Đề xuất mô hình sản xuất theo hướng sinh thái gắn với bảo vệ môi trường cho nghề sản xuất tinh bột ở nông thôn đồng bằng sông cửu long

TAP Cii HAT THEK IKCII, TAP 18, i f MVZ015 D§ xuat mo hinh san xu§t theo hipang sinh thai g i n vqi bao ve moi tripcyng cho nghi san xuat tinh bot 6" nong thon ddng bang song CLPU Long Le T h a n h Hai Trdn V a n T h a n h N g u y i n T h i PhiPcng T h a o • L e Q u d c VT Vien Moi tru'6'ng va Tai nguyen, OHQG-HCM IBdinluinnzin OS ihdng 06 ndm 2015 nhgn ddng ngd} 23 ihdng 06 , TOM T A T l-lidn nay, cdc md hinh sinh thdi nhw VAC VACB, RVAC (trong dd V: vu&n A: ao, C: chudng R: rwng B: biogas) dwqc dung phd biin dd gidm thidu nhidm vung ndng thdn ndi chung va ddng bdng sdng Cwu Long (DBSCL) ndi rieng Tuy nhidn ngodi hoat ddng ndng nghidp vCmg ndng thdn DBSCL cdn ldng nghdp cdc loai hinh tiiu thu edng nghidp (490 lang nghi va ed nghi) v&i 52 nghi tieu bidu Viec thu gom tit ed ehdt thdi vdo 01 hd thing t$p trung di xw ly nhw 01 CO s& cdng nghiep rit khd thwc hidn ehi phi ddu tw vd van hdnh cao vd dat nhiiu thdch thwc cho ede eo quan qudn ly mdi trw&ng dja phwong Do dd, vi$c cdi tiin cdc md hinh sinh thdi ki trdn di phii hop v&i dac trwng sdn xuit vd tdn dung tdi da diiu kidn tu" nhidn s§n ed cua timg hd gia dinh di xw ly chit thdi Id vdn di nghidn cCru ddt bdi bdo ndy Nhdm nghidn c(iu di xuit md hinh ngan ngwa vd gidm thiiu d nhiim eai tiin dwa tren sw kit hop tdi wu giOa edc yiu td V A C N (nhd), X (xw&ng) v&i hd thdng xi> ly eudi dw&ng dng (T) vd hd thdng ky thudt thu hdi, tdi ehi s§n cd B, goi la md hinh VACBNXT nhdm muc dich gidm thiiu va xO- ly chit thdi dat tidu chudn, gidm ehi phi ddu tw he thdng xw ly vd van hdnh vd ed thi thu dwoc lai nhuan tif cdng tdc xif ly chdt thai Bai bdo v&i muc tieu md td phwong phdp xdy dwng vd ede md hinh todn di thidt ki md hinh VACBNXT didn hinh eho nghi san xudt tinh bdt Md hinh VACBNXT di xudt cd trw&ng hgp rieng cd thi dp dung eho edc trwong hop khde di ddp ifng dwoc ydu cdu vi bdo vd mdi trw&ng vd thu dwoc nhihig hidu qua kinh ti tir cdc san phim cua md hinh gdp phin phdt triin tiin vOng sdn xuit, xod ddi gidm ngheo TiF khda: md hinh sinh thdi, Idng nghi VAC, VACBNXT, gidm thiiu d nhidm I D A T VAN OE Nghfi sdn xuat bfit cua DBSCL nfli chung v i Idn doi vfli cac nhd quin ly mfli trudng dia cua tinh E)flng Thdp nfli rifing d i ddt thich thuc phucmg Chi rifing Dflng Thdp dd co khoing 1000 Traai 33 Scieice Techioloii Developaeit, Vil 18, ND.MI- 2015 hd Idm nghfi sin xuat tinh bfii ggo cd v i khflng cfl trudng lang nghe ciia Bp TN&MT ndm 2008 [6] kfil hpp vfli chan nufli heo Mpt cac Idng cung dua nhan djnh he thflng sinh hpc hoat nghfi ling san xuit bpt tgi phudng Tin Phu dfing vfii nhifiu lpi ich mfit mil nd cung cdp Ddng, Tp Sadec dd dupc lifit vio danh sdch ldng ngudn nang lucmg dfi su dung frong gia dinh Ioai nghfi fl nhifim frpng difim va dd duac trung uong bfi dupc khodng 40 - % chat hiiu ca nuot ho frp xdy dyng he thflng xii l> nudc thai tap thai Mat khac, biin du sau bfi sinh hpc la mpi loai trung Tuy hifin he thflng xii ly nudc thai tap phdn bfln tfil cho nfing nghiep Nghien cuu ciia trung rit khd frifin khai phdn lfln cdc hp san lac gii Nguyen Van Phudc va cfing sy ndm 2009 xuit phan tan D I giii quyet fl nhiem ciia nginh [7] dp dung xir Iy nudc thii tinh bfit mi bdng san xudt tinh bpt, ngdnh chan nufli dd cfl nhifiu cflng nghe Ipe sinh hpc hieu ket hop Aeroiank nghifin cuu lien quan Dfli vfli chdn nufli cfi cdc CO kha ning xii ly 98% COD % N-NH3 nghifin ciiu difin hinh nhu Nguyin Thi Hdng va cpng su ndm 2012 [8] frinh Huixiao Wang v i cpng su ndm 2010 [I], da dua mfi hinh nflng bay kfit qui dinh gia hieu qua xu ly nudc thai nghifip sinh thai lifin kfil bdi gas Chit thii tu chdn nuoi heo ciia ham biogas quy mfl hp gia phan ga bd, heo sfi dupc su duns dfi tgo nen dinh tai Thiia Thien Hue: ndng dp COD giam gas v i gas niy sfi dupc su dung lai cho cic 84.7% BOD5 giam 76.3%, SS giim 86,l"o VSS hoat dflng cdn nang lupng cua frang trai tham chi giam 85,4% T-N giam 1.8%, T-P gidm 7,0% va Id phuc vu cho cac hoai dfing cfing nghifip nho Fecal coliform giam 5l.2''o Tuy nhifin nflng lifin quan Cfln biin rdn tu ham biogas sc dupc su cdc chdt o nhiem nudc thai dau van dyng de lam phdn bfln hiiu co cho trang trai khd cao, vupt lifiu chudn cho phep (QCVN Theo Philipp Rosenthal ndm 2010 [2], vific quan 24.2009/BTNMT, cpt B) Nghien cuu ciia Vii ly Ifit cac dflng vat chai se li cfing cu chia khfia Thi Khdnh Van vd cflng su ndm 2013 [9] bdng cho viec thifit kfi cdc he ihfing khfing phat thai d l phuang phdp thu thdp phifiu dieu tra va lay mdu phit trien bin vihig v i thiic day kinh tl Peter phdn lich ran, long, d nhieu diem khic Heck nam 2013 [3] d i nfiu ring dfi thuc hien frong trang trai dfi ddnh gid dupc hien trang dupc cdc he thflng khflng phdt thai d cip dja nhiem Ket qui nghifin ciiu cho thay ty Ifi Irang phuong can phii cfi su hfl frp cd ve cfing nghe ldn Irai ap dyng xu ly chat thai bdng biogas la 53% tii chinh ciia co quan chuyen mfln ciing nhu 60% vd 42% lin lupt d 03 mien Nam, Bdc va chinh quyfin dia phucmg Trung Trong cdc Irang frai cd biogas lan luot co % , % vd 87% frang trai \a thai gas thira Theo nghifin ciiu ciia Nguyfin Van Phudc vd cflng su ndm 2002 [4] da de xudt i p dung san tryc tiep mfii frudng Tflng coliform COD, BOD dfiu vupt chuan cho phfip gdp nhifiu lan xuat sgch ban, ban hdnh quy dinh ve an loan ve sinh thyc phdm frong san xuil bun, ban hdnh quy Nghifin cuu dac difim hoat dpng ciia cdc he djnh bio ve mfli trudng sdn xuat bun vd Ihfing chan nufli d huyfin Cam Giing tinh Hii chdn nufii quy mo tifiu ihu cfing nghifip, d ling Duang CLia Vii Dinh Ton va cdng sy nim 2008 nghfi Long Kifin, phudng Long Toan, thj xa Ba [10] chi rdng phuang thuc chdn nuoi bin tham Rja Nhflm ldc gid dua cic mfl hinh xu ly nudc canh, vua phii hpp hon vdi ndng dau lu vira Ihii tap ming vd phdn Ian theo hp, thuc nghiem tin dung dupc nguon thuc dn va phu pham sin cfl cho thdy cic cflng nghfi niy cho hieu qui xii ly BOD khoang 60% COD khoing 88% Theo Ddng Kim Chi nim 2005 [5], tic gia cung dua giii phip thinh lip cum ling nghi d khu vuc nflng thfin vd cho ring mfi hinh ndy phii hpp vdi cic Iang nghfi mdi phat friln d l tham gia vdo ngdnh cdng nghifip qu> mfi nhfi Bao cao mfli Traag 34 ciia nfing hfl Theo Lam Vmh Son vd Nguyfin Trdn Ngpc Phuang nim 2011 [11], bdng phucmg phap thi nghiem va phan lich cac ket qua cua mo hinh biogas truyfin thfing va mo hinh biogas cfl bfl sung ba mfa Iim nguyfin lieu, nghifin c ^ dd chiing minh: mfl hinh bd sung bd mia cfi hifiu qua xu iy cao hon mfi hinh miyen thfing Trong TAP CHi PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 18, 80 M1-Z015 nghien cuu dinh gii linh hinh xu ly chat thii tgi cac trang frai Ipn frfin dja bdn huyfin Vdn Giang, tinh Hung Yen, tac gid Cao Truomg Son ndm 2012 [12] cuu cho thiy, chat thai ciia trang trgi dupc xir Iy bdng nhilu bien phip khac nhau, Irong cac bifin phdp phfl bien nhat li: biogas, bon cho cay frflng, cho c i an Cic bien phdp dupc su dung vdi ty lfi khac tiiy thupc vao ddc difim ciia tung hfi thflng trang trai Nghien ciru cua Do Xuan Hanh ndm 2012 [13] dua vi du ve mfl hinh chdn nufli g i theo thudng mfl hinh nflng nghifip sinh thai Md hinh phdi cfl sy tham gia ciia lanh dao cac ban ngdnh dodn thl va ngudi sin xudt, tifip den la hoat dflng tap huin cdc nfii dung ve k^ thugt nfing nghifip sinh thii cho cac nhflm hp, tap huan co su ket hop giiia ly thuylt v i thuc hanh Nuoi g i an loan sinh hoc id hoat dfing chil dao su dung nhifiu thiic dn la ngfi cdm ggo thdc thay cho thiic dn cflng nghiep thirc dn tdng trpng, nudi giun qufi lam thirc an giau dinh duOng cho gd, phdn ga vd phan giun que sii dung de che bien phan bdn sinh hpc Kfit qua ciia du an da chiing minh dupc gidi phdp sdn xudt nfing nghifip sinh Ihii khflng nhirng bao ve mfii fruong frong san xudi nfing nghiep, mfli trudng thfin xdm md cfin Idm tdng hifiu qua sdn xudt va it ton kem ve kinh Ifi v i Iao dfing Theo nghifin cuu cua vfi viec Ihyc hien chinh sach phip luat bao ve mfii trudng tai mfit sfl ling nghfi d cdc linh phia Bdc, tic gia Trdn Duy Khdnh nim 2012 [14], Iren thyc t l dp dung cic QCVN ve mfii frucmg cac CO sd lifiu thii cong nghifip frong lang nghi gdp nhifiu khfl khdn ndng lyc xu Iy chat thai ciia cac CO sd niy rat han chfi Neu cdn cii theo quy chudn thii hien hdnh de i p dyng cic bien phip xir ly vi pham hdnh chinh doi vfli cac co sd frong ldng nghfi thi lit c i cdc co so deu bj xir phat, Iham chi khflng it trudng hpp, muc xu phai cfin vupl q u i ning luc thi hinh ciia cac co sd sdn xuat Chinh difiu niy d i anh huong true tifip den tinh khd thi vd hifiu luc phap ly cua cdc quy djnh hien hdnh Nghifin cuu tiem ndng mfi hinh dfi thj sinh khfii huyen Cu Chi, TP.HCM cua Vfi Dao Chi v i khai cdn xay dyng cdc mfli lifin ket mdi nhu sdn xudt biogas vd phan compost vdi quy mo phii hpp ban, lip trung hom va hifiu qua hon md hinh hfi gia dinh Theo Nguyin Vo Chau Ngan va cfing su ndm 2012 [16], nghifin ciiu vific tim kiem mfit sfi logi nguyfin lieu cd the diing Idm nguyfin lieu nap cho hdm u biogas frong md hlnh VACB bfin canh ngufin nguyen lieu chinh Ii phan heo Ket qua thi nghifim dd khdng dinh cfi Ihfi sii dung lyc binh va rom sau u ndm lam nguyfin lieu phfii frpn vdi phin heo de nap vdo ham u biogas frong trudng hpp thifiu hodc ihdm chi khfing cfl ngufln phan heo Nguyfin Vfl Chiu Ngan va cpng sy nam 2012 [17], nhflm nghien ciru da tfi chiic cho ngudi dan luan phien vay vfln dfi xdy dung ham il sinh hpc xir ly chat thdi chdn nudi va chit thai sinh hogt Bfin canh dfl tfl chuc cac lop tap huan chuyfin giao cflng nghfi xdy ham ii sinh hpc cho thp xdy dia phucmg, hudng dan van hanh va bao d u ^ g ham ii cho ngudi dan vd cin bp dia phuang Dfii vdi nudc thai sdn xudt tinh bfit tir ndm 1995, Nguyfin Trung Viet vd cflng su dd nghien ciru xu ly nudc thai san xuat tinh bflt mi frfin mfi hinh UASB hifiu qud xii Iy- COD dat trfin 90% vfli Iii frpng hihi co Ifin den 20 kg COD/m'.ngiy, Ke tiep nhflm nghien ciiu thuflc frung tam Centema ( 9 - 0 ) da thdnh cfing vific tgo bim hgt trfin mfl hinh UASB vd xu ly trifit de him lupng htiu co tren mfl hinh bim hoat linh, hifiu qud \ u ly COD trfin 95% Nghifin cini khde ciia Nguyen Van Phudc va cic cflng sy (Khoa Mfii Trudng, DHBK TP.HCM 2002 - 2004) da nghien cdu cfing nghfi ky hai giai doan kfil hpp lpc sinh hpc hieu khf v i ho thyc vat xu ly him lupng hiiu ca frfin 99% Trong nghifin ciru trfin, dd vfli dupc diing cho trung hoa pH voi thdi gian luu cdn thifit khoing gid pH dat trung binh - 6,2 Nghien cim thyc hifin frfin nudc thai nguyen thuy cfl COD vio Irung binh 10.000 16.000 mg/L Thdi gian luu nudc tfli uu cho timg mfl hinh la ngdy Rifing hfi sinh hpc hieu khi, thdi gian luu nudc dupc chpn vdi tdi frpng 80 - 100 kgCOD/ha.ngiy cpng sy ndm 2010 [15], dfi mfl hinh cfl the trien Trail 35 Scieice & Techiiliif HfelepieRl, Vll 18, No.MI- 2016 Nhu vay, cho dfin chira cfl cdng frinh nghifin cihi nao dfi xudt mfit mfl hinh sinh thai tflng Ihfi ddy du, khep kin Iheo h? th6ng kJ thu(lt khfing phdt thai d l ngdn ngCta fl nhilm cho ldng nghfi sin xudt tifiu thu cfing nghidp M$t so md hinh phfi bifin hi§n li VAC, VACB dd dupC dp dung hifiu qua cho nganh chdn nufli nhi^n hifin chua cfi nghien ciru huflrng dSn ihiet ke chi tifit cic md hinh niy Cdc mfi hinh d trfin gflp phdn quan trpng Irong giim thieu fi nhiSm Sdn xuit, chin nufii quy mfi hfi gia dinh d frong nudc cDng nhu frfin thfi gifli Chat thii tir qud frinh sdti xuat, chdn nufii sau dupc xd I^;* tgi cdc md hinh niy giim dupc tii Iirpng fl nhilm, gidm thifiu miii vd cdc van de ve sinh mfli trudng khde Tuy nhifin nudc thdi sau khfli cdc mfi hlnh quy mfl nhfi van chua dgt tifiu chuin xd thdi, vl vdy nfi tdc dpng khflng nhd tfli mfli truflng tunic, Ldng nghfi sdn xudt b$t - nufli heo thl nudc Ihdi cfl Iinh chdt day dii ciia hfi san xuat tinh bfit vd hp chdn nufii nfin Itnh chat tfing hpp ciia nudc thii hp cfl hdm lupng chit nhifim rit cao nhit Id chit hChi ca, N, P vgy rdt khfl xti ly (frong dieu kifin kinh le hgn h?p) Nlu dp dyng cdc cflng nghfi hien cfi nhu AAO, A , de xii 1^ nudc thdi niy dat tifiu chudn sg cdn chi phf diu tu Iflrn Han nira van hinh cic cfing ngh§ niy cQng khd phitc lgp v i chi phf van hanh cQng cao Do dd, vific cii tiln, phit frifin cic mfl hlnh sinh thii hien cd thinh mfl hinh phii hpp dfi giii quyet fri^I dfi cdc phdn fl nhilm cfl frong nudc thii hp ldm nghfi nhdm dap ung tifiu chuin mfii Irudng li vin dfi nghifin ciru ddt frong bii bio ndy PHUONG PHAP Cdch tiep cgn Mfi hinh VACBNXT (trong dfi V: vudn A: ao, C: chufing, B: biogas v i compost, N: nhd, X: xudng sin xudi T: frgm XLNT) co thinh phdn Cling li CBNX, cdc phdn thay dfii Id V, A, T Mfi hinh niy tgn dung tfii da difiu kifin ty nhifin sdn cd ciia lung hp gia dinh kit hpp vdi cdc he Ihflng xu ly cufii dudng dng v i he ihfing ky thugt thu hfii, tdi chl dfi thilt lap mfl hinh phil triln tfli uu cho die frung cua timg hp sin xuit frong Iang nghfi cy the nhu sau: Traai 36 Ao; dupe uu tiln tgn dung tfii da ndng xu 1^ nudc thai theo kl^u tu^ nghi (cd hojc khfingcd b6 suttg thuc vgt nfli) Btflgas: chi tinh toin thiet kfi vira du phyc v\t nhu ciu sinh hogt cua hfi ddn nhdm giim thifiu phat thai thda cflng suit Cin bfit, nudc vo ggo, chit thii phii hpp chdn nuoi: cho heo dn Ric sinh hogt hilu c a dupc diing dfi sin xuit phdn compost Phdn compost dupc uu tifin diing dfi trflng cdy, phin du dupc dimg de nufii trim Mo hlnh nghiin ciru Dya vio each tifip can frfin, mfi hinh VACBNXT cfl dgng tfing qudt gom cac phin nhu Hinh I Vai frd cOa cdc phan frong mo hinh nhu sau: Vudn (V); Cd vai frd cdch ly giOa khu chdn nuoi va sdn xuil nhdm dam bdo dilu kifn vfi sinh an toin Ihyc phim Ngoii V cdn cfl vai trfi tgo mdng xanh, lgn dyng chit dinh duflng tu qua frinh xu ly chit thai (XLCT) v i tgo ngufln ihu cho hp gia dinh Ao (A): Li dien ti'ch ao sdn cfl hodc ao dy Knh xay dyng Ao cd vai frfl Id cflng frinh xir ly nudc thii (XLNT) (dgng ddt ngdp nudc, ao my nghi) dfi gidm chi phi dau tu vd vgn hinh he thong XLNT Ngodi ao cfln cd vai frfl cung cap nudc cho Vuom Chuong (C): Cfl vai frd gia tdng Ihu nhgp cho hp gia dinh ngodi cdn cung cip ngufln ndng lupng tai tgo, sgch cho qud frinh sinh hogt va tan dyng CTR cua q u i frinh san xuit Bfin cgnh chuflng kfit hpp vdi V, X chia sfi riii ro lien quan dfin tinh hinh tifiu thy sdn phim ciia hp C la yeu td quan frpng dfi tao thinh md hinh khfip kin Biogas, compost (B): Cd vai frd xir ly chit thai chan nufii, chdt thdi thuc vgt hi^u ca thinh ndng lupng sinh hpc cho q u i frinh sdn xuit, phan cho frflng frpt dfing thdi gidm tdi lupng cic chat nhifim vao he thfing xu iy He thong sin xuit phan compost cd vai trd xu ly CTR sinh hoat, rdc T«P Cii NAT TIER II&CN, TAP 18, S8 MVZHS noi tifiu thy ndng lupng, phat sinh chat thai ed tac dfing toi mfii trutmg can giii quyet c ^ bdch hien Trgm xir ly nudc thai (XLNT/WWTP) (T): Day li cflng trinh XLNT nhdm dam bao tdt ca nuflrc thai dupc xir ly den muc dp hop ly de ket hpp vdi cdc yfiu tfi khac (nhu Ao) xu ly nudc thii dgt cdc tifiu chudn vfi mfii trudng Trong khufin khfi mo hinh ndy tiii T Id cong frinh xir ly sau biogas cd vai trd gidm bdt tdi luong cdc chat fi nhilm trudc vdo cdc hfi Ihdng xii ly Ihu cap (ao nghi, ddt ngdp nudc) Cong n ^ e dupc lya chpn cho dfi van hinh vi cd chi phi vgn hdnh thip vudn hiiu ca de phan huy sinh hpe vd x£r ly phdn heo phan bdn nhdm ndng cao gi& trj ciia chit thai ddng thdi giam tai lupng cac chit d nhilm vdo h# thong xii ly nudc thai (nh^t \k cic hop chit N, p), ddm bao h^ th6ng XLNT ho^t dpng hieu qud Nhd (H): Ddng vai trd trung tdm ciJa mfi hinh, li noi d, qudn ly tdt cd Cdc ho^t d^ng ciia md hinh vd Id noi chju anh hufi'ng tryc liep bdi cac kfit qua cua mfi hinh XuoFng (X): Ddy chinh td Ihdnh phdn d§c trung cija hp, dd chlnh Id ngh^ tifiu thii cfing nghifip ciia hp gia dinh Khi chua cd cac thdnh phin khde Ihi ddy la ngu6n thu chlnh ciia hO, la **ãã r**^"*"^ m* ã -^"i"': ô,"' Hh r W»m" * ;j""ti ' ; / w« " ã wô K - ã ^ _^ ã WWTP \ COB • o* N < T^ — H.BI* ^ • * IW e^ 1- "• v^i^ r^OnfHD u r:L i |= - i • i] "ããã -*kô S^ *ã wI iã^^^ãi *1 ^ 1\ iô L J ; _I— L * ™ c _ r -* j J T I ''^^'' "•"•"^H^ f Hi kg sdnpM Iw J L—;*-.- w Wm* •% KB • P, h-^— Hinh Mo hinh VACBNXT nghien cuu Trail 37 Scieice Techielisy Beveloiant, Vsl 18, Na.M1- Z015 C = 4V; + 0,02m9+6mi(/3,6+ V^ Luu Iinh todn, thiel ke Luu dfi tinh loin, ihifil kfi mfi hinh VACBNXT nhu Hinh Tfing thu Tinh kinh te Tfing ngufin thu lu cac mo hinh nhu sau: ^ Tinh gii trj ddu lu mfi hinh P = Pc' C = C*iii-n'+ Ccon^HKi'*' CaiB+ CbiogK Trong do: Trong do: P lfing thu CwTiTp: chi phi diu lu he thfing XLNT (trung binh khodng frifiu ddng/m' nudc ihdi) CcMnpon: chl phi diu tu he thong SX phin compost (frung binh khoang 20 ngdn dflng/kg sin Pco«,pos,+ P,™n+ P b « ^ nudc thu hogch khoang 2kg cd/ndm khoang 20 trifiu dfing/tin cd tap) Pcompost- nguon thu tir phan compost (Imng binh khoang 1000 ddng/kg sdn pham) Pm„: nguon thu tu nudi trim (trung binh phdm) Cnun^ chi phi diu lu he thong nufii Iriin (frung binh khodng 100 ngin dfing'm^) CbBga: chi phi dau tu he ihflng biogas (trung binh khoang frifiu dflng/m') khoang 40 ngdn dong/kg) Pbiogis: ngufln thu lu sinh hpc (trung binh khodng 3.000 dflng/m' sinh hpc) Tacd: P 0,04S2 + (trieu dflng/ndm) Hinh Lmi d6 tinh loan thifit kfi mo hlnh VACBNXT Traai 38 M P„: ngufin thu tu ca (trung binh Im' mat C: chi phi tfing cfing Tacfl: (frifiu dflng) 0,365m8+14.6m,o+l.lV, TAP CIJ P U T TRIEN RHSCK, TAP 18, SO M1-Z815 J AP DVNG M O HINH VACBNXT C H O iuc ndy md hinh VACBNXT chi cdn CBNXT C A C C O S T \ I LANG NGHE S \ N \ L \ T BOT Trong mfi hinh n i y tu; \do so ngudi frong hd 3.1 Ddnh gia S0 bg kha ndng dp dung mfl hinh dfi phdt sinh meian phuc vu cho ndu nuong, vao ldng nghe lupng phdn cdn lgi sfi dupc kfit hpp vdi rdc sinh Hifin cdc hfi san xudt Igi ldng nghe san xuat bpt cd difiu kifin tu nhifin da dang: hp cfl cd V A hodc chi cfl \ ' hodc A hodc khong cd ca V v i A Tuy vdo Irudng hpp thyc le cua hp SX mfi hinh VACBNXT se bi sus bien thinh mfi hinh sinh thai khic Cfi uudng hpp su>' bifin (cd it nhdi mot thinh phdn = 0) nhu sau: Tnttmghgp I A^O Hfl khdng cd ao, md hinh \ ' \ C B N X T chi cdn N'CBNXT Trong md hinh ndy vao sfl ngudi frong ho lupng phdn vao biogas sfi dupc tinh loan vira dit dfi phdt sinh melan phyc vu cho ndu nudng lupng phdn cdn Iai sfi dupc ket hpp vfli ric sinh boat u phdn compost Mpt phin phan compost dupc dimg dfi bfln cho cay trflng vd mpt phdn dupc dimg dfi nufli triing dfi ldm thuc dn cho gia cim/lpn Tdt cd nudc thai sinh dupc thu gom v i xu I> lai Iram XLNT frudc thii vdo nguon tifip nhgn Tnrdng hgp 2: V^O Hp san xudt khfing cd dien tich vudn hay difin tich de ciy liic ndy mfl hinh VACBNXT chi cdn ACBNXT Trong mfl hinh nd\ vao sfl ngufli frong hp lupng phdn vio biogas sfi dupc tinh toan vira dii dfi phdt sinh meian phyc vy cho ndu nudng, lupng phdn cdn lai se dupc kfit hpp vin rdc sinh hogt ti phan compost dimg dfi nufli tnin dfi ldm thiic dn cho cd hodc gia cdm/lpn Tit cd nudc thai sinh ra'dupc thu gom vd xu ly tai -A,o iu\ nghi va tram XLNT trudc thai vdo ngufln tifip nhan Dfi giim chi phi ddu tu, van hdnh, nudc thai sfi dupc tinh todn uu lien cho khd ndng xu ly ciia ao, phdn cdn lai sfi dupc xu ly tai frgm XLNT lupng phan vao biogas se dupc tinh todn vira dii hogt ii phdn compost dimg dfi nufli trim dfi Idm Ihirc an cho cd hodc gia cdm/lpn Tat ca nudc thai sinh dupc thu gom va xu K' tai trgm XLNT trudc thai vio ngudn tiep nhan Trudng hgp T=0 Do ao cd difin tich Ion dii khd ndng xu ly loan bp nudc thdi phit sinh Hp sdn xuat khong cin phdi xdy dung trgm XLNT Iiic niy mfl hinh \ ACBNXT chi cfln N'ACBNX Trong mfl hinh na> tu\ vio sd nguoi frong hd luong phdn vdo biogas se dupc tinh todn vCra dii de phdt sinh meian phyc vy cho nau nuong Iupng phin cfln lgi sfi dupc kit hpp \oi rdc sinh hogt li phdn compost Mfit phdn phdn compost duoc diing dfi bdn cho ca; trflng v i mfit phdn dupc diing dfi nufii trim dfi lim thuc dn cho gia cim/lpn Tat ca nudc thii sinh dupc thu gom vd xu ly tgi ao trudc thai vio nguon tiep nhdn Trudng hgp 5: V=0 vd T=0 Do ao cd difin tich Idn dii nang xir ly loan bp nudc thii phdt sinh Hd sin xuit khong can phdi xdv dung tram XLNT dflng thdi hp khflng cd vudn nfin liic niy mfl hinh VACBNXT chi cfln ACBNX Trong md hinh niy vdo sd ngudi frong hp lupng phan vio biogas sfi dupc tinh todn vira du dfi phdl sinh melan phyc vy cho ndu nudng lupng phdn cdn lai se dupc kfit hpp voi rdc sinh boat u phdn compost diing de nudi friin de Iim thuc dn cho cd hodc gia cdm^pn Tdt cd nudc thdi sinh dupc thu gom \a xu ly tai ao trudc thii vdo ngufln tiep nhgn 3.1 Tinh todn thiet kfi cbo mpt t r u d n g hpp difin hinh ciia mo hinh VACBNXT 3.1.1 G i i tri dau vao Trvdng h(ip 3: - vo A =0 Cdc thfing sfi ddu vao cua hfl nhu Bdng Hfi san xudt khfing cfi di?n tich vutm vd ao Traai 39 ScieiceftTechiiliii Icielipieit, Vol 18, N0.MI- ZOIS Bang Cac thdng sfl ddu vio ciia hfl Nguyen Vin Lanh Thong so Don V! Kihieu Sd ngudi Ngudi N-, Sfl lugng heo Nn 75 Gia Iri N, kg/ngay P 250 Tong the tich bfi ldng bpi m^ Wis„, Ao m- S: 40 So lugng gia cam Khoi lugng t i m dung san xudt Chieu sau muc nuoc cua ao Difin tich \ u d n g m" Trong trpl m* 3.1.2 Ti'nh toin, thifit ke mo hinh Mfl hinh VACBNXT dupc tinh loin thilt kl phii hpp vdi hfi Nguyen Van Lanh nhu Hinh Ket qui Iinh toin cho thdy ao cfl difin tich nhfl (40m-) H S3 96 todn bd nfin nudc thdi cfln lai khoing 6,5m'/ngdy dupc thu gom v i xu ly tgi he thflng XLNT c6 cfing suit SmVngdy (k=l,2) trudc ihii vdo ngufln tiep nhdn khflng dli kha ndng xu Iy todn bp nudc thai phdt sinh, hfi sin xuit cin phdi xiy dyng frgm XLNT viy hfi sfi theo mfl hinh ACBNXT (hfl khfing 3.1.3 Ddnh gid tinh kinh t l Chi phi ddu tu vd ngufln thu tir mfi hinh nhu cfl vuflrn cdy) Trong mo hinh hfi cfi ngudi, Bang Ddnh gid kinh tfi cho Ihiy nlu hfi lupng phin vdo biogas chi cin trung binh 40 diu tu cac thdnh phdn cita mfi hinh thi hp chi cin kg/ngiy (da pha loing) de san xuit sinh hpc khoing 44 frifiu dflng, mfli ndm hp Ihu dupc phyc vu cho niu nuflng, lupng phin cfln Igi khodng 73 frifiu dfing tu phan compost, sinh khodng 182,7 kg/ngiy se dupc kit hpp vdi ric hpc, irun va ci Do dfi mo hinh VACBNXT la sinh hoat ii phan compost Toin b0 Iupng phdn mpt ca hpi diu tu cfi lpi cho h0 gia dinh tan compost khodng 110kg se dupc dung dl nufli dyng tfii da lpi ich cua tung thinh phin dfi giam friin dung lim thuc dn cho gia cim, ca T6ng chi phi ddu tu he thfing XLNT v i chi phf diu ta lupng nudc Ihii li 9.1 m'/ngdy, ao xu ly hfit he thfing biogas Bang Chi phi ddu tu vd ngudn thu diu tu mfi hinh cua hfi Nguyfin Vin Lanh Dau ur H^ thflng Gia Dan vi Ngufln thu H? thflng XLNT 32.364.270 dong Ca Compost 2.197 377 dong Bioeas 1.520.000 dong Phan Nuoi Iran 8.031.348 dong Khi sinh hoc Tflng chi 44.112 995 dong Tong thu Trau 40 v80.0 72,8 trifiu dong/n^ TAP H i PIAT mn IUCN, TAP 18, SO M1-201S Hinh Mo hinh sin xuat lich hop gdn vdi BVMT cho hfl Ngm'fin Van Lanh KET LUAN Bdi bdo niy da dfi xuil mfi hinh sin xudt tifiu thu cfing nghifip ddnh cho cdc hp sin xuit d khu vuc nfing thfin dflng bdng sflng Ciiu Long gdn vdi bdo ve mdi frudng vd phii hpp voi djc ihii sin xuit ciia viing nfing thfln dfing cua khu vuc Mfi hinh kfi thira tinh hieu qud ciia cic mfi hinh sinh thdi VAC, VACB v i phdt trifin mfi hinh mdl cfl gdn vdi san xuit tieu thu cflng nghi?p Md hinh ndy dupc xdy dyng dya vdo nguyfin ldc tan dyng toi da hfi sinh thdi ciia moi hp gia dinh dl tham gia vdo xu ly nudc thai, chat Ihii rdn D i u tu cdc Ihdnh phan nhu san xuat compost, biogas, nudi trim vd he thfing xu ly nudc thai dfi hodn thifin md hinh VACBNXT khong chi giim thifiu d nhiem md cdn cfl hifiu qua kinh t l thdi gian hodn vfln ngdn Dfli vdi mfli trudng, ngodi nudc thdi mfl hinh niy cfl cfl uu difim nfii bat li chit thdi rdn sinh hogt, chit thai rdn tir vudn nai khdng cd he thfing thu gom dupc gidi quylt friet dfi Dflng thdi giam ginh ndng frong vific xu ly N cfl nudc thai (cd thl gidm Idi 90% lai lupng) Md hinh cfl thfi nghien ciru md rfing cho cdc ngdnh nghfi khde dfli vdi cdc nghfi co su dyng qui frinh nhifit nhu nghe del chifiu, sin xudi bdnh frdng, nghfi ndu ruau, thi ket hap vdi chdn nufii (C) cfi thfi xem li gidl phdp chuyen dfii nang Iupng dfi giim thieu d nhiem khfing ngoii cd the sir dyng sinh hpc nhu la ngufln ndng lupng dfi xic ly thdi bing phuang phdp dflt W i cam an Tac gid xm chdn ihanh gui l&i cdm an den Bg Khoa hQC vd Cong ngh? Sa Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? lmh Dong Thdp dd hd irg ve mgi mgi vd lao dieu kifn ihudn lgi de ihfC hifn n^ien cuu ndy Trat) 41 scinn ( Ttcliiliil Icielllinl, Vil ID, No.MI- ZOIS Proposing the Ecologicai production model towards an environmental protection and sustainable development for Rice Starch Production craft villages in the rural of Mekong delta in Vietnam Le Thanh Hai Tran Van T h a n h Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao • Le Quoc VI Institute for Environment and Resources, VNU-HCM ABSTRACT In the recent time, the ecological model such as VAC, VACB, RVAC (where V garden A: pond C livestock farm, R forest, B: biogas plant) have been used commonly to mitigate pt^lution in rural areas in Vietnam especially in the Mekong Delta Beskles livestock and cultivation activities, the rural areas in Mekong Delta also has a lot of the craft villages (490 villages) with 52 typical sectors Collecting waste from different sources and treating it at a concentration treatment system similariy as large industnal zones are difTicult due to the high investment and operation cost, and this cause is a big challenge for local environmental management authonties Therefore, the idea of innovation an'ecomodel suited for local production characteristics and taking full advantage of natural condition of each household to treat waste IS research issue in this paper Based has proposed an eco-modei integrated the optimal factors as V, A, C, N (house), X (workshop) combined with end-of-pipe treatment plant (T) and the recovery technique system, available recycle (B), it is called VACBNXT model This model aims to reduce and treat waste after treatment to meet standard, it is also helpful in decreasing the investment and operation cost Besides, this model can get more profit from treatment waste The objective of this paper is to describe the construction mettiod and mathematical model to design VACBNXT model, typical for Rice starch production Craft VAC NXT model has proposed 06 (six) specific case that can apply for difference ease to meet environmental protection requirements and get more profits from products of the model It is also contributed the sustainable development, poverty alleviation on the material and energy flows, this study Keywords: eco-modei VAC VACB VACBNXT, craft village, pollution Trail 42 reduction TAP n i PIAT TIER II&CN, TAP 18, SB M1-2915 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [ i ] Huixiao Wang Ecological Agriculture in China: Principles and Applications 2007 146-152 [ l l j L a m VTnh Son vd Nguyin Trdn Ngpc [2] Philipp Rosenthal Innovative Tools for Phupng, Nghien cuv md hinh ndng cao xu Sustainable Developmenl and Economic iy mrdc ihdi chdn nudi bang md binh Biogas cho bo sung ba mia (2011) Promotion 2010 [3] Peter Heck Zero emission: Recognizing the potentials, optimizing processes, creatingadded value 2013 Kim Chi, Wastewater from production aciivities in craft villages and B.T.n \ M Environment 2008 Nation state Vietnam Van Giang tinh Hung Yin (2012) [13].Dd Xuan Hanh San xuit Xong nghifip Sinh thdi - Md hinh chdn nudi g i hifiu qui kinh tfi vd bdo vfi moi truonng Tai lieu du in SYNERGIES cQa tfl chirc GRET Viet Nam tdi trtr, 2012 [14].Trdn Duy Khdnh, Danh gid hifin frgng moi irutmg ldng nghfi vd Ihyc hien chinh sich some mitigation solutions (2005) [6] Trudng chdl thai lgi cdc trang Irgi Imi trin dia bdn huyin [4] \gu>fin Vdn Phuflfc, Dinh gid hifin trang dfi xudt phuang dn giim thifiu vd gidm thifiu o nhifim cho ldng nghe Long Kien Phudng Long Todn thj \a Bd Ria tinh B i Ria Vung Tdu (2002) [5] Eidng [ 12].Cao Truong San, Ddnh gid tinb hinh xu ly of Craft Village Environment (2008) [7] \2U>en Vdn Phudc Xi> ly mrdc Ihdi linh bgi mi bdng cdng nghi Hybrid (Lgc sinh hpc - Aeroiank} (2009) [8] Nguyen Thi Hflng E)dnh gii hifiu qud xu K nudc Ihii chdn nufli Ipn bdng hdm Biogas quy mfl hd gia dinh d Thira Thifin phdp ludt vfi bio ve mdi trudng ling nghfi tai mfit sfi tinh Bdc Bd, (2012) [15].Vfi Dao Chi, Nghien ciiu tiem nang xdy dung dd thi sinh khfli huyen Cu Chi, TP.HCM (2010) [l6].Nguyen Vo Chau Ngdn, Khd nang su dung lyc binh v i ram lam nguyfin lieu nap bd sung cho ham ii Biogas Tgp chi ichoa hgc Tnrdng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha, (2012) tap 22a: p 213-221 Hufi- Tgp chi khoa hgc 2012 tap 73 (Sfl 4) [9J Vu Thi Khanh Van, Hifin trgng quin Is chat thai \ a fi nhilm mfii trudng chdn nudi Ipn trang trai d Vi?t Nam, Tgp chi Khoa hgc cdng nghi - Ndng nghiep vd phdl triin ndng Ihdn, 20I3(K> 1): p 67 - 73 [10].Vu Dinh Ton, E>dc difim \a hogt dpng cua cac he thdng chdn nuoi d huvfin Cdm Gidng tinh Hai Duong Tgp chi khoa hgc vd phdl trien Tnrdng Dgi hgc Ndng nghiip Hd Ngi., 2008 Tgp (So 2): p [17].Ngu\ln Vfl Chau Ngan, Giim thifiu fi nhifim bdng ngufin quy tin dyng nhd Trudng hpp cu the d lang nghfi ldm bfit truyfin thflng Tdn Phii Dflng Tgp chi mdi trucmg Viet Nam, (2012) Tap (Sfl 2): p 65-70 [18].Hodng Kim Giao, Cfing nghe sinh hpc quy mfi hp gia dinh (2011) [19].Cyc chin nufli - Bfl Nflng nghiep vd PTNT (2011) Cfing nghfi sinh hpc quy mfi hp gia dinh Hd Npi Trail 43 ... sfi dupc tinh loan vira dit dfi phdt sinh melan phyc vu cho ndu nudng lupng phdn cdn Iai sfi dupc ket hpp vfli ric sinh boat u phdn compost Mpt phin phan compost dupc dimg dfi bfln cho cay trflng... biogas sfi dupc tinh toan vira dii dfi phdt sinh meian phyc vy cho ndu nudng, lupng phdn cdn lai se dupc kfit hpp vin rdc sinh hogt ti phan compost dimg dfi nufli tnin dfi ldm thiic dn cho cd hodc... biogas sfi dupc tinh todn vira du dfi phdl sinh melan phyc vy cho ndu nudng lupng phdn cdn lai se dupc kfit hpp voi rdc sinh boat u phdn compost diing de nudi friin de Iim thuc dn cho cd hodc gia