Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o ^ D A N H G I A H I E N T R A N G V A DE X U A T C(iC BIEN PHfiP KIEM SOfiT PHfiTTHfil KHI NHfi KINH nganh cong nghiep khai thac va che hien than Viel Nam This paper presents the current status of greenhouse gas emissions in Vietnam's coal industry, forecast emissions in 2020, emissions reduction targets and control measures to reduce emissions for coal industry NhCrng th^p ky gan day, th4 gidi cjac bi^t quan tam, lo ling nhan th^y n6ng cac nha kinh (KNK) quyin dang tang len nhanh chong, chu yeu cac hogt dOng phat thai qua miKC cua ngu'O'i, iam gia tang hieu irng nha kinh va dan den nhi^t trai dat tang len vdi t6c chu'a ti>ng co qua khu' Bien d6i hau (BDKH) tac dong nghiem d6n moi tru'dng sinh thai, de dpa cuoc song cua toan the nhan logi va mgi sy s6ng tren hanh tinh chung ta Nham chung tay cung vdi the gidl Lfng vdi BDKH, Viet Nam da phe chuan cong u-dc khung cua Lien hi^p qu6c ve bien doi hau (UNFCCC) thang 11 nam 1994 va phe chuan Nghi djnh thu- Kyoto thang nam 2002 Ngay sau Nghi dmh thu- Kyoto co hieu Itfc thi hanh nam 2005, Chinh phu va cac bo nganh lien quan da xay dteng muc tieu, chl4n lu-oc, k§ hoach hanh dong, to chifc thyc hi^n Nghi dinh thuKyoto phu hop vdi ke hoach phat triin kinh te xa hpi cua ca nu'dc Tren the gidi, nganh san xuat than hang nam phat thai khoang 400 - 450 trl?u tC02-e, chiim 1,2 -1,4% tong lu-ong phat thai KNK toan cSu, va chiem khoang - 8% lu-ong phat thai metan ngu'di tao [1] Tai Viet Nam, nganh Than la mot nhu'ng nganh kinh t i cong nghiep mui nhgn cua dat nu'dc, d6ng thdi du-oc danh gia la mpt nhi>ng ITnh vi/c co lu'ong phat thai KNK khong nho Do do, kiem soat phat thai KNK nganh Than la mpt nhong muc tieu quan trong, khong nhiJng gop phan thyc hien muc tieu chung Ccng vdi BDKH cua dJit nu'dc, ma la co hOi de hien dai hoa nganh Than, tien tdi phat trien ben vO-ng, TS LE D C C NGUYEN ThS- DINH VAN CU'O'NG KS DUONG D C C HAI va nnk Vien Khoa hoc Cdng nghp Md - Vinacomin Bien tap: TS Truing Duv Du than thien vdi moi tru'dng, d6ng thdi mang lai hieu qua kinh t i - xa hoi tu" nguon tai chinh va cong nghe tien tiin chuyin giao tu" nhijng dy an "Co c h i phat triin sach" (CDM) Bai bao tdng hop rnpt so ket qua nam thiJ nhat thu-c hien nhiem vu "Xay dyng cac bien phap kiem soat phat thai nha kinh nganh cong nghiep khai thac va c h i biin than phu hop vdi dieu kien Viet Nam", thugc "Chu'ong trinh muc tieu Qu6c gia Cpng vdi bien doi hau cua Bp Cong Thu'ong nam 2013", vdi cac npi dung: danh gia hien trang phat thai KNK nganh Than Viet Nam; de xuat myc tieu, Ig trinh va cac bien phat kilm soat phat thai KNK nganh Than Bk danh gia hien trang phat thai KNK nganh Than, tren co sd hu'dng dan cua Ciy ban Lien Chinh phu v i thay d6i hau (IPCC), nhom tac gia da xay dyng phu'ong phap diiu tra, danh gia phu hop vdi nganh Than Viet Nam, tap trung vao hai loai KNK chinh la CH4 va CO2 Cu the nhu' sau: - Phat thai via than tie cac mo him 16, du'oc xac djnh tren co sd du' lieu dac tryc tiep lu'u lu'ong, phSn gio sach vao mo, gio bin thoat khoi mo tai cac ci>a 16 thong gio, bang may c^m tay, tram quan trac ty dpng va iJiy m i u phan tich phong thi nghiem S6 lieu gio tai m5i mo du'oc thu thap ca nam diiu tra 2013, m i i thang mot gia tn trung binh TCr do, xac djnh lu'u lu'ong thoat thang va nhan vdi thdi gian thang d i tinh toan lu'ong phat thai Phat thai cua mo nam diiu tra bang tong phat thai 12 thang xac dmh tai tat ca cac eu'a 16 thong gio KHCNM s d 12/2014* CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo - Phet thai cac cong aogn sau khai thac than ham 16 duoc u'oc luong tren cc so cac dif lieu ve san luong than nguyen khai (JNK) nhSn vol he s6 phat thai trung binh tren moi tiin TNK Theo hu'ong din cua IPCC, he so phat thai trung binh cac cong dean sau khai thac co the du-cc xac anh bang 30% chCra tu- nhien cua than [2] - Phat thai KNK Su dung nang lu'gng (SDNL) du'gc u'o'c lugng tren eg sg t6ng nang lu'gng, nhien lieu tieu thu nhan vol he so phat thai trung binh tren mot dgn vi nhien lieu He so phat thai trung binh d6i vol cae loai nhien li$u tieu thu ph6 bien nhu' xang, dau diesel, dau mazut, V.V dugc eung cSp boi IPCC [2] - Viec dgc triJc tiep lugng vfa than thoat qua trinh khai thae lo thien thyc te khong kha thi (do lap ti>c khuSch tan vao quyen) Mgt khac, theo kinh nghiem cua IPCC, cac mo IQ thiSn thifong phat thai it hgn nhi4u so vol cac mo ham 16, mac du san lygng than la tygng dygng, nguyen nhan cac vFa than nam sau long dit thyo'ng co chya ty nhien Ign hgn nhieu so voi cac vfa than nam gan mgt dat VI vay, theo hyo'ng d i n cua IPCC, phat thai ty nguon dygc ygc lygng bang phygng phap tiSp can sy dung he so phat thai Do viec xac dinh chya cua than khai thac lo thien thygng khong dygc thyc hien, nen he s6 phat thai cac eong dogn khai thae va sau khai thac lo thien sy dung gia tri trung binh dygc cung elp bgi IPCC [2] Nhom tac gia da tiln hanh dilu tra, khao sat, thu thap so ii#u tai 10 mo ham 16 viing Quang Ninh gom; Mgo Khe, Nam M i u , Vang Danh, Hong Thai, Ha Lim, Dygng Huy, Thong Nhit, Quang Hanh, Khe Cham va Mong Dygng T6ng hgp ket qua dieu tra t h i hien bang Kit qua dilu tra cho thiy, tong lygng phat thai KNK tgi eac mo dygc dieu tra la 711 103 tC02H, Trong do, phat thai cong dogn khai thac than h i m 16 la 603.190 tC02 dung nang lu-ong /^ (khong liiiii (Jien) u b ^ a) Theo cic ngudn phit thai b) Theo loai hinh Hinh T^ Id phit thai KNK nginh Than nam 2013 Hinh BiPu dd tdng lugng phit thai hp s6 phit thai KNK tai mpt s6 md him Id Hinh Biiu so sinh phit thii KNK cua nginh Than Viet Nam vdi nginh Than mpt s6 nudc trin thi gidi KHCNM SO 12/2014'* CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o Bang Du bao phat thai KNK nginh than glai doan 2014 -2020 Warn Dan vf 20)4 20)5 20)6 2017 20)8 20)9 52.5)3 55.025 56.955 2020 San lugng HfT 45.9)5 50.760 52.245 57.905 Ham lo 10"T 23.570 26 960 28.835 30.568 33 180 35 665 37.070 L6 thien 10'T 22.345 23.800 23.410 21.946 21 845 21 290 20,836 HSPT tCOiJT 0,0367 0,0371 0,0376 0,0383 0,0388 0,0394 0,03S7 Him a tC02 /T 0,0483 0,0483 0,0483 0,0483 0,0483 0,0483 0,0483 LO thien tC02 /T 0,0244 0,0244 0,0244 0,0244 0,0244 0,0244 0,0244 Phit rctcoi- i.eas 1.384 ).965 2.013 2.137 2.244 2.301 H i m 16 10tCO2< 140 1.303 1.394 478 1.604 1.724 1792 Lp thien lO'tCOz^ 646 581 671 635 533 519 508 thii cao so vgi the gigi -TCf kit qua nghien cCfu noi tren, kit hgp vgi ke hoach phat thin san lygng cua nganh Than, nh6m tae gia da tinh toan dy bao mifc phat thai KNK nganh Than giai doan ty din nam 2020 (bang 2) Kit qua eho thay, niu khong ap dung cac bien phap giam phat, thi din nam 2020 nganh than se phat thai khoang 2,3 trieu tC02-e, tang 744 nghin tC02-e so vgi myc phat thai nam 2013, tygng dygng tang g i n 50% He s6 phat thai trung binh nganh Than se tang tif 0,0364 tC02-e/T vao nam 2013 len 0,0397 tC02.e/T vao nam 2020, tygng dygng tang 9% so vgi nam 2013 Ra soat cac van ban chi dao cua Dang va Nha nygc ve yng vgi biln doi hau [4,5] cho thay, neu phan b l theo GDP, d i n nam 2020 nganh Than cingiamphat thai KNKtrenm6i t i n than khai thae (giam he so phat thai) khoang 10% so vgi nam eg so' 2010 Uac tinh he so phat thai KNK nganh Than vao nam 2010 la 0,0346 tC02-e/T Nhy vay, vao nam 2020, he so phat thai se phai khoang 0,0311 0,0318 tC02