Tổng quan về nghiên cứu ứng dụng chế phẩm nano để xử lý nước thải có hàm lượng kim loại nặng cao

Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghp m o W" J T N G QUAN VE NGHIEN CfltJ iTNG DVNG CHE PHAM NANO DE X I T L Y N i r d C THAI CO RAM LUQ^G KIM LOAI N.ANG CAO TS Nguyin Qu& Thjnh, ThS Le Thanh Ting Vten Khoa hgc Cong nghe Mo - Vinacomin Bien % ; ThS Hoang Minh Himg Trong ctic hogt d(ng Idiai thdc vi chi biin than vd khoing sin mdt lugng lin vit lifu thai dugc tgo ra, gdy nhOn anh hu&ng xiu den mii trudng TVong di nuac thai dugc xem la ngudn nhiim chinh vdi khdi lugng tin Tivn viit nay, cic tic gii didi cdp din vi4c ung dtmg cic sin phim nano di xu ly nudc thii cd ham lugng kim logi ning cao Qud trinh khai thdc than vd khodng sdn ldm phdt sinh mpt lupng Idn chit thdi, gdy tdc ding tilu cue din chit lupng mii tm'dng Trong d i nudc thdi Id nguin thdi gdy i nhiim chinh vdi khii lupng rit idn vdi khodng hon 150 tripu m3 nudc thdi dupe xu ly hdng ndm (TKV, 2015) NhOng ndm qua, vdi quylt tdm kilm sodt vd xii ly dat tidu ehuin nguin nudc thdi cing nghidp khai thde vd ehi biln than, Tdp dodn Cing nghidp Than - Khodng sdn Vilt Nam dd c i nhilu gidi phdp vd eing nghd diitfc ip dgng d l xii ly vd kilm sodt nguin thdi trdn Tuy nhidn, dii vdi nhOng nguin thdi e i hdm lupng edc chit i nhiim Idn, ddc bl|t Id thdnh phin cde kim loai Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb eing ngh| xi> ly tuong dii phirc tap, lupng tidu hao hPa chit Idn, chl phi vdn hdnh cao Hipn vdi su phdt triln ciia cing nghd nano, dd c i nhilu ung dgng d l xu 19 hilu qud cdc nguin nudc thdi bj i nhilm vd c i tinh ehit phirc tap Nhdm ndng cao hl|u qud vd budc diu tilp cdn vdi mpt phuong phdp xii' ly mdi cho nudc thdi mi, bdi bdo ndy dua nhi>ng ddnh gid ting quan v l kha ndng ung dgng cua vdt lidu nano xii i^ nguin thdi e i hdm lupng kim loai ndng eao Khdi nifm v l cing nghf nano vd tilm ndng Crng dyng cing nghf nano Cing nghd nano Id ngdnh eing ngh| lidn quan din vide thilt kl, phdn tich, chl tao vd img dgng cde clu tnje thilt bj vd hd thing bdng vide dilu khiln hinh ddng, kieh thudc trdn quy m i nano mdt (nm, Inm = Wm) kieh thudc nano, vdt lidu se e i nhO'ng tinh ndng dd' ,4t md vdt li|u tnjyIn thing khing cd duoc, dp id KHCNM S 11/2016 • MOI TRI ONC MO su thu nhi kich thudc vd vile tdng didn tich mdt ngodi (ty 1| edc nguydn tu' trdn b l mdt Idn so vdl ting thi tieh hat), dp, tdng eudng hoat tinh hia hpe eua vdt lidu y tudng CO bdn v l cing nghd nano dupc dua bdi nhd vdt 11 hpc ngudi My Richard Feynman vdo ndm 1959, Ong cho ring, khoa hpc dd dl vdo chilg sdu cua clu tn^c vdt chit din timg phdn tu', nguydn tii' vd vdo sdu hon nOa Nhung thudt ngO' "cing nghd nano' mdi bit diu dupc sir dgng vdo ndm 1974 Nario Taniggchi mPt nhd nghidn ciru tai trudng Bai hpc Tokyo su dgng d l d l cdp khd ndng chl tpo cig trOc vi hinh eua mpch vi didn tu' NhO'ng ndm 1980, nhd su ddi ciia hdng loat cdc thilt bj phdn tich, d i cd kinh hiln vi dig d i qudt (SPM hay STM) c i khd ndng qgan sdt din kleh thudc vdi nggyin tU' hay phdn tir, ngudi e i thi quan sdt vd hilu r l hon v l linh vuc nano Cing nghd nano bit diu dupc diu tu nghidn ciru vd phdt triln mpnh md - Sir phit triin cua cdng nghf nano ci thi duvc phin chia theo cic glal dofn: + Giai doan thCr nhit; Clu tnJc nano thg dpng (vdt lidu kim loai, polymer, gim c i kich thudc hat cd nanomit, mpt s i linh kidn don chuc ndng ) * Giai doan thir hai (tir 2005): Clu tnie nano chu ding (linh kidn da ndng, co clu din ding nhu bp cam biln, din truyin thuie ) + Giai doan thu ba (tir 2010); H I thing clu true nano (hp thing lip rdp ed chi din, hd thing nii kit mpng 3D, ngudi mdy hd thing da thdnh rhin tuong tde) Thong tin khoa hpc cong ngh$ m o m + Giai doan thir tu (ttr 2015); H I thing nano xO ly, didn tich edng trinh xi> ly nhd d l ddng phdn tu dupre tieh hpp, thuc hipn chire nang vdn hdnh vd quan ly su dgng Trong ung nhu t l bdo dpng vdt, cac hp thing ed thir tide dgng d l xu ly nirdc thai, eing' nghp nano cho phdp xu ly nhirng bp phdn nho nhit cua vdt bdn cde hp thing, mdy tinh AON - Tiln nSng cua cdng nghi nano xu ty chit Khi hoat dpng d kich thudc nano se lidn kit cdc nguyen tu vd phin tir d l khai thdc d l ntfdc thii: ddng hon cdc ddc dilm eua vdt chit NhOng * Kich thude nano cho phdp xii ly nhung tip Ong dgng chfnh cua cing nghd nano fTnh phdn nhi nhit eiia vdt chit Hoat dpng d kieh VI/C xu ly nudc: thudc nano se lien kit edc nguyen tir vd phdn a) Hip phy chit nhiim mrdK thil tu d l khai thdc dd dang hon cac ddc dilm cua vdt chit Giing nhu xdy dung mpt m i hinh tir Xil ly nirdc bdng hip phg thudng dupc gpi nhiing vidn gaeh Lego, chung ta se hinh dung Id qud frinh loai bo cdc chit gdy i nhilm cd hai v l vide tao edc vpt lieu mdi hodc thay dii eac nudc bing cdch hip thg n i vdo b l mdt vdt lieu eO Trong cdc irng dgng nhu ipc nudc, cua mpt vdt lieu nano Ky thudt hip phg dupc cde vdt lidu cd thi dupe ldm mdi hodc dilu chmh su dgng nhilu cho vide iopi b i cdc chit i nhilm d l ipc sach cdc kim lopi ndng vd die t i sinh hpe hOu ca vd kim loai ndng Vdt lidu nano cd didn + Nguydn tie ehu ylu cua edc cing nghd tich b l mdt rit Idn, khd ndng hip thg eao, hoat nano id giai quylt edc khdn v l ky thudt di tinh b l mdt Idn, d i ldm tdng ndng hip xu ly cdc chit i nhilm nude, bao gim vi thg vd hidu qua xu 1;^ cdc chit gdy i nhilm khuin, virut, asen, thijy ngdn, thuie bao vp thue Vdt lidu nano carbon, vdt li|u nano exit kim loai vdt vd mgii Cing nghd nano dam bao edc giai vd spi nano la mpt nhOng vdt lidu dupe phdp hilu qud vd bin vOng hon vl sir dgng edc nghidn cOu ehlnh cho vin d l ldm sach nude hat nano d l xu ly nude it gdy i nhilm hon so bing phuong phdp hip phg Mpt tinh ndng tgylt vdi cde phuong phdp truyin thing vd dii hoi it vdi khdc cua tilu hit cdc hpt nano bdm dinh c i kha ndng thay thi / tdi sinh vdi phuong phdp xCr nhdn eing, vin, dit dai vd ndng lupng -I- Cdc chit xiic tdc nano vd cdc hat nano tir ly don gidn, ldm tdng tuii thp sO dgng C i thi k l din edc nghidn ci>u v l su dgng tinh Id nhCrng vi dg v l cing nghi nano cd thi biln nudc i nhilm ndng thdnh nudc uing, hpp cde hat nano tu tinh (Fe,0,) ciia Gupta AK vd vd sinh vd ldm nudc tudi Cdc chit xiic tdc c i nnk [4], Kim YC vd nnk [5] eho thiy hat nano sit kich thudc nano c i cdc ddc tinh xuc tdc hidu tir tinh hip thg tit d l iopi b i arsen c i ning dp qua hon Chiing ed thi phdn hiiy v l mdt hia khodng 1-50mg/l vdi cd dilu kipn xu ly theo m l hpc cde chit i nhilm thay vl ehi diy ehung din vd xu ly vdl ding chdy dig Nghidn cOu dupe noi khdc (bd thdi, bun thdi), k l cd cdc chit i img dgng d l xu ly cdc chit i nhilm nudc, nhilm md edc cing nghp hidn cd xii ly khing cg thi Id khu asen nudc ngim Ngodi ra, hidu qua hodc dii hii chi phi cao Cdc hat nano nano tO tinh cin dupc su dgng d l xu ly cde tir tinh c i didn tich b l mdt idn ty id vdi thi llch nggin nude mdt, giup ldm sach vd phgc hii tu eiia chiing vd e i thi d l dang lidn kit vdi cdc tinh cua nude, giiip nd thim thiu tit hon hia chit Trong cdc Crng dgng v l xi> |i^ nudc, Ngodi ra, dii vdi lopi vdt lidu hip thg dupc edc hat nano tir tinh cd thi dupe diing d l lidn img dgng ngdy c i thi kl din vdt lidu nano kit vdl edc chit i nhilm nhu asen hay diu mi sit hia trj khing (nZVI - Nano-Zero Valent Iron), d l loai b i cde chit i nhilm bing nam chdm s i t hod tri khing Id sit d dang kim loai nguydn Ting quan cdc nghidn cihi trdn t h i gidi ti Cdc hat nano cua sit hod tn khing c i khd v l irng dgng cing ngh$ nano xip y ndng khO cdc phdn tir hOu co c i hai, khu tmng vd loai b i kim loai ndng nudc Khi dupc nu'dc Nhirng ndm gin ddy, vi|e nghidn ciru vd img phdt tdn mii tnrdng nudc, nguydn t i sit dgng cing nghd nano xu ly nudc nhdn kim loai nhanh ehdng bj ixy hia d l hia tan Fe dupc nhilu su quan tdm vdi nhCrng uu dilm (II) vd tu to ehuyin hia thdnh ion Fe (III) Trong nhu: Xu ly tit nguin thdi ed nhilu tap chit suit qud trlnh oxy hia, n i c i thi ldm gidm chit gdy i nhilm Idn cdn nhu mpt sit v i co hay mit 0 Hal Nana n O j Mdng TFN ,A CO - h c K i c , crin An^ Nanci Uang tar u^ng copotymar tu i L HJ XU^ » r qinn ^-'vl *- M.v>3 ,-.- -ii-h -rv- kMngioc a6c n Cdc dSn MiAl Sff (*j (ling quan nhirng Crng dgng cua cdng nghi nano xd ly nudc Hidn nay, cong ngh$ xu* ly trdn dd dap Cmg du^c (lOppb) y6u c^u cua ch^t lu-prng nu-drc xa thai sau xu* - Nguyin Thj Nhung va Nguyin Thj Kim ly Tuy nhifin, d6i vdi nhung ngu6n thai co ham Thutmg [1] thuOc Vi^n Oja chit, Vi0n Khoa hpc luvng kim loai n$ng cao (chu y4u tir cac nha vd C6ng ngh$ Vi$t Nam dd nghidn CCPU kha m^y tuy^n khodng, nhd mdy Iuyen kim) vi0c xu- ndng tdch loai chi (Pb**) nu6c bing nano ty ti§u t6n nhi^u h6a ch^t vd quy trinh xi> ly phu-c sat kim loai Kit qua cho thiy, hi$u suit tdch tap, c^n chta thdnh nhi^u bac (tdng d4n dQ pH Pbj* cua nano sdt Id 325g PB/1kg nano s i t d l i ddkhi> cac kim loai n$ng, hadQpH bdngaxitde VCTi hdm lifting P b / ban d i u S50mg/L va nano dat tidu chuiin tpjac xa thai) sit Id 0,1g/l; moi tRfcrng pH tir 4,5+7,5; thfifi gian USn quan d^n nhung nghifen CLPU d l XLP ly phan Lrng la 10 phut Hi^u suit xi> ly ciia nano nguin thai c6 tinh chSt tuong d6ng vdi nuKrc sit g i p i l n so vdi su- dgng b$t s i t thipomg mai thai mo, d n\rdc ta, nhung nam vCra qua, d§ c6 - Thilu Quic Hdn [3] thu$c Vien Khoa hpc nhung c6ng trlnh nghien CCPU sau: vd Cong nghe Qudn sg* dd nghidn cuu vd ldm - Pham van Lam [2] thupc Phbng V6 ca - chu duvc cong nghe nano d l XLP ly n\jrdc thai, Vien Hoa hpc da nghien CLPU che tao va ijng su* dgng v^t li^u t l hvp nano kim loai h6a tn dgng cong he th6ng xu- ty nu^c nhiSm khong tren n l n vdt lidu nano sat Lfu dilm cua asen vd kim logi su- dyng cdng ngh§ NanoVAST c6ng nghe nano so vcri cdng nghe vi sinh tmyln Ddy du^c coi Id m0t giai phap loai bo asen vd thing Id rnidc thai sau xi> ly dat tidu chuin cdc kim loai n$ng hi^u qua, an todn va kinh xh xa thai QCVN 40 2011/BTNMT (Quy chuin ky C6ng ngh$ t6 hcrp v^t li^u NC-MF vd NC-F20 thudt quIc gia v l chit lu'p'ng nu>crc xa thai); kha c6 uu dilm n6i trOi Id h^p phy v mui cao, co t h i xi> ly d l ddng nhilu vdi dung lu^ng f i t cao, cdn bing ning dp chit nhiem, dpc hai; tho'i gian xi> ly nhanh, asen nirdc nh6 han tifeu chuin cho phep chit luvng nux7c thai sau xu- ly I n dinh chi KHCNVI S6 11/2016 * \ l l TRI dNG MO Thong tin khoa hoc cong ngh? m o ^jy phi vdn hdnh thip Ngodi ra, lopi vdt lipu ndy da Cing nghp Pham Vdn Ldm vd nnk (2010), Hoin thi$n dupc chl tpo rpng rdi nudc d dpng nhO tuong, vdi tinh ung dgng cao fnong xu ly nudc cdng nghi vi chi tao thiit bi xit Ijr nudc nhiim asen su dung v$t liiu hip phu hiiu ning cao thai NC-F20 cho viing ndng thdn Hi Nam Phing V i Kit lu|in TCr nhOng nghidn cdu ting quan v l kha ndng ca - Vidn Hda hpc Thilu Quic Hdn vd nnk (2013), XCrly nudc ung dgng vdt lidu nano xu ly nudc thdi tai Vidt Nam vd trdn thi gidi, cd thi nhdn thiy tinh thii ip dung cdng nghi sir dung ti htfp nano kha thi viec su dgng lo?i vdt lidu mdi ndy kim loai hda tri khdng (nhO tuang NZVI) Vidn d l xu ly nguin thai cd hdm lupng kim lopi ndng Khoa hpc vd Cing nghd qudn su Idn ndi chung vd nudc thai md nil ndng C i thi Gupta AK, Deva D, Shanria A, Vemia N k l din kha ndng ung dgng cua nano sat khong, (2010), Fe-grown carbon nanofibers for removal hidn tai vdt iipu ndy dd dupe chl t^o nudc of arsenic (V) in wastewater Ind Eng Chem Res vd dupe Cmg dgng tit d l xit ly edc nggin thai Kim YC, Han S, Hong S (2011), A feasibility c i tinh chit phCrc tpp (nudc thai cdc khg cing study of magnetic separation of magnetk: nghidp) nanoparticle for forward osmosis Water Sd Tii liiu tham khao Technol Nggyin Thi Nhgng, Nggyin Thj Kim Qu X, Alvarez PJ, Li Q (2013), Applications Thudng (2008), Nghiin citu ning Iich loai of nanotechnology in water and wastewater Pb'* nudc bing nano sit kim loai Tgp chi treatment Water Res Khoa hpc DHQGHN - Khoa hoc Tu nhidn vd General view about the study on the application of nano products for the sewage treatment having heavy metal with high content Dr Nguyen Quoc Thinh, MSc Le Thanh T^ng Institute of Mining Science and Technology - Vinacomin Summary: During coal and mineral mining and processing activities, a great deal of waste material has been created, causing negative impacts to the environment Of which, waste water is considered as the main pollution source with great volume In this paper, the authors refer to the application of nano products for the sewage treatment having heavy metal with high content Ml< \ M s d 11/2016 • MOI TRI ONG MO ... lupng rit thip Vdt iipu nano nhu nano bac, nano kem exit, nano titan dioxide, nano xeri oxit, ing nano cacbon cho thiy kha nang khu tmng manh me md khing d n edc co c h l lidn quan din qud trinh oxy... virut, asen, thijy ngdn, thuie bao vp thue Vdt lidu nano carbon, vdt li|u nano exit kim loai vdt vd mgii Cing nghd nano dam bao edc giai vd spi nano la mpt nhOng vdt lidu dupe phdp hilu qud vd bin... spi nano polymer, mdng khe ring suit phdn hiiy sinh hpc cdc chit k h i phdn huy nano hodc cdc Idp nano polymer se ting Idn qud trlnh tiln xu ly Nhung mdng Ipe nano thudng ed kieh thude T i n g quan