ghiên cứu thiết kế chế tạo máy chụp x quang cao tần y tế

NGHIEN CLPU - TRAO OOl ^ '^ NGHIEN CUtJ THIET KE CHE TAO ]VIAY C H U P X QUANG CAO TAN Y TE Ts Tran Ngoc Hiing, Ts Nguyen Thanh Nhan, Ks Tran Ihanh Hoang Vien May va Dung cu Cdng nghiep T6M TAT Cdng tdc chudn doan hinh dnh linh viic y te tieu bieu Id viec sU dung cdc mdy chup X quang ddc biet chu trgng bdi vi nhd vdo nd cdc bdc si cd the chan dodn dUdc cdn benh sau hdi chan ket hdp bien phdp kham thdng thudng khdc O cdc nUdcphdt trien viec sU dungphUdngphdp chan dodn hinh dnh sii dung rdt rdng rdi ddi vdi cdc benh nhdn vd gdn nhU Id bdt budc Hien tai tren the gidi vd nUdc dang sU dung mdt sd loai mdy X Quang khdc nhU mdy k thuat sd, mdy cao tdn hay mdy thudng quy Trong khudn khd bdi bdo ndy, chung tdi tap trung vdo gidi th nghien cUu, thiet kevd che tao loai mdy X Quang cao tdn thudng quy ABSTRACT The medical diagnostic imagingThe use of X-ray Machine (Conventional or digital radiography) especially important in medical diagnostic imaging Because, thanks to its magnifique results, doctors c agnose the disease, trauma & pathology after an consultation in combining with others conventional me measures In developed contries, diagnostic imaging step is used (sometime obligative) for almost cases in cal treatments Currently, in the world and also in our country, they are using many different types of X-ray mach such as: digital, high-frequency, or conventional radiography In the context of this paper, we focus on in ing our routine of research, design and manufacture of this high-frequency X-ray machine NOI DUNG Ky thuat chup X quang y te la ky thuat chan doan bang hinh anh lau ddi nhat, gan lien vdi phat minh tia X bdi nha vat ly hpc ngildi Diic Wilhemm Roentgen til hdi cudi the ky 19, vdi biic phim X quang ndi tieng, lan dau tien nhan loai ghi dilpc "anh sdng' cua xilPng ban tay ngildi TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM *•* Sd (Thang nam2011) S NGHIEN CLFU - TRAO OOl Tren cP sd nguyen ly chup xuyen thau, anh thu dupc la ket qua tUPng tac giiia cac md ca the vdi chiim tia X (cildng dp tin hieu anh ty le nghich vdi dp hap thu tia), ve ca ban, trai qua hang the ky phat trien, cau triic thiet bi X quang hau nhil khdng thay ddi, va bao gdm cac cum chinh nhil d hinh ve 1: Bd ngudn tia X: bao gdm bdng X quang, cap cao ap, ngudn dien cao ap cho bdng tia X; Hop phim, cam bien tia X: la cac bd phan ghi nhan anh tia X; Than may, bao gdm cdt bdng X quang, cac ban chup, gia chup ngildi benh va gia bdng X quang, kem cac cP cau dan ddng/dinh vi can thiet cho ky thuat chup cu the; He thdng dien ddng Ivlc va dieu khien thiet bi; huyen tren ca ntldc xap xi 900 dan vi, binh quan mdi benh vien can thiet it nhat 02 may, thi sd Idpng may mdi va may can trang bi lai, nang cap hoac thay mdi, len tdi gan 2000 chiec Ben canh khdi cac benh vien cdng lap vila neu, khdi cac benh vien til nhan, dang qua trinh phat trien nhanh ca ve sd lilpng va nang liic, ciing cd nhu cau rat cao, tide tinh cd the tdi khdng dtldi 500 may thdi gian tdi Do vay, nhiem vu trpng tam cua cac cP sd lam cdng tac trang thiet bi y te la trildc mat la phai trang bi mdi, thay the, nang cap thiet bi X quang cao tan cho cac benh vien tuyen cP sd cdng nhil khdi tU nhan mdt sd lilpng may khoang 2000 chiec trd len vdng 3-5 nam tdi Day chinh la mdt thi trildng, mdt ca hdi rat Idn cho nganh thiet bi y te cdng nghe cao nildc nam bat, phuc vu Sau mdt thdi gian nghien ciiu va nam bat cac cdng nghe ciing nhil hpc hdi til cac mau may dilpc san xuat tai cac nildc tien tien viec thiet ke che tao may X quang cao tan thildng quy Nhdm de tai da di theo hUdng thiet ke 01 may ma dd tich hpp phan hop phim len bd phan tay thu va phan bdng len bd phan tay phat(hinh ve 2) nham lam gpn bdt dien tich may ciing nhtl giam gia che tao, tao my quan nhiing van dam bao tat ca cac yeu cau ky thuat cua mdt may X quang chuan BONG XQUANG Hinh 1: md hinh tieu bieu cua mdy X quang le K Xuat phat tii thiic trang trang thiet bi cua tuyen cP sd (huyen, quan): vila thieu vila yeu Cho tdi cudi 2007, mdi chi cd tren 1000 may X quang cac loai ( non nila la may chup thildng quy), phan Idn Miy linh deu d tinh trang lac hau ky thuat, dang dxicsc trang bi cho cac tuyen ndi tren Day la cac may X quang cudi the he hai (stl dung ngudn cd cildng dp tia thap, tan sd thap), nen lieu chup cao, dan tdi anh hudng chat lilpng chan doan va siic khoe ngildi benh Ngoai ra, cac may cdn sii dung he dieu khien cP-dien hoac dien td analog, phim nhiia vdi cassette thtldng vila giam nang suat kham benh, ddng thdi cung khdng Hinh 2: Cdu true mdy X quang cao tdn IMI thiet kevd che tao hd trp chan doan chinh xac Vdi sd lilpng quan m TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM • Sd (Thang nam 2011) NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOl Tren cP sd tham khao nhiing mau may X quang dang cd tren thi trildng ntldc va qudc te, nhdm de tai da liia chpn va dila mau may cho phii hpp vdi dieu kien sd dung tai Viet Nam ciing nhil cd nguyen ly sii dung dpn gian va hieu qua cho ngUdi sii dung ciing nhtl benh nhan - Cum ban chup giiip cho viec chup cho cac benh nhan benh nang hay cac vi tri bat budc can phai nam chup Viec thiet ke va che tao phan dieu khien he thdng diia tren cP sd cac thiet bi nildc hien cd nham thay the cac thiet bi nhap ngoai de giam gia dila vao san xuat thd nghiem, vdi muc tieu nhdm de tai da nghien ciiu va thiet ke cac sP dd khdi, SP dd dieu khien cho may X quang thtldng quy(xem hinh 3) Toan bd thiet ke ve cP da dilpc nhdm de tai nghien ciiu va tinh toan cho phti hpp vdi dieu kien san xuat ntldc va dam bao an toan ciing nhu ve sinh y te Trong khudn khd bai bao chiing tdi chi dUa mdt nhUng nghien ciiu tinh toan cua mdt bd phan ket cau may dd la tinh toan thiet ke chpn Id so cang cap true chinh cua may Tu cap nsuon BodieuMiien VntB oven Xr>M c ^ v '*••0K0J7K-l:!f;| D- 'AC 'OK:;: F i i ; -VA jVAC.ftactoagfluy ngtldi sd dung thuan tien viec cd dinh vi tri can chup tren cP the benh nhan; Ta chpn ket cau Id xo ben true chinh, nguyen ly lam viec cua cP cau la can bang ddi trpng va cang cap theo phUPng dpc true chinh de phuc vu cho chuyen ddng len xudng cua true chU Z Vay vdi ket cau nhU tren, de phu hpp vdi yeu cau lam viec cua san pham ta can tinh toan, thiet ke Id xo cho phii hpp Vay ta cd the chpn thdng sd dau cho ca cau nhU sau: Dp dan ddng thdi cua Id xo dat vao ket cau Xj = 10 cm, Hanh trinh cua Id xo gian them X = 30 cm, Liic chuyen vao Id xo V = 2000 N, G= 8.10* N/cm^ (ling vdi Id xo hinh tru) Dieu khien vi tri chijf) Hinh 3: Sa dd khdi he thdng Dien, Dieu khien mdy X-Quang cao tdn thudng quy Ket cau cP cua may X quang cao tan thudng quy dUpc hieu gdm cd bdn cum chinh nhU sau; - Cum than may: bao gdm phan than may, cP cau cang cap, cP cau trUpt dpc true va cP cau quay w - Cum tay thu tia X: bao gdm cP cau ga bat hop phim, CP cau trUpt theo phUPng ngang bang truyen ddng xich Cum tay phat tia X: bao gdm ca cau ga lap dng phat tia X, cP cau trUpt ngang lien ddng vdi cum thay thu dUpc dieu khien d che dd bang tay giiip P • Hinh 4: Sd tdc dung lUc vdo 16 xo TAP CHf CO KHI VIET NAM • Sd8(Thang8nam20n) NGHIEN CIJU - TRAO 001 [T]= 0,3cr^ = 450 Mpa = 4,5.10^ N / c m ^ d n g suat xoan gidi han Vdi 6^=1500 Mpa (tra bang 19.2 chi tiet may tap 2) Vdi D =7,2 cm , ta tinh lai dUpc gia tri cua k = 1,2 ^, „ i S.P.D\n Tu [X] = , ^ , , ,, -^— ta rut so vong cua lo xo: G.d Dp gian cho phep Idn nhat cua Id xo: [X] = X + Xj = 30 + 10=40 cm n= [X] G.d4/(8.P.D3) = 40 8.106 14 /(8.2000.7,23) = 54(vdng) Nhu vay liic tac dung Idn nhat vao Id xo: Pmax = Pj.[X]/(4X,) = 2000.40 / 4.10= 2000 N Ta chpn va tinh thd vdi dUdng kinh day Id xo lan lupt la: d= 0,8cm; d= 1,0cm; d= 1,2 cm Kiem tra dp ben cua Id xo: ling suat tiep Idn nhat cua Id xo la: Tmax= %.P.D 8.2000.7,2 r = T- = 36688 N/cm2 n.d' 3,14.1' Tmax < [T] ,Vay Id xo du ben 1) Vdi d= 0,8 cm Ta tinh dUPc dUdng kinh cua Id xo vdi gia thiet k=l,3 ^ d\4T] D= 0,8\3,14.4,5.10' A:.8.P_ ^^ Ta tinh dUpc dUdng kinh cua Id xo vdi gia thiet k = l , l l = 4,1 cm ^^^ = 3) Vdi d= 1,2 cm 1,3.8,2000 Vdi D =4,1 cm , ta tinh lai dUpc gia tri cua k = 1,3 D= 8.P.D\n —, ta rut so vong cua lo xo: G.d n= [X] G.dV(8.P.D3) = 40 8.10* 0,8^ /(8.2000.4,P) = 118(vdng) ^^•^k] _ 1,2'.3,14.4,5 10^ = 13,8 cm k.S.P^ 1,11.8.2000 ^ , ,., TU [XJ = Vdi D =13,8 cm , ta tinh lai dUpc gia tri cua k = 1,11 Kiem tra dp ben cua Id xo: ling suat tiep Idn nhat cua Id xo la: ^ , ,,, S.P.D\n TU IX] = — ta rut so vong cua lo xo: G.d* ^ n= [X] G.dV(8.P.D5) = 40 8.10* 1,2^ /(8.2000.13,8') = 15,7 (vdng) 8.P.Z) Tmax= 8.2000.4,1 ncn^XT/ Kiem tra dp ben cua Id xo: tfng suat tiep Idn nhat cua Id xo la: = — = 40804 N/cm^ n.d' 3,14.0,8' Tmax < [T] ,Vay Id xo du ben cm^ S.P.D 8.2000.13,8 Tmax= ^ ^ = ; = 40693 N/ n.d' 3,14.1,2^ Tmax < [T] ,Vay Id xo du ben 2) Vdi d= cm Ta tinh dUpc dudng kinh cua Id xo vdi gia thiet k=l,2 ^ (5^'.;Tfr] 1.3,14.4,5.10 D = k.S.P' ^ = 1,2.8.2000 = 7,2 cm ^ ^ TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM •t* Q^ gj^ tj^j^t ve dUdng kinh day Id xo deu dap ling yeu cau dat ra, de phii hpp vdi ket cau san pham d day ta chon Id xo cd cac thdng sd sau: ^ J , cm; D=7,2 T-^ -7 ocm; n= 54 c^ (vdng) / TAI L I E U T H A M KHAO: Cac tai lieu cua hang Swissray-Thuy Si Chi tiet may tap 1, 2; Nguyen Trong Hiep; NXB Giao due- 2009 Thiet ke chi tiet may; Nguyen Trong Hiep va Nguyen Van Lam; NXB Giao duc-2010 Tinh toan thiet ke he thong dan dong co khi, tap 1, 2; Trinh Chat va Le Van Uyen; NXB Giao due- 2006 TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM *•* So (Thang nam2011) S ... tich may ciing nhtl giam gia che tao, tao my quan nhiing van dam bao tat ca cac yeu cau ky thuat cua mdt may X quang chuan BONG XQUANG Hinh 1: md hinh tieu bieu cua mdy X quang le K Xuat phat... thiet bi X quang hau nhil khdng thay ddi, va bao gdm cac cum chinh nhil d hinh ve 1: Bd ngudn tia X: bao gdm bdng X quang, cap cao ap, ngudn dien cao ap cho bdng tia X; Hop phim, cam bien tia X: la... tuyen cP sd (huyen, quan): vila thieu vila yeu Cho tdi cudi 2007, mdi chi cd tren 1000 may X quang cac loai ( non nila la may chup thildng quy), phan Idn Miy linh deu d tinh trang lac hau ky