Một phương pháp tính toán, thiết kế máy CNC 3 trục gia công gỗ chất lượng cao

NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D6\ MOT PHU-aNG PHAP TINH TOAN, THIET KS MAY CNC TRUC GIA CONG G CHAT Ll/QNG CAO A METHOD CALCULATION, DESIGN THE AXIS CNC ROUTER WOOD MACHINE IN HIGH QUALITY PGS,TS Pham VSn Hiing, TS Le Due Bao, TS Nguyin Thi Ngoc Huyen Trudng Dai hoc Bach Khoa Ha Npi TOM TAT Hiin nay, vi^c bdo ton, ton tgo cdc di sdn vdn hoa nu&c vd gia cong cdc sdn phdm my ngh§ npi ngogi thdt ngdy cdng tdng cd vi so lugng vd chdt lugng Do suphdt triin cdc he mdy dieu khiin so linh vg-c gia cong go la cdn thiet Trong bdi bdo ndy, nhom tdc gid da phdn tich cdc hpa tiit dien hinh & cdc cong trinh vdn hda, tic lua chpn phuong dn vd thiit ki sa dpng; Dua gidi phdp tinh todn thiit ki kit cdu, chi tgo thiit bi theo nguyen tdc modun hda Mdy phay CNC gia cong go tich hgp he thong dieu khiin hien dgi dua trin nin tdng cong ngh4 CAD/CAM/CNC, co khd ndng phuc vu triing tu, ton tgo cdc cong trinh vdn hda nu&c cung nhu gia cong cdc sdn phdm go npi, ngogi thdt thay the cdc thiet bi ngogi nhap Tir khda: Mdy phay CNC; Mdy gia cong go; Tinh todn thiet ki mdy CNC ABSTRACT Nowaday, the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage in the country and processed products interior art is increasing in both quantity and quality The development of computer numerical control system in the field of wood proces is needed and many scientists interest In this paper, we analy of typical wood workpieces in the cultural, choose diagram of CNC machine; then design, calculation machine folowing the principle of manufacturing modules This machine is integrated modern control system by the application of CAD/CAM/CNC and has serving restoration and renovation of cultural facilities in the country as well as processed wood products interior and exterior replace the imported machines Keywords: CNC machine; Router wood machine; Caculation, design of CNC ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 1+2 nam 2015 wvvTv.cokhivietnam.vn machine.^ i I NGHIEN cufu-TRAO 061 l.DATVANDE Gia cdng cac san phlim gd npi ngoai that cho eae cdng trinh van hda, di san truyen thdng cua Viet Nam, dung cac may CNC gia cdng gd 2D va 3D vdi chuyen dpng tao hinh theo phuong phap phay, tien hoac trung tam gia cdng, sd true chuyen dgng cd the 3,4 hoac true Gia cong CNC cd thi tao hinh dugc cac be mat hoa van phiic tap,franhthdng, be mat bieu tugng cac linh vat hoac cac tugng khong gian Viec nghien ciiu thiet ke, ehe tao va tich hgp thilt bi CNC frong gia cdng gd ndi ngoai that cd kich thudc Idn la giai phap ky thuat cao, thuc su la cka thilt cho muc tieu tri va phat frien gia tri van hda truyen thdng, dam net dan gian Dong thdi la co sd eho viec xay dung dgi ngu thiet ke, che tao va tich hpp ddng may gia cdng gd ky thuat eao tai Viet Nam, lam chu ky thuat cao, tinh vifrongcac san pham xuat khau Hinh Phuong dn sa ddng mdy CNC true 2.2 Thiet ke, che tao co" may CNC gia cong gS Vdi xu hudng ehe tao may hien dai theo nguyen tac modun hda, cd the lua chgn dat cac option khac phu hgp yeu cau ve ky thuat va tai chinh May gia cdng gd CNC true duoc thiet ke, che tao theo tung cumriengbiet gom: NQI DUNG NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 So' nguyen ly may gia cdng g5 - Thiet ke may CNC gia cdng gd kich thudc Idn phuc vu trung tu, sua chua cac di tich van hoa nhu: Hoa van cua cac biic vach; Khung cua; Cac biic hoanh phi; Cau ddi hoae be mat cd hpa tiet phiic tap 2D1/2 De dam bao tinh cdng nghe, lira chpn phuang an thiet ke may CNC true gdm: Chuyen ddng chinh (true chinh) la chuyen dpng quay tron cua dao de tao van tde cat; Chuyen ddng chay dao true chinh mang dao thuc hien va dugc din ddng bing dpng COriengbiet chuyen dpng tinh tiln theo ba phuong X, Y, Z; Ban may mang phdi diing yen So dl ddng cua may CNC true dugc thi hienfrenhinh - Cum than may CNC: Than may dugc thiet ke ed kich thudc Idn diing de ban may, cot diing, xa ngang, lap dudng din hudng, lap bao che Phuong an thiet ke chi tao than may la dung thep hop kich thudc I OOx 100x4 va thep tam Than may dugc nang cao chat lugng voi phuong phap td hgp vat lieu Composit - He thdng ban may, kep phdi: Ban may cd kich thudc 2400x1500, dugc thilt kl dang ban may cd ranh chir T, ghep td cac khung nhdm dinh hinh dam bao ciing viing Co cau kep phdi sii dung ddn kep theo tieu chuan [6] cac dang phdi phang, Idn - He thdng gdi do: Cac gdi dd tai cac ngdng true vit me bi la cum chi tiet tieu chuan duoc ga lip vdi than may Gdi dd cho cac true X, Y, Z kiim nghiem dii bin cho gia cdng g6 ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 1+2 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN cufu-TRAOe6l - He thong true chinh: Dugc dan dpng true tiep bang dpng ca liln true, didu Idiien vo cap Item theo driver Dong co g4n lien true chinh CO ky hieu GDZ - 100 - 3, cong suit 3000W, s6 vong quay max =24000 v/ph phii hpp voi may gia eong g6 (2) IQ- Trong dd: f - He so phu thudc kieu lap dat fren true vitssme, vdi kieu lap dat cua may CNC true thilt k l 15p kieu chan - tiiy d p n g f = 15,1 Thay vao cong thiic (2) tinh toan dupe d^ ^ 22 mm Tren ca sd budc vit me, dudng kinh chpn so bd true vit me ky hieu 25-I0-B2 FSV cua hang HIWIN cd budc vit me t = 10mm; Dudng kinh vit me Dm = 25mm Tuang tu tinh toan eho true X, Z, chpn so bd true vit me true X, Z ky hieu 32-10-B2 FSV vai chilu dai true vit me true X: L = 3000 mm; chieu dai true vit me true L = 420 mmm Trong do: 1) Bdn mdy; 2) Thdn mdy; 3) Bao che; 4) True vitme true Y; 5) Ddn hu&ng true Y; 6) Dudng dan hudng bi cho cac true X, Y, Du&ng ddn hu&ng; 7) He thdng true chinh Z dua fren tai frpng dpng tinh toan C^ = 135kgf, Hinh 2: Phan thiet ke co mdy phay CNC true tai trpng tinh tinh toan C,, = 210kgf, chpn so gia cdng gd bd dudng dan hudng bi hang OZAK dang - He thdng true vitme bi va dudng dan frdn, ddi vdi dudng dan bi true X, Z cd ky hieu GTAW30, ddi vdi dudng dan hudng bi true Y hudng bi dang trdn cho true X, Y, Z True vit GTAW25 me bi cho true Y cd chilu dai cho trudc L 1500mm, van tdc yeu cau cua may: v ^ 4m/ph; He thdng dan ddng chay dao: Tren tdc dp vdng quay cua ddng co n^^ ^ 1500 v/ eo sd tinh toan momen phat dpng cua may M ph; Van tdc chay Ian nhk khong gia cdng = 4.2N/m, theo cdng thiic tinh toan cdng suat ^max~ 14m/ph; tai frpng ddng theo tinh toan: C^ dpng CO (3): = 2240 kgf, tai frpng tinh theo tinh toan: C^^ 5896 kgf fJ^^^.T, (W) (3) Trong do: Budc cua vit me: -n^ax 1500 (1) n - Tdc dp quay cua dgng co n^ 2000 v/ph Tl - Hieu suM cua dpng co 1^=0.8 Chgn t = 10 mm Dudng kinh chan ren true vit me bi theo cdng thiic: Cdng suat dpng co tinh toan P = 703W, chpn dgng co dan dpng cho true X, Y, X su dung ddng ca lai (Hybrid seevo motor) cdng suat^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi V I £ T NAM, Sd 1+2 nam www.cokhivietnam.vn 2015 NGHIEN cufu - TRAO eOl 750W, n ^ 3000v/ph Ddng ca Hybird cd uu dilm so vdi dgng co budc thdng thudng la khdng hi tieu hao nhieu ve nhiet, momen, lam viec em va chinh xac ban Ddng co gan lien true chinh co ky hieu GDZ - 100 - 3, cdng suat 3000W, sd vdng quay max =24000 v/ph phu hgp vdi may gia cdng go SO du lieu anh: May anh, may scan, may quet hoac dien tho^i smartphone, dua vao may tinh xu ly bang phin m i m xii ly anh JDPamt, xuit file chuong trinh NC, truyin dir lieu vao may CNC, ga dat phdi fren may, iiy chuin may, chuin phdi va gia cdng theo chuang trinh trfin phan mem NC Studio 2.3 Thilt k l he thdng dilu khien m^y CNC He thdng dieu khiln CNC: Nhan thdng tin tir chuang trinh NC, xu ly va xudt tin hieu dilu khien cac ddng ca truyin dpng tao hanh frinh dich chuyen eiia dung eu gia cdng H? thdng dieu khien theo chu trinh kin cho may phay gd CNC vdi Encoder giam sat cac true chuyen dpng Hinh - So dd nguyen ly dilu khien toan may CNC true ; ., - £k Hmh 4: Xu ly thong tin tren mdy CNC tryc Tich hpp phan di8u khi§n (tu di6u khiln) va phan co tao nen may CNC hoan chinh dupe thS hien tren hinh ^ / -ã^"p r i !.. j^: ô ^ Ti/- ^ Hinh 5: May CNC gia cong gdBKRW20l4 PHl/ONG PHAP GIA CONG GO TREN MAY BKRW2014 Hinh 3: Sa nguyen ly dieu khiin Qua trinh xu ly thong tin may CNC dupe the hien qua so da hinh Tir co Hinh Inh chgpui m^tlnh Phinmim Cad True CAD/CAM/CNC dupe sil dimg cho thi& bi hien dai gia cong go vtf quy trinh dupe the hien hinh Phin mim Cam G-code , PhinmM CNC Hinh 6: Sa nguyen ly xir ly dnh cho mdy ISSN 0866 - 7056 T A P C H i C O K H i V I $ T N A M S d 1+2 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn GlacOngMr m^CNC NGHIEN cufu-TRAODOI Cct sd du lieu la cac hinh anh ehup di cac cdng^ trinh can triing tu (cau ddi, hoanh phi, xagd, ciia gd, vach, ) hoac anh miu thu vien Dir lieu anh dugc dua vao phan mem CAD xu ly, t€p tin dugc vao phin mim CAM de md phdn§ gia cdng Cac thdng sd gia cdiig nhu thdng sd dao, tinh chit vat lieu gd, chilu sau cat, lugng chay dao dupe nhap vao phin mem Tien hanh md phdng va xuit chuong trinh gia cdng t$p tin NC chiia cac lenh G - code su diing cho phan mem dilu khiln may CNC (hinh 7) KET QUA CHAY THU' NGHIEM Miu san phim chay thir nghiem ban dau: Tranh gd "Chua mpt cdt " cd kich thudc I70x340x8mm va "Khue Van Cac" cd kich thudc 430x620x10 mm Anh du lieufrenhinh 8, hinh 9: Hinh 7: Sa xir ly, hieu chinh dnh phdn mem dieu khien Phan mem dieu khien may nhan tep tin chiia chuong trinh gia cong, tien hanh md Hinh 9: Khue Vdn Cdc phdng gia cdng tren phan mem Neu qua trinh md phdng khdng phat sinh loi thi chuang frinh Tren co sd dir Heu anh hinh 8, hinh da se thuc hien gia edng that fren may Cae san xu ly, xuat chuong trinh chayfrenmay CNC pham thu nghiem duprc gia cdngfrenmay CNC true BKRW - 2014 vdi cac thdng sd ky thuat true la cau fra Idi eho sir cdng eua may ehay thii nghiem bang f 1: Che gia cong STT Ten birc tranh Lo^i go Kich thin^c mm Che gia cong Chi d$ gia c6ng thd Che d9 gia cong tinh Chua Mpt C9t G5de 170x340x10 - So vong quay tryc chinh: 15 OOOvong/ - So vong quay true chinh: !5,000v6ng/ph - Bucrc tien dao Ion nhat 4000mm/ph - Biroc tien dao Ion nhat: 4000mm/ph -Chieu sau cat Ion nhSt 7mm -Chieu s3u cat Ion nhat: 7mm -Dung cu cat: goc cat 30", ban kinh mui -Dung cu cat' goc cat 300, ban kinh miii dao 0.4mm dao 4mm -Thai gian cat: 0,3 ca -Then gian c5t: 0,3 ca Khue G6^p nhSn 430x620x10 -So vong quay true chinh: 18.000v6ng/ph -Bupc tien dao Icm nhat: 4000mm/ph Chieu sau cat Ion nhat 10mm -Dung cu cat- goc cJt 30", ban kinh mfli dao 0,4mm -Thoi gian cat: 0,3 ca van Ckc ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VI$T NAM, Sd +2 nam 2015 wTvw.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D | Thdi gian gia cdng fren may CNC Uric BKRW-2014: - Gia cong franh CHUA M Q T C O T : 4h - Gia eong tranh KHUE V A N C A C : 2h30ph Hinh anh san pham sau gia cdng Chua Mpt Cot va Khue Van Cac dugc the hien fren hinh 10 MayphayCNCgiacdnggoBKRW2014 dugc thiet ke, che tao va thih toan hoan chinh vdi cac thdng sd ky thuat sau: - Kich thudc toan may: 3500x2300x 1800mm; Hanh trinh tdi da ciia dung eu: 2400xI300x230mm; Cdng suat true chinh: kW; nmax 24000v/ph; - Tdc dp chay dao tdi da: 4000mni/ph; - Kich thudc phdi Idn nhit cd thi gia cong: 2200x1100mm; - Dp chinh xac: 0,2mm - Da dupe kiim dinh QUATESTI; - Kha nang ket ndi vdi thilt bi ngoai vi: USB, Rs 232, mang Lan, Wifi; - True X, Y, Z: True vit me bi, dudng din hudng bi May CNC true BKRW20I4 dupe thiet ke, che tao, tich hop cdng may CNC true BKRW2014 tao dilu kien dl phat triln ddng may gia cdng cac tranh gd dupe fram khac tinh vi, dac biet la fram khac tren cac bl mat tru phuc vu trung tu eae chi tilt dang cot kich thudc Idn frong cac cdng trinh van h6a.*> Ngay nhan bai: 05/01/2015 Ngay phan bien: 14/02/2015 b) Khue Vdn Cdc Hinh 10: Sdn phdm dd gia cdng tren mdy CNC trgc Tai li^u tham khao: KET LUAN [1] Trinh Chat, Le Van Uyln; Tinh todn thiet ki May CNC tryc BKRW - 2014 dugc hi ddn dong ca khi, tap 1, 2; NXB Giao due, 2006 [2] Nguyin Quang Hung, Trin Ngpc Binh, Dong thilt ke theo nguyen tie modun hda khac biet ca buac - KI thudt diiu khiin vd img dung, NXB so vdi cac may CNC dang cd tren thi trudng Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, 2003 nhap ngoai su dung dudng din hudng bi va [3] Ta Duy Liem; He thdng dieu khiin so true vit me bi May cd kha nang md rdng tinh mdy cdng cu, NXB Khoa hpc Ky thuat, 2001 nang, linh hoat frong viec thay ddi mlu ma, [61 Nguyen Tien Diing; Fundamental ofelectny-eleclronic chat lucmg cua san pham gd npi, ngoai thit, dap circuts; NXB Bach khoa - Ha Npi, 2010 ling dupe tien cho phuc hdi va trung m cac [7], G E Thyer; Computer Numerical Control of cdng trinh di tich van hda Machine Tools, Second edition; NXB Butterworth -Heinemann, 199L ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 1+2 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn ... -Chieu s3u cat Ion nhat: 7mm -Dung cu cat: goc cat 30 ", ban kinh mui -Dung cu cat'' goc cat 30 0, ban kinh miii dao 0.4mm dao 4mm -Thai gian cat: 0 ,3 ca -Then gian c5t: 0 ,3 ca Khue G6^p nhSn 430 x620x10... thilt bi CNC frong gia cdng gd ndi ngoai that cd kich thudc Idn la giai phap ky thuat cao, thuc su la cka thilt cho muc tieu tri va phat frien gia tri van hda truyen thdng, dam net dan gian Dong... cJt 30 ", ban kinh mfli dao 0,4mm -Thoi gian cat: 0 ,3 ca van Ckc ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VI$T NAM, Sd +2 nam 2015 wTvw.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D | Thdi gian gia cdng fren may CNC