo thai gian gia cdng kbi sir dung cac phuong phap BT-LN khac dugc trinh bay tren Hinh Theo dd, phan Fy kbi gia cdng khd tuan theo quy lugt ciia cac phuong phap gia cdng cd MQL Tuy nhien sau khoang boii 25 phut gia cdng lyc cat kbi gia cdng khd tang nhanh ban rat nhieu Lyc cat trung binh sinh qua trinh gia cdng cd sir dung MQL Dau Igc cbo thay thap \a tang cham ban so vdi cac phuong phap gia cdng cdn lgi 430 -Gia cong kho - M Q l f musil 330 MQl Dau l^c I ?30 = 180 130 rv=«=r 11 IR 25 32 39 46 53 60 6? Tbol giao cii (pbiit) Hinh Quan he Fy vd thdi x thay ddi dung dich vd phuang phdp BT-LN 172 88(12): Ipy- 174 THAO LUAN KETQUA Nbu da trinh bay phan trudc, hieu qua bdi Iran va lam ngugi ciia cdng nghe MQL Irong qua trinh gia cdng da dugc chirng minh [4], [5], [8] Kel qua thyc nghiem d tren cho thay, indl lan nua Dau Igc Viet Nam da phat buy vai trd bdi tron v;i lam ngudi mdt each ro ret su dung cdng nghe MQL ( the ndi rang, kbi qua trinh cat khdng dugc bdi Iron va lam ngudi cac anh budng co ly tir nhiet cat la nguyen nhan co ban dan den lirgng mdn dao tang dot nggt d phuang phap gia cdng khd the bien tren Hinh Ben canh dd, tac dung ciia MQL \ iec lam giam lirgng mdn dao qua trinh gia cdng da dugc Nakayama [1] va Tran Minh Dire [9] cimg cac ddng nghiep cua hg khang dinh bang thyc nghiem cac cdng trinh nghien cim bd ich O day, lan dau sir dung Dau lgc Viet Nam vao qua trinh MQL tien cung da cho ket qua bat ngd Cac ket qua khao sat d tren da khang djnb bieu qua ciia Dau Igc \ iel Nam vai trd bdi tron \a lam ngudi gia cdng cac \at lieu cd dp cirng cao Qua thyc kbi tien cirng phoi hinh la phoi day Song, phoi gia cdng hinh tbanb de bj be gay bon phoi tien thudng, va dd chimg ducrc tgo tbanb phoi dgng rang cua He sd ddn nen phoi danh nghTa (qua tinh loan) trirdc \a sau hinh tbanb phoi la lan Day la mgt nhung dgc diem cd anh hudng Id'n den ca die bdi tron \a lam ngupi theo cdng nghe MQL Kbi sir dung cdng nghe MQL, dung djch iron ngudi dugc tgo nen dudi dgng boi/suong trudc dugc phun vao viing cdt dudi mgt gia trj ap suSt ldn nhdt djnb Liic vdi kich thudc bat nhd, sire cang be mat cua hgt dung djch thap da tao dieu kien cbo cac hgt dung djch tron ngupi tham nhap vao vung cat de bon, nhilu ho'n Dudi tac dung ciia ap lyc luong dung djch, canh phoi dugc nang len tren so \ di mat trudc cua dao Cac ranh rang cua cd kich thudc nho Nguygn Dang Binh vd Dtg lap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE tren be mat phoi liic ddng vai trd la vimg chiia dung djch tron ngudi d dgng boi/suong [4] Do vay, co cbe bdi tron bien dgng da lam giam ma sat giua be mat phoi vdi mat trudc ciia dao Luu y rang, qua trinh gia cdng khd ma sat sinh giua be mat phoi vdi mat trudc cua dao la nguyen nhan chu yeu gay mdn Kit qua chup SEM vdi cimg mdt phdng dai cua cac mui dao sau kbi cat (Hinh 3) cho thay, hien tugng mdn xay d ca ban kinh ludi cat va d be mat sau ciia dao MQL la rat nhd so vdi qua trinh gia cdng thudng Dd la dau hieu chung minh sy anh hudng ciia co che MQL qua trinh lien Kbi tien cinig nhiet cdt sinh gia cdng tgi viing tiep xiic giua mat trudc ciia dao \a phoi la ldn nhat Day la viing tiep xiic trugt cd kbe hd hep, do dung djch khdng the tham nhap \ ao sir dung cac phuang phap BT-LN thdng thudng Trong dd, dung djch MQL dugc tgo nen d dang hoi/sucmg dd chimg cd the tham nhap vao vimg de thyc hien chii'c nang bdi tron va lam ngudi Dd dugc xem la ly mat trudc cua dao sir dyng MQL nhan hon so vdi gia cdng khd kbi quan sat bang SEM Phat hien tuong ty da dugc cdng bd d cac cdng trinh nghien ciru sii' dung cdng nghe MQL [9] Ngoai ra, trud'ng hgp gia cdng sir dung MQL cac hgt cung bong trde khdi vat lieu da dugc ddng ap lyc cao day ngoai tire thi Do vay, hien tugng cay, xudc be mat cac hat tgo nen tren be mat chi tiet gia cdng va be mat dao dugc bgn cbe, dao mdn it ban Cac anh hud'ng den lyc cat tren binh cho thay sy khac biet ve ca gia trj va sy phan bd theo thdi gian cdt Do mdn dao nhanh gia cdng khd da lam tang bl mat tiep xuc ciia dao tren cac be mat lam viec, lam tang ban 88(12): 169- 174 kinh mui dao, lam giam cac gdc d cac bd phan cat (gdc sau, gdc trudc) kbiln lyc cdt tang rd ret Dieu phii hgp vdi kit qua nghien ciru tuong ty da dugc cdng bo cua Nakayama va cac ddng nghiep [1] Lyc cdt kbi MQL diing hai logi dung djch emusil va dau Igc d 30 phiit dau tang khdng nhilu Trj sd ciia lyc cat tang tuyen tinh tuong irng vdi bieu mdn ciia dao Nhung cdt din 40 phiit thi lyc cat dimg emusil tang nhanh ban, chirng td liic dao cat da mdn den diem gidi hgn, cac kich thiidc gdc cua dao da thay ddi nhieu Ci thdi gian lyc cat (Fy) kbi sir dung MQL Emusil tang 13% so vdi trudng hgp sir dung MQL Dau Igc Dieu khang djnb hieu qua bdi tro'n hogc/ lam ngudi ciia Dau Igc cao ban Emusil KET LUAN Cac ket qua thyc nghiem va phan tich d tren da mdt lan nua khang dinh hieu qua BT-LN bdng cdng nghe MQL, ca vdi dung djch Emusil va Dau Igc Tuy nhien, kbi su dung MQL Ddu lgc, lyc cat, tdc mdn dung cu la thdp nhat, tudi ben ciia dung cu dgt dugc la cao nhat so vdi gia cdng khd va ca vdi MQL Emusil Kit qua biia hen se tgo mdt cdng nghe BT-LN mdi thda man tilt kiem cbi phi san xudt, dam bao ve sinh cdng nghiep, khdng gay d nhiim mdi trudng va bao ve dugc sue khde cho ngudi lao ddng Tim ra, cbirng minh dugc bdng ly thuyit va thyc nghiem uu diem ndi bat eua Dau lgc (mdt logi dau thyc vat rat sdn cd d Viet Nam) dimg lam dung djch tron ngudi cd tinh nang rat tot Thay thi cbo viec phai nhap khau Emusil phyc vu cdng nghe BT-LN qua trinh gia cdng co' Dgc biet ung dung cdng nghe sii' dung MQL Dau lgc cho qua trinh tien cirng 173 Nguyen Dang Binh i'd Dig Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE TAI LII, U THAM KHAO |1] K Nakayama, M Aral, T Kaiida (1988), "Machining characteristic of hard materials,' Annals of the CIRP, So 31/1, trang 89-92 [21 Y K Chou va 11 Song (2003) "Tool nose radius c/fccis on finish hard Ittrning .lournal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol 148, trang 259 2(iS [}] Ucda M A lluda, K Yamada, K Nakayama (1999) "Temperature Measurement of CBN Tool in Ttiniiiig of High Hardness Steel,'' Annals oithc CIRP, So 48'ltiang 63-66 [4] N.S I.iao, II.M Lin (2007) ••Mechanism cl)EKTHBH()CTll CO>K, MOCKBA 'MAIJJMHOCTPOEHHE" ABSTRACT THE STUDY ON EFFFECTS OF MQL USING PEANUT OIL ON TOOL LIFE IN HARD TURNING Nguyen Dang Binh', Tran Minh Due', Le Thai Son^'* 'College of Technology- TNU ' ;>i/j University of Technology Education The turning processes of hard steel 9CrSi prepared with CBN tool using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) of Peanut oil and Emusil were studied The MQL process was controlled with a pressure of 5atin and a flow-rate of linl/min .\s a result, the peanut oil \1Q1 performed better than that of the Emusil MQL and the dry cutting as \sell Thereb\, using peanut oil MQL resulted in longer tool life, lower cutting force It is now detlntel> approved that the peanut poll can play the role as a cooling and lubricting agent in the hard materials machining processes Key words: Peanut oil MQL Tool life Cuttlng)orcc Tel: 0912 435 816 174 ... trirdc tien hanh cat thuc nghiem Hinh L Md hinh thi nghiem tien cirng su dung cdng nghe MQL Ddu lgc Trong do: Mam cap, Dao tien, Vdi phun MQL, Chi tiet gia cdng, Mui chdng tam, 6 ^a dao 170 IN guyen... lugng ludng dung djch phun vao vimg cdt tuong duong Q = ml/phiit Ddnh gid ket qud thirc nghiem Trong qua trinh cat, lyc cat dugc bang lyc ke phan (9257B) Kisler, san xuat tgi Thuy Sy Qua trinh... cd kbe hd hep, do dung djch khdng the tham nhap \ ao sir dung cac phuang phap BT-LN thdng thudng Trong dd, dung djch MQL dugc tgo nen d dang hoi/sucmg dd chimg cd the tham nhap vao vimg de thyc