KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE ANH HITONG CUA LOAI KEO VA LlTONG KEO De'N C H A T LLTONG V A N SAN CONG NGHIEP Ao^L deudJL tlCgA ke^ Lai Ph^m Van Chinmg' I DAT VAN fife Tren thi gidi hlf n nhu edu sd dung van san gd cho cac cdng trinh xay dyng rat Idn Ddi vdi cac can hp hien dai, cdc khu vdn phdng Idn, san gd cdng nghiep dang dupe lya chpn nhu mpt giai phap hiiu hifu cho vifc thay the van san gd tu nhien Sii dyng san gd cdng nghifp tilt kifm rdt nhifu chi phi, ma vdn giii dupe ve d^p ty nhifn, am ciing cho ngdi nha Tai Vift Nam, vdn san gd cdng nghifp da trd nen khd phd bien cd gid thdnh hpp Iy, gid trj sir dung cao, mdu md, mau sac da dang, phong phu Tuy nhifn dl ndng cao gid trj sii dung cua vdn, chiing ta phdi xdc ldp vd lya chpn cdc tham sd cdng nghf, cac yeu td cdng nghf san xuit phii hpp Co rat nhieu yeu td dnh hudng din chat lupng san pham van san lo^i keo va lupng keo dan Id ylu td quan trpng cin dupe nghien curu D I san xuat vdn san eiin phai sii dyng mdt lupng rat ldn keo ddn Trfn the gidi hifn nay, xu hudng la sir dyng cac lo^i keo dan khdng ddc, than thifn vdi mdi trudng, dd la cac lo^i keo cd hdm lupng lupng fomaldehyde ty thap ho§c khdng phat thai fomaldehyde Keo dap iing dupe yeu cdu Id cac loai keo cd ngudn gdc ty nhien, keo gdc Isocyanate, keo PVAc Trong timg trudng hpp cy thi, sir dyng keo gi, lupng keo sir dyng la bao nhifu dl vira dam bao chat lupng san phim, vCra dam bao hifu qud kinh te Id van de can dupe quan tdm nghien ciiu n V^T lApi VA PHirONG PHAP NGHlfeN CtTU Vdt lifu nghifn cihi a Cay Keo lai Keo lai la ten gpi tdt de chi gidng Keo lai ty nhifn gi&a Keo tai tupng {Acacia mangium) vd Keo la tram (A auriculiformis) Mpt sd kit qua nghifn edu cho thiy kha ndng sinh trudng, phdt triln cay Keo Iai c6 uu the vupt trpi so vdi cdy bd m? Bang Tinh chdt vgt ly, co hgc chu yeu ciia gd Keo lai Thong so Trisd Khoi lupng the tich d dO dm 12%, g/cm* 0,55 Hiit nudc sau 24h ngam nudc, % 21,2 DO CO rut, % 0,59 - Dpc thd 3,73 - Xuyfin tdm 7,61 - Tiep tuyIn Dp ben n6n dpc thd, MPa 62,35 DO ben uon tTnh, MPa 88,6 Mo dun dan hdi, MPa 7500 b Keo ddn Qua nghien ciru tai lifu, tim hilu ket qua cua nhung nghien cdu trudc, chiing tdi thay Poly Vinyl Acetat (PVA) va Emulssion Polymer Isocyanate (EPI) la lo^i keo dang dupe sd dyng rat phd bifn san xuat van nhdn t^o ndi chung, van san cdng nghifp ndi rieng Chung tdi chpn loai keo ndy nghifn curu vdi mong mudn tim bdn chat sy anh hudng cua loai keo vd quy ludt dnh hudng ciia nhimg miic keo khac den chat lupng sdn phdm lam CO sd cho viec lya chpn \o^\ keo, lupng keo phii hpp tiing trudng hpp cy the Bdng Thdng sd ky thugt chd yeu cua keo P -1 ISA TT Thong so ky thu§t D^ng tdn t^i Mau s^c H ^ lupng khd, % DO nhdt, Cps Dg pH Khdi lupngrieng,g/cm^ Mang keo Phaloang Trj so, d^c diem NhQtuong Trdng si^ 35 ±1 48000-64000 4-5 1,054 D^o va tiong Cd the them nudc loi da 5% ' PGS.TS Tnrdng Dai hgc Liiin nghi?p TAP CHl CONG NGHJiP NONG THON - SO - 2011 21 16 KHOA HOC - C6NG NGHI; Chi tieu kythu^t Bdng Thong sdky thudt chit yeu cda keo Synleko 1985/1993 Synteko 1985 Synteko 1993 (chit ddng rIa) Trang thdi Long Ldng Mau sdc Trang Hoi ndu Dp nhdt UOOO-22000 mPas (Brookfield LVT, sp4, 6rpm, 25''C) 150-700mPas (Brookfield LVT, sp2, 30rpm, 25''C) pH 6-8 Thfri gian bdo qudn thdng {tai SQ-C) thang (tgi 20''C) Dieu kifn bao qudn Nhiet bao quan tir S-SS^C Nhiet dp bdo quan tii 5-35"C San p h ^ CO the t?o mang d bl m3t nlu Sdn phim cd thi tao mang bl m^t thiing chira khong dupe d6ng kfn nlu thiing chira khdng dupe ddng kin Neu sdn phim bj dong ciing thi khong thi NIU san phim bf ddng ciing thi khdng lam tan va sii dyng l^i the lam tan va sii dung lgi Keo CO thi b| phdn ldp sau 1-2 thang bdo qudn, sy phdn !dp khong lam dnh hudng din chit lupng ddn dfnh nlu khuiy diu trudc sii dyng Formaldehyde ty thang (tai 30°C) 12 thing (tgi 20°C) D^t dugc chuan F**** Phuong phdp nghien ciiu d Phuffngphdp ke thira - Thu thap thdng sd Keo lai dupe ke thira tu nhiing nghien ciru trudc Thdng sd vl keo dan P-115A, Synteko 1985/1993 dupe tim hifu qua nha cung d p va tren thj trudng b Phuffng pltdp th^c nghidm Thyc nghifm t?o mdu thi nghifm theo logi keo va lupng keo khac c Kiem tra citdt lucmg sdn phdm Su dyng tieu chuin JAS SE-7 (Nhdt Ban) vl kifm tra chit lupng van san gd cdng nghifp Dg dm cua sdn phdm • Kich thudc mdu: 100 x 100 x t, mm (t - chilu day mdu) - Dung lupng mlu: 10 mdu/miic thi nghifm - Phucmg phdp xdc dinh: Mau dupe can bdng can difn tir cd dp chinh xdc 0,01g va dupe can sau gia cdng mdu (mi) Sau say mdu d nhift dp 103 ± 2°C cho den mdu khd kift Dua mdu vdo binh hiit dm, lam ngupi den nhift dp phdng, tien hdnh can mdu (mo) - Cdng thirc xdc djnh: MC = "''~'"''xlOO(%) (1) Trong do; MC - dp Im tuyet ddi san phim, %; mi- khdi lupng mdu trude sly, g; mo- khdi lupng mdu khy kift, g Khoi lugng thi tich sdn phdm - Kich thudc mlu: 100 x 100 x t, mm (t - chilu day mdu) - Dung lupng mdu: 10 mdu/miic thi nghifm - Phuong phap xac djnh; Diing thudc k^p c6 df chinh xac ±0,02 mm de chieu dai va chieu rfng mdu; diing thudc k?p Panme cd dp chinh xac ±0,01 mm df chilu day ciia mlu; diing can difn tir c6 dp chinh xac ±0,01g de can khdi lupng mlu - Cdng thiic xac dinh; -iglcm') Trong dd: (2) y - khdi lupng the tieh, g/cm ; m - khdi lupng mdu, g; V - thf tich mau, cm\ 22 TAP CHf CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO - 2011 KHOA H O C - CONG N G H E Dd ben ddn dinh cua mdng keo - Kich thudc mdu; 75 x 75 x t, mm (t - chilu ddy mlu) - Dung lupng mau: 10 mau/miic thi nghifm - Phuong phap xdc dinh: Cho mau vao binh va dun nong nudc ndng 70 ± 3°C gid, vdt de rdo 15 phut dieu kifn thudng va dem say vdi thdi gian gid d nhift dp 63±3°C, sau sly xong ta lly mau de ngupi 10 phut vd dp dai bong tach trfn mdng keo Dp ben dan dinh dat yeu cau dp bong tdch mang keo nhd hon 30 % so vdi chieu ddi ciia mdt mang keo Dg vdng udn - Kich thudc mdu: 750 x 100 x 15mm - Dung lupng: 10 mdu/ mpt che dO - Phuong phdp xdc djnh: Mau thii dupe ddt tren hai gdi dd, khoang each giira hai gdi dd la 700 mm, tien hanh gia luc 03 lan, iln I gia Iyc 3kg sau nha tdi gia luc 7kg, so sanh dp vdng gi&a tai 3kg vd tdi 7kg Lan vd iln lam tuong ty lan Mdu dgt tieu chuan la mau cd dp vong giita hai iln khdng chenh Ifeh qud 3,5 mm Doi vdi tinh chat kilm tra theo chieu dpc thd van ldi III KET QUA NGHIEN CU'U VA THAO LU^N Cff sdly thuydt a Anh hudng cita logi keo Ly thuyet dan dinh da chirng minh rang cac lye lien kit ciJa mdi ddn phy thufic rdt nhilu vao sy hinh thdnh cac cau ndi boa hpc giSa chung Mdi logi keo cd cau true phdn tii khac se co cdc cau noi hod hpc khac ve sd lupng va dgng lifn kft, kit qud Id cudng dp dan di'nh se khdc Vi vay cdn lua chpn keo dan phii hpp vdi edng nghf, vdi myc dich su dyng, dam bao chat lupng sdn pham De lya chpn keo dan can cdn cii vao rdt nhilu yeu td nhu: cdng nghf sdn xuit, chit lupng sdn pham, gia san pham Khi sii dyng van san mdi trudng khdc thi yeu cau vl chdt lupng ciing khdc Vdi sdn pham can cd cudng dp chju uon cao, mdng keo chong dupe mdi trudng Im nhift, chat lupng mdi dan tdt thi nfn dimg ede logi keo cd khd ndng chju Im, nhift Ngupe Igi, vdi sdn phim van su dyng de san xuat mpc, thu cdng my nghf Id logi sdn phim thudng xuyfn tiep xiic vdi eon ngudi, cudng dp khdng yeu cau qua cao thi cd thi sir dyng cac logi keo cd nguon goc ty nhien hode tdng hpp, ham lupng fomaldehyd ty thip, khdng dpc hgi dk dam bao siic khde cho ngudi su dung Trong nghien ciiu chiing tdi sii dyng keo Synteko 1985/1993 (ddng keo EPI) vd keo P - 115A df nghien ciiu anh hudng ciia loai keo tdi chdt lupng van san cdng nghiep san xuat tir gd Keo Iai Day la logi keo dupe dimg rat nhieu vd dupe ddnh gid la keo eho chit lupng dan dinh phii hpp vdi san xudt gd npi that Tuy nhien, sii dyng cho san xuat van san cdng nghifp thi mdi loai keo tao chdt lupng san pham khac nhau, kit qud nghien ciru la eo sd lya chpn logi keo phii hpp cho tirng myc dich su dyng san pham van san b Anh huang ciia lugng keo Khi thyc hifn qud trinh dan ep cdc Iyc lien ket ciia moi dan phy thupc rat nhifu vdo sy hinh thdnh cac cau noi hda hpc giira chung So lupng cac cau ndi phu thupc vdo lupng keo trang Lupng keo trdng tren mpt difn tfch bl mgt khdng du s€ khdng tgo dupe tinh Hen tyc cua mang keo, sg khong dii sd lupng cac cau noi hod hpc, Idm cho chat lupng mdi dan kem, truong nd chieu day Idn, khd nang bong tdch ldn Lupng keo tdng Ifn, tnrong nd chifu day giam, bong tach gidm, nhung neu lupng keo qud ldn Idm chieu ddy mang keo tdng, sinh npi iimg sudt mdng keo ddng rdn dan den cdc khuyet tgt nhu gidn, bong tach va ldng phi keo dan Lupng keo trdng Id mpt nhdn td anh hudng tryc tiep den chat lupng san pham, cdng nghf san xuat va gia thdnh sdn phim Vdi mdi logi van nhan tao kliac thi lupng keo trang khac Vifc lira chpn lupng keo trdng ngodi nhihig yeu to ve vgt dan, edng nghf san xuat ta cdn phai cdn cii vdo thdng sd k^ thugt ciia keo vd edn cii vdo hifu qud kinh tl, gia san pham Ket qua nghifn cuu thuc nghifm a Thuc nghifm tgo vdn mdu Thyc nghifm tgo van cho gd Keo lai vdi logi keo P - 115A va Synteko 1985/1993 vdi miic vl lupng keo trang: ISO g/m^ 200 g/m\ 250 g/m^, 300 g/m^ San phim van sdn mau cd kieh thudc: 800 x 100 XISnun Thdng sd vdn loi (lap giira): Vdn loi dupe san xuat vdi cdc thdng sd nhu sau: - Nguyen lifu go: Gd Keo lai - Chat kit dinh: P -115A, Syntenko 1985/1993 TAP CHl CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO • 2011 23 KHOA HOC - Kich thudc co sd: 10 x 19 mm, dupe say din dp Im 8-12% Thdng sd vdn mdng ldp mat: Vdn mdt dupe sdn xuat vdi cac thong so nhu sau: - Van mdng tii gd Keo Iai, dupe siiy din dp am 6-8% - Chieu day van mat gom logi kich thude khac sir dung cho ldp va ldp ngodi van san; lmm va 2mm Che dg ep: -Nhiftdpep:30±2°C - Ap suit ep: 1,2 MPa Thdi gian ep: 60 ± phiit b Ket qud kiem tra mgt so chi tieu chat lugng sdn pltdm • Kiem tra khdi lucmg the tich ciia sdn phdm Ket qua bang cho thay khdi higng the tich nhin chung khdng thay ddi nhieu so vdi khoi lupng the tich ban diu ciia go, su chenh If ch tri sd khdi luong the tich d lupfng keo va loai keo la khdng nhieu Ket qua phan tich phuang sai s\r anh hudng cua loai keo va luang keo din khdi lupng thi tich ctia san pham cd gia tri Pr>F ciia Io?i keo la 0,067 Idn ban >0,05, cd nghia la loai keo khdng inh hudng din khdi luprng thi tich cda san phSm Nhimg gia tri Pr>F cua lugng keo la 0,045 nhd ban 0,05, cd nghia la lupng keo anh hudng den khdi lugng the tich ciia san phim nhung khdng dang kl - C6NG NGH£ • Kiem tra bong tdch mdng keo sdn phdm Ket qua bang cho thay miic bong tach d loai keo \k khac nhau, d ca l o ^ keo klii lupfng keo tSng, bong tach giam nhimg vdi keo Synteko 1985/1993 luong keo tdng din 300g/m^ thi bat dau cd hifn tugng tang dp bong tach mang keo Phan tich phucmg sai su inh hudng cua logi keo va lugng keo den bong tich mang keo, gia tri Pr>F ciia loai keo la 0,0001 nhd hon 0,05 cd nghia la loai keo anh hudng rat ldn den dp bong tach ming keo • phdm Ket qua kiem tra vong udn cua sdn Ket qua bang cho thay san phSm ldm tir keo Synteko 1985/1993 cd dg vong uon nho hon san pham lam tvr keo P - 115 A nhung ciing mgt loai keo thi su thay ddi lugng keo anh hudng khong dang ke den dg vdng u6n Ket qua phan tich phuang sai su anh hudng cua l o ^ keo va lugng keo dfin vdng udn ciia san phim cd gia tri Pr>F cua loai keo nhd hon 0,0001 cd nghia la loai keo anh hudng rat ldn den vong uon ciia san pham Nhimg gia tri Pr>F ciia lugng keo li 0,056 ldn hon 0,05 cd nghia la lugng keo khdng inh huong den dp vdng udn ciia sin pham Bang Anh huang cua logi keo va lir^g keo dSn khdi lugng the tich cOa san pham g/cm^ Keo P - U S A fiac trirng thong k§ 24 Keo Synteko 1985/1993 Lurofng keo, g/m^ Lirgng keo, g/m^ 150 200 250 300 150 200 250 300 X,b 0,57 0,57 0,58 0,58 0,57 0,58 0,59 0,59 S 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,02 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,03 s% 5,31 4,95 5,09 2,99 2,51 2,44 3,04 4,47 p,% 1,37 1,28 1,31 0,77 0,65 0,63 0,79 1,15 Q9S%) 0,02 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 TAP CHl CONG NGHlgP NONG THON - SO - 2011 KHOA HOC - C N G NGHfi Ban] S.Anh hu&ng cita logi keo va 'uang keo din bong tach mdng keo.mm Keo Synteko 1985/1993 Keo P - 115A fiac trimg thong kS Xib Lirgng keo, g/m^ Lu-yng keo, g/m^ ISO 200 250 300 150 200 250 300 27,08 23,04 18,44 6,07 2,66 2,01 1,16 4,02 S 7,74 6,37 5,63 3,51 1,61 1,09 1,29 1,43 s% 28,60 27,64 30,51 57,90 60,43 54,09 110,72 35,57 p,% 6,39 6,18 6,82 12,95 13,51 12,10 24,76 7,95 C(95%) 3,39 2,79 2,47 1,54 0,71 0,48 0,56 0,63 Bang fl Anh hudng cua logi keo vd lugng keo din dg vong udn cua sdn phdm.mm KeoP-115A Dac trimg thong ke Keo Synteko 1985/1993 Lirgng keo, g/m* Lirgng keo, g/m^ 150 200 250 300 150 200 250 300 Xib 0,91 0,99 1,02 0,90 0,84 0,86 0,84 0,85 s s% 0,07 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,04 7,16 15,08 10,03 5,33 5,94 5,89 6,03 5,24 p,% 2,26 4,77 3,17 1,68 1,88 1,86 1,91 1,66 C(95%) 0,04 0,09 0,06 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,03 IV K£T LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Ket luan Qua ket qui nghien ciru anh hudng cua loai keo: P - 115A, Synteko 1985/1993 vi muc sOr dung lugng keo (150, 200, 250, 300g/m^) den chat lugng sin phim van sin cdng nghiep tir go Keo lai cd the dura mpt sd kdt l u ^ nhu sau: Trong dieu kifn khdng chd tit ci cic ydu td thugc ve vat dan va thong sd cong nghf ep, thiy loai keo, lugng keo thay doi dan den chit lugng van thay ddi - tit ca cac mdc keo, san pham lam tir keo Synteko 1985/1993 co ben dan dinh, dd ciing (dg vdng uon) cao hon lim tir keo P-115 A - Trong dai thi nghifm, ming keo P - 115A cd dp bong tach nhd nhit d lugng keo 300g/m^, Synteko 1985/1993 cd dg bong tach nhd nhit d lugng keo 250 g/m^ Kien nghi San pham lam tir keo P - 115A co dg vdng udn thap va mang keo khdng chiu dugc Im nhift cao Vi the san phim van sin lam tiJr keo P - 115 A nen sir d\mg nhiJng trudng hgp: - Sd dung d nhihig noi kho rao thoang mat vi cd dp am thap, cd mii che; - Chiu tai trgng nhd Sin phim iim tiJr keo Synteko 1985/1993 co chat lugng mdi din va tinh chat ca hgc tucmg ddi tdt, mang keo chiu dugc im vi nhift cao d tit ca cac miic keo Vi thd sin pham co the su dung d mgi diSu kifn TAP CHf CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO - 2011 25 KHOA HOC - C O N G N G H E Lugng keo trang cho chit lugng van san cdng nghiep tir gd Keo lai tot nhat: - Ddi vdi keo P - 115A: 300g/m^; - Ddi vdi keo Synteko 1985/1993: 250g/m^ TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Pham Van Chuang, Nguyin Hftu Quang (2004), Cdng nghe sdn xudl vdn nhdn tgo tap I (Vdn ddn vd vdn nhdn tgo dgc biet), Nha xuit bin Ndng nghiep, H i Ndi 2, Pham Van Chuong (2010), Nghien ciru tgo vdn sdn cdng nghiep tir gd moc nhanh rimg trdng, Dd tii d p Bg Nong nghiep v i Phat triSn nong thdn, Ha Ngi Frihart, C R., "Wood Adhesive Structure and Strength" Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall - The Proceedings of the SWST Intemational Workshop on the Assessment and Impact of the Cellulosic Cell Wall, Blackwell Publishing, L H Goom and D Stokke, Eds., Oxford, UK, 2005 Japanese Industrial Standards JIS K 6852 1994 Testing methods for shear strength of adhesive bonds by compression loading JAS-SE-7 "Japanese for flooring" agricultural standard EFFECTS O F TYPE O F GLUE AND GLUE SPREAD ON QUALITY O F ENGINEERED W O O D F L O O R I N G P R O D U C T I O N OF HYBRID ACACIA WOOD {Acacia mangium x Acacia auriculiformis) Engineered wood flooring is a wood composite material that form layers, the layers of wood are joined together by adhesive (glue) Therefore the quality of products depends on three factors: board material, adhesive and pressure driven mode, hi this article we present the results of research on the effects of type of glue and the glue spread to some quality criteria of the engineered wood flooring as layers made from Acacia wood hybrid In terms of controlling the elements of the paste material (wood, moisture content, quality of processing), presses parameters (pressure, temperature, time pressure) to see what kind of glue, glue of change quality to change games, hi all of the glue used, flooring products are constrained by a glue paste 1985/1993 Synteko strength paste adhesive, resistant to heat and humidity have a larger drive when using Poly vinyl acetate adhesive P -115A Nguoi phan bien: TS Nguyin Nang Nhirofng Yuan cdy keo iai duac tic gidng su dung cong ngh? cdy mo - gidm hom d xd Hoa Quang Bdc huyen Phu Hoa, tinhPh^ Yen Anh: MINH NGUY$T TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP N N G THON • SO - 2011 ... NGHfi Ban] S.Anh hu&ng cita logi keo va ''uang keo din bong tach mdng keo. mm Keo Synteko 1985/1993 Keo P - 115A fiac trimg thong kS Xib Lirgng keo, g/m^ Lu-yng keo, g/m^ ISO 200 250 300 150 200... dp bong tach mang keo Phan tich phucmg sai su inh hudng cua logi keo va lugng keo den bong tich mang keo, gia tri Pr>F ciia loai keo la 0,0001 nhd hon 0,05 cd nghia la loai keo anh hudng rat... Bang Anh huang cua logi keo va lir^g keo dSn khdi lugng the tich cOa san pham g/cm^ Keo P - U S A fiac trirng thong k§ 24 Keo Synteko 1985/1993 Lurofng keo, g/m^ Lirgng keo, g/m^ 150 200 250 300