KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO ^ ^ DflC TAITNG DONG HOC CUn QUfl T R I N H • • •» DIEU CHE BOT SAT VA NIKEN SIEU MiN TRONG CAC MOI TRlTONG TODNG TAC KHAC NHAU ThS.NCS NGUYEN VAN MINH, ThS.NCS VU VAN T O A N , TS KONYUKHOV YU.V., TS KOSTISYN M.A Trwang Dai hge MISiS, Lien bang Nga ThS NGUYiN T I E N H I E P - Hgc Vien Ky thuat Quan sw Tong quan Bpt sieu mjn cua cac kim loai sat tCp nhu- Fe, Ni, Co hien du-pc u-ng dung rpng rai cac ITnh vu-c c6ng nghiep, cac nganh cong nghe cao, ky thuat, y t l , Vf du dung d l che tao eae vat lieu dp ben cao bing c6ng nghe luyen kim bpt, gia hpp kim, vat lieu composit; lam ctilt xuc tac e5ng nghiep h6a dau, thu-c phim, phuc vu san xuit cac vat lieu tie dae biet nhu- nam cham Idng, cac loai bang, dTa, the tLP [1] Bpt sieu mjn cua cac kim loai thu-dng du-pc diiu e h l iDang cac phu-ang phap nhu- n l dien day d i n , tong hpp hda hpc plasma, Cae phu-ang phap d i u cd mu-c tieu t i n nang lu-png cao va khd cho phep k i l m scat cac tinh chit eua san pham thu du-pc [2] Vi vay viee nghien eu-u hoan thien cac phu-ang phap da co va tim cac phu-ang phap mdi hieu qua, dan gian, t i l t kiem nang lu-png han de d i i u e h l bdt sieu mjn cua kim loai, dd cd kim loai s i t tCp la mdt nhiem vu c i n thilt va cd nhilu y nghTa ca ve mat khoa hpc l i n thu-e t i i n Hien nay, SLP dung phu-ang phap hda-luyen kim cho phep dat du-pc ea ban nh&ng yeu c i u tren [3] Phu-ang phap bao g i m cae qua trinh sau: k i t tua cd kiem soat cac hpp chit ehu-a oxy cua kim loai mdi tru-dng cd pH va nhiet dp xac djnh de thu du-pc d u true hat sieu min, lpe rij-a k i t tua bang may quay ly tam, nhiet phan va hoan nguyen hpp chat thu du-pc U'u dilm cua phu-ang phap h6a-luyen kim la tu-ang d i i dan gian, eho phep tong hpp bdt kim loai vdi dp saeh eao, phan b l hat ding d i u theo kieh thu-dc, ngoai cdn cho phep tan dung nguon nguyen lieu phe thai edng nghiep [4] Tuy nhien phu-ang phap hda-luyen kim v i n cdn han e h l bdi giai doan thy-c hien qua trinh hoan nguyen kim loai thu-dng m i t kha nhilu thdi gian va nang lu-png, phai giu- cho phan u-ng khil- kim loai bang hydro xay d nhiet dp cao mdt thdi gian dai Hien ngu-di ta da Cpng dung mpt cdng nghe giup tang eu-dng t i c dp qua trinh len r i t nhieu dd la su- dung hieu li-ng hoat hda ca hpc m6i tru-dng tCp tru-dng eu-dng dp manh Cac thiet bj cdng nghe du-pc gpi chung la cac "thilt bj ldp xoay" (AVS) [5] Nguyen tac lam viec cua AVS du-a tren su- tac ddng dong thdi len vat lieu mpt tijtru-dng blln thien eu-dng dp manh cpng vdi tac ddng ca hpc tru-c tilp cua cac hat edng tac (sat tu-) chuyln dpng hon loan vdi t i c dp cao tCp trudng Kit qua la eae vat lieu dem XLP ly buIng edng tae AVS se bj khuiy trpn lien tuc vdi cu-dng dp manh va cd du-pc hoat tinh cao v l mat hda hpc Trong bai bao chung tdi trinh bay nghien cu-u v l tac ddng cua tu- tru-dng manh blln thien va moi tru-dng Idp xoay thilt bj AVS len ddng hpc qua trinh hoan nguyen Fe va Ni tCp eae oxit Fe203 va NiO tu-ang li-ng, dong thdi khao sat cac tfnh chit eua san pham thu du-pc Thyc nghiem 2.1 Dieu ehe cae miu vat lieu Vat lieu dem nghien cu-u la bpt Fe203 cd kieh thu-dc mieromet (micro Fe203) va bpt nano NiO (Hinh 1) Bpt nano NiO thu du-pc sau qua trinh nhiet phan bpt nano Ni(0H)2d nhiet d5300°C vdng gid Tru-dc dd bdt nanoNi(OH)2 du-pc tong hpp bang phu-ang phap hda ling k i t tija tiJ- dung djch muli Ni(N03)2nong dp 10 % [dllu e h l tCp muoi Ni(N03)2-6H20, Cdng ty Hda chit REACHEM, CHLB Nga] mdi tru-dng k i l m vdi dp pH bang 9, nhiet dp 10°C K i t tua tao dem lpc rCpa bang nu-dc d t may quay ly tam t i c dp cao "ROTANTA 460" (Hettich, DLPC), sau dd say khd id d nhiet dp 50 °C vdng 72 gid Bdt CONG NGHIEP MO SO - 2017 KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO micro Fe203 thu du-pe sau qua trinh nhiet phan hydroxit sat (III) a-F=eOOH (Cdng ty Hda chat REACHEM, CHLB Nga) d nhiet dp 350°C vdng gid ''V ^^^^^^^•L^ fl^^^^^l H Anh SEM bdt micro Fe203va nano NiO: a - Micro ^6203/ b - Nano NiO TLP anh SEM vat lieu ban d i u cho thiy cae hat micro Fe203 cd dang khoi d u dp x l p eao, du-dng kinh 5-H7 pm, edn cac hat nano NiO cd dang vay mdng kich thu-dc cd 100 nm, day 10 nm Dien tich rieng b l mat cua ehung du-ac l i n lu-at la 7,2 va 145,2 m% 2.2 Phwang phap nghien ciru Thi nghiem nghien cu-u dpng hpc qua trinh hoan nguyen Fe va Ni tCr cac oxit Fe203 va NiO tu-ang Cpng du-pc tlln hanh tren thilt bj Idp xoay "UAP-3", CHLB Nga (Hinh 2), gia tri bien dp cam Cpng cua tCp tru-dng biin thien ap buong phan Cpng dat 0,16 T De xac djnh cac tham so nhiet dpng^ hpc qua trinh hoan nguyen d l l u kien b i t dang nhiet, cac m i u vat lieu ban d i u gom bpt micro Fe203 va nano NiO du-pc t l l n hanh khao sat bang phu-ang phap phan tich nhiet khoi tren thilt bj phan tich "SDTQ600" (TA Instruments, Hoa Ky) vdi dieu kien toe d6 nung kh6ng doi °C/phut m6i tru-dng khf hydro va khoang nhiet dp tCf 25^500 °C Phan tfch djnh tinh va djnh lu-png p h i n cac pha cac m i u vat lieu theo phu-ang phap nhieu xa tia X du-pc t l l n hanh tren thilt bj "Difrey 401" (CHLB Nga), hinh anh hien vi SEM cua cac miu vat lieu nghien CCPU du-pc chup tren may "JSM67001=^" (Cong ty JEOL, Nhat Ban), dien tich b l mat rieng cua chung du-pc xac djnti bang phu-ang phap BET h i p phu dang nhiet nita nhiet dp t h i p qua thilt bj "NOVA 1200' (Quantachrome Instruments, Hoa Ky) Ca hat trung binh D cua bpt kim loai thu du-pc tfnh theo phu-ang trinh Selyakov-Serrer [6] (phan tfch ban dp rpng cae pic tren gian nhieu xa tia X) va du-a vao s l lieu dien tfch b l mat theo c6ng thu-c: D=6/(p.S) H.2 Sa dd ciu tao thiet bi lap xoay UAP-3: Ludng H2; - Bd phan cam irng tir cdng suit cao; - Cac hat cdng tac sit tir; - Cudn day; - Buong phan img cd thi diiu chlnh nhiet Cae hat edng tae sat tCp tao m6i tru-dng ldp xoay du-pe lam tCp cac dinh thep nhd chilu dai mm, du-dng kinh 0,5 mm M l i thi nghiem t i i n hanh vdi 20 g vat lieu va SLP dung 50-4^0 g dinh sat tCp Khi hydro du-pc eung c l p tCp thiet bj dien ly nu-dc "CAM-1"(CHLB Nga) edng suit 80 l/h Khi H2 tao du-pe lam khd qua he thing eae hat hut i m silicagel CONG NGHllP MO S01 - 2017 - U) Trong dd: p - Khoi lu-png rieng cua m i u , kg/m ; S Dien tich b l mat cua m i u , m^/kg Nang lu-png hoat hda cua qua trinh hoan nguyen dllu kien b i t ding nhiet du-pc xac djnh du-a vao phu-ang phap "Hieu-vi phan", SLP dung phu-ang trinh ea ban cua ddng hpc phan u-ng [7]: da A - , , f-E„ - = -.f(a).expU^ (2) Trong dd; a - Mirc dp chuyen hda, phan dan vj; T Nhiet dp, K; A He s l exponent, s ' \ b T i c dp nung, K/s; Ea - Nang lu-png hoat hda, J/mol; R H i n g sd khi, J/(molK); f ( a ) - Ham so phu thu6c KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO eua van toe phan u-ng vao mu-c dp chuyln h6a a; f (a)=(1-a)"; n - Bac cua phan u-ng Cac du-dng dpng hpc cua qua trinh hoan nguyen d i i u kien dang nhiet du-pc xay du-ng du-a tren phu-ang phap phan tich khoi lu-ang mau theo thdi gian, dd buong phan Cpng cua AVS du-pc tich hpp thiet bj can chfnh xac den 0,001 g cho phep xac djnh dp hut khdi cua m i u vat lieu qua trinh xay phan u-ng S l lieu thu du-pc dung de xay dyng thj dpng hpc a=f(i;) - Su- phu thupc mu-c dp chuyen h6a vao thdi gian ^ Hing so t i c dp phan Cpng k (m/s) d i i u kien dang nhiet du-pc tinh theo phu-ang trinh ddng hpc Mc Kewan [8]: k.T = D.d„.[l-(1-a)^«] ^^^ Trong dd: dg- Ty lu-png oxy cd oxit kim loai; x Thdi gian, s Ket qua va thao luan K i t qua phan tieh nhiet khii (H.3) eho t h i y qua |l}|[J trinh hoan nguyen Fe tu- bpt micro Fe203 trai qua giai doan tu-ang u-ng vdi pic tren d l thi Giai doan thCp n h i t la qua trinh khu- Fe203 v l oxit sat tCp Fe304 theo phan Cpng 3Fe203+H2=2Fe304+H20; van toe phan Cpng rieng ldn nhat dat gia trj 7,910"°s' ^ tai 325°C Giai doan thu- hai tu-ang u-ng vdi qua trinh khCp Fe304 v l Fe theo phan Cpng Fe304+4H2=3Fe+4H20, dien khoang nhiet dp 360-^530 °C Gia trj van t i e phan Cpng rieng Idn n l i i t dat 35,6iO'V^ tai 490°C; nang lu-png hoat hda cua qua trinh la 74 kJ/mol Tu-ang tu- tren d l thj nhiet khii qua trinh hoan nguyen Ni tCp bpt nano NiO cd pic tu-ang Cpng vdi hai giai doan xay Giai doan thCp nhit tu-ang Ci-ng vdi qua trinh loai bd nu-dc hap phu tinh the NiO cdn sdt lai qua trinh nhiet phan Ni(0H)2 xay chu-a hoan toan Giai doan thCp hai la qua trinh khCp NiO v l Ni kim loai theo phan u-ng NiO+H2=Ni+H20 xay khoang nhiet dp 250-^300 °C vdi nang lu-png hoat hda cua qua trinh 54 kJ/mol Van t i c rieng Idn n h i t dat gia tri 61,5-10"V^ tai 280 °C a) 40- """""^•"^^•••j^ r^ • 30 X 30- i 2y 25 / • 25 V 10 S 10 S s> fl 50 20 •15 ICO 150 20C :^C 300 330 NbiltdS.'C «0 450 500 550 «» ajH H.3 Dd thj phan tich nhiet khoi qua trlnh hoan nguyen tir bdt micro Fe203 (a) va nano NiO (b) bing H2:1 - Van tic phan irng rieng, s"'; - Thay ddi khii luang miu, % Tren ca sd cae tham s l nhiet dpng hpc thu du-pc sau qua trinh phan tich nhiet khii da tiin hanh nghien CCPU cac dac tamg dpng hpe qua trinh hoan nguyen Fe va Ni tLP bpt Fe203 va NiO tu-ang Cpng thilt bj AVS "UAP-3" tai cae nhiet dp du-pe chpn lin lu-pt la 450 va 280°C H.4 t h i hien cae du-dng dpng hpc qua trinh hoan nguyen tCp bpt Fe203 va NiO mdi tru-dng tTnh, mdi tnj-dng ap tCp va mdi tru-dng Idp xoay Cac gia tri hing s l toe dp phan Cpng k trinh bay Bang TLP cac du-dng dpng hpc thu du-pe d i i vdi ea hai tru-dng hpp Fe203 va NiO cd t h i k i t luan ring van toe qua trinh hoan nguyen moi tru-dng ap tCp it nhilu bj giam so vdi moi tru-dng tTnh Dieu cd the giai thich hien tu-png cac hat kim loai Fe (trong tru-dng hpp khCp Fe203) va Ni (trong tru-dng hpp khii- NiO) sinh cd tCp tinh, du-di tac ddng cua tCf tru-dng hut l i n kich thich qua trinh k i t tu hat ldn han dieu kien nhiet dp cao Chinh d l l u lam giam dien tich t i l p xuc b l mat cua cac hat oxit vdi cac nguyen tCp hydro; do qua trinh hoan nguyen bj cham di bdi giai doan khuech tan cae nguyen tCp hydro qua cac Idp vat ehit d i n be mat cac hat oxit Phan Cpng hoan nguyen Fe va Ni tCp bdt miao Fe203 va nano NiO tu-ang Cmg mdi txpdng Idp xoay dien vdi van tic Idn han tip 4H-5 lin so vdi mdi tru-dng tTnh va mdi trud-ng ap tCp Trong truo-ng hpp dii vdi bpt nano NiO qua trinh hoan nguyen tao bpt Ni m6i CONG NGHllP MO S01-2017 KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHl MO tru-dng Idp xoay kit thuc sau khoang 35 phut, cung vdi khoang thdi gian dd phan Cpng khCp mdi tru-dng ap to- va mdi truo-ng tTnh mdi diln vdi mu-c dp chuyln hda 24-r-26 % Tic dp hoan nguyen mdi tnj-dng Idp xoay fang manh la hieu u-ng hoat hda ca hpc cua cac hat sat tLP tac ddng tru-c tilp len vat lieu buIng phan Cpng, va dap ca hpc cLPdng dp manh lam tang nhiet dO cue bp tai cac diem va cham, tang hoat tinh hda hpc be mat cua cac hat oxit cung nhu- loai bd gin nhLP hoan toan viec kit tu cac hat vdi tao dieu kien de dang cho qua trinh khuech tan nguyen tu- hydro din cac be mat xay phan Cpng b) nano NIC, T = 280 "C "^^^^' miao F«03 T=450°C H.4 Cac dudng ddng hoc qua trinh hoan nguyen tir bdt micro Fe203 (a) va nano NiO (b) cac mdi trudng khac nhau: - Mdi truang Idp xoay; - Mdi trwang tfnh; - Mdi tnrang ap tif Bang Hing sd tic phan irng qua trlnh hoan nguyen tir bdt micro Fe203 va nano NiO r Miu Vcit li@u -• • Nhi6t d6, °C Micro Fe203 Nano NiO j ik 450 280 _J, Hang s l tic dp phan u-ng/C /0", m/s " ^ ,JH '•^^^ru-dng ap tCp Moi trLPdng Idp x d a ^ M M6i tru-dng tTnh 4,0 3,0 15 J H 26,3 21,6_jk — - 109.6 ^ ^ Kit qua dien tfch b l mat va cd hat trung binh cua san phim thu du-pc sau qua trinh hoan nguyen tLP bpt micro Fe203 va nano NiO cae dieu kien khae du-pe trinh bay Bang S l lieu eho thiy dien tich be mat cua cac hat kim loai thu du-pe nhd han gia tri tu-ang u-ng cua cac bpt oxit sieu mjn ban diu, day la he qua cua qua trinh thieu kit cac hat sieu mjn dieu kien nhiet dp cao Do qua trinh thieu kit diin vdi eu-dng dp manh, san pham eua qua trinh hoan nguyen moi tru-dng Idp xoay la cac hat ca ldn dang aglomerat cd dien tieh b l mat rit nhd kh6ng dang ke Bang Kit qua dien tich bi mat, ca hat trung binh va ham Iwang pha kim loai ciia cac san phim hoan nguyen H ^ ^ P ^ Miu gian ^ ^ ^ 1b|d.i ffpfiut Fe203 ban dau Micro Moi tru-dng tTnh Fe203 Mdi tru-dng ap tCp Mdi tru-dng xoay Idp NiO ban diu Nano Mdi tru-dng tTnh NiO M6i tru-dng ap tip Mdi truuHbukaav-lflind 200 200 120 90 %Fe (Ni) 78 73 100 100 Dien tich rieng Ca hat trung Ca hat theo Selyakovbe mat S, m^/g binh 0, nm Serrer, nm 7,2 159 3,6 238 3,5 251 - r 93,JJP Phan tich hinh anh hiln vi SEM eua cac san phim hoan nguyen tCp bpt micro Fe203 (Hinh 5) cho thiy miu vat lieu thu du-pc mdi tru-dng tTnh la bpt Fe CONG NGHllP MO S d i - J45.^^ iMB 10,-g'' '• - - 92 63 76 fe~—i sieu mjn cd phan b l hat theo kich thu-dc kha dong diu vdi ed hat 0,2-=-0,8 pm Trong mdi tru-dng ap tucac hat kit tu cac khii aglomerat dp xlp KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO cao vdi kich thu-dc cd 5-^10 pm Hoan nguyen mdi tru-dng Idp xoay dien vdi t i c dp cao nhu-ng san pham thu du-pc co dp phan tan thap, la cac vien kim loai Fe dac khii kich thu-de 200-1000 pm Tu-ang tu-, nghien CCPU anh SEM cua bpt kim loai Ni thu du-pc sau qua trinh hoan nguyen cac mau nano NiO (H.6) cac d l l u kien khac cho thiy vat lieu thu du-pe mdi tru-dng tTnh la cac hat nano Ni dac tru-ng kieh thu-dc tCp 40-H150 rim San pham hoan nguyen mdi tru-dng ap tCp manh biin thien la cac hat nano Ni ca 30-^100 r|m, bien gidi hat rd rang, tu-ang tu- cd xu hu-dng k i t tu cac aglomerat ldn Hoan nguyen bdt nano NiO mdi tru-dng Idp xoay tu-ang tu- nhutru-dng hap vdi bdt micro Fe203, se khdng nhan du-pc bpt sieu cua kim loai, ma san pham la cac vien kim loai Ni dac khoi, kieh thu-dc cd vai chuc d i n 100 pm H.5 Anh SEM bdt Fe thu duac sau qua trinh hoan nguyen micro Fe203 a - Mdi truang ffnh; b - Moi trudng ap tir; c - Mdi truang lap xoay 0) I-lOMi: l.tl 15.I1.V X100 lOO^i i v,V':"m H.6 Anh SEM bdt Ni thu duac sau qua trinh hoan nguyen nano NiO a - Mdi truang ffnh; b - Mdi trudng ap tir; c - Mdi trudng lap xoay Ket luan Trong nghien cu-u cac tae gia da tien hanh khao sat dac tru-ng ddng hpe qua trinh hoan nguyen cac kim loai Fe va Ni tCp cac mau bdt sieu mjn micro Fe203 va nano NiO vdi cae mdi tru-dng khac thilt bj AVS "UAP-3" cung nhukhao sat nhCi-ng tinh chit cua vat lieu thu du-pe K i t qua nghien CCPU cho thiy: > Qua trjnh hoan nguyen tCf bpt micro Fe203 xay vdi van t i e phan Cpng rieng Idn nhit 35,6-10"^s , dat du-pc tai nhiet dp 490°C vdi nang lu-png hoat hda 74 kJ/mol; cac gia tri tu-ang Cpng d i i vdi bpt nano NiO l i n lu-pt la 61,5-10"V\ 280°C va 54 kJ/mol; > T i c dp hoan nguyen ca hai tru-dng hpp bpt micro Fe203 va nano NiO d i u ft nhieu bj giam m6i tru-dng ap tCp va tang len tCp 4H-5 l i n mdi tru-dng Idp xoay; > Dp phan tan eua san pham bdt Fe va Ni thu du-pc giam so vdi vat lieu tu-ang Cpng ban dau San pham hoan nguyen tCp bdt micro Fe203 mdi tru-dng tTnh la cae hat Fe sieu mjn ed hat 0,2-^0,8 pm; mdi tru-dng ap tCp ehung k i t tu cac khii aglomerat dp x l p cao kich thu-de tCp 5-e-IO pm CONG NGHllP MO S - 2017 KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO San pham hoan nguyen bpt nano NiO mdi tru-dng ap tip manh biin thien la cac hat nano Ni cd 30^-100 nm San pham sau qua trinh hoan nguyen tCf bpt micro Fe203 va nano NiO mdi tru-dng Idp xoay la cac vien kim loai Fe va Ni dac khdi vdi kich cd tu-ang Crng lan lu-pt la 200-1000 pm va vai chuc d i n 100 p m n TAI LIEU THAM KHaO Ngu-o-i bien tap: Tran Van Tr^ch Tip khoa: dSc trung ddng hoc; bdt sieu mjn; qua trlnh hoan nguydn; mdi tnrang twang tac Ngay nhan bai: 11-08-2016 Ngay duyet dang: 25-11-2016 SUMMARY Yuri Zakharov, Kolmykov RP Chuan bj bpt kich thu-dc nano cua niken va coban cho nganh cdng nghiep hien dai Ban tin khoa hpc Polzunovsky 2008 S l Tr 137-140 (tiing Nga) Ryzhonkov D.I., V.V Levin, Dzidziguri E.L Tai lieu giao khoa;Vat lieu nano NXB Binom Moskva 2012 Tr 20-54 (tieng Nga) Konyukhov Yu.V., Ryzhonkov D.I., Levin V.V., Dzidziguri E.L Luyen kim den NXB Izvestia Vuzov, Moskva 2005 So Tr 11-15 (tiing Nga) Mikhailov I Yu., Konyukhov Yu.V., Ryzhonkov D.I., Kostisyn M.A NXB Luyen kim bdt va ma chu-c nang Izvestia Vuzov 2012 S l Tr 51-54 (tieng Nga) Logvinenko D.D., Shelyakov O.P Sach khoa hpc: Tang cu-dng cac qua trinh ly hda may tCp tru-dng Idp xoay NXB Kiev Technics, Kiev 1976 (tieng Nga) Umansky J.S., Skakov Y.A Sach khoa hpc; Tinh t h i hpc, tia X va kinh hien vi dien tCp NXB Luyen kim, Moskva 1982 (tiing Nga) M Brovi/n, D Dollimor, Galway A Phan Cpng the r i n NXB T h i gidi, Moskva 1983 (tiing Nga) Mckewan W.M Trans Met Soc AIME., 1960 Tuyen tap 218 Tr 2-6 In here we present the studies of the kinetic regularities of the ferromagnetic nickel and iron ultrafine powders by hydrogen reduction in a stilllayer, in a layer under influence of strong alternating magnetic field and in a vortex layer created by ferromagnetic bodies under the action of this field Via TGA, differencedifferential method and Mc Kewan models we calculated kinetic parameters of the reduction processes Properties of the obtained reduced product were studied by the X-ray diffraction, specific surface area by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption measurements and scanning electron microscopy It has been shown, the reduction process of micro powder and nano-powder in the magnetic field somewhat slowed, but the rate of reduction in the vortex layer is increased from to times The dispersion of the obtained Ni and Fe powders is reduced compared with the initial oxide samples Products of reduction processes in the vortex layer are metal granules of Fe and Ni sized of 200-1000 pm and 100 pm, respectively SAN XUAT TiOz BANG doanh nghiep l i n d i u Cpng dung cdng nghe clorua cd the dCpng vij-ng, tru lai vdi thj tru-dng va phat huy hieu qua.Q (Tiip theo trang 78) Chu d i u tu- c i n chuin bj du nguon vdn c i n thilt Toi thieu khoang 100 trieu USD ( d i i vdi nha may edng s u i t khoang 30.000 tin/nam) den 200 trieu USD (ddi vdi nha may 60.000 tin/nam) Cdng tac dao tao nguon nhan lu-c d n du-pc dam bao hinh du-pc dpi ngu can bd quan ly, van hanh cdng nghe thuc, dat hieu qua; > Yeu t l ho trp eua Nha nu-dc la cu-c ky quan trpng Nha nu-dc tao d l l u kien v l cac mat nhu-: ehfnh saeh v l quan ly, bao ve mdi tru-dng; chinh sach hd trp v l v i n , t h u l cac loai, de cae CONG NGHllP MO S - 2017 TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Titanium Dioxide China Monthly Report - Sep 2009 Why has domestic chloride process titanium dioxide only child one? - www.mingyuu.com; China challenged to build own chloride-route Ti02 plant - 21 Feb 2012-ICIS News; Henan Billions gains License of Ti02 Chloride process technology from PPG http://www cnchemieals.com; Titanium Dioxide China Monthly R e p o r t Apr 2014 ... vdi moi tru-dng tTnh Dieu cd the giai thich hien tu-png cac hat kim loai Fe (trong tru-dng hpp khCp Fe203) va Ni (trong tru-dng hpp khii- NiO) sinh cd tCp tinh, du-di tac ddng cua tCf tru-dng... SLP dung phu-ang trinh ea ban cua ddng hpc phan u-ng [7]: da A - , , f-E„ - = -.f(a).expU^ (2) Trong dd; a - Mirc dp chuyen hda, phan dan vj; T Nhiet dp, K; A He s l exponent, s '' \ b T i c dp... kien dang nhiet du-pc tinh theo phu-ang trinh ddng hpc Mc Kewan [8]: k.T = D.d„.[l-(1-a)^«] ^^^ Trong dd: dg- Ty lu-png oxy cd oxit kim loai; x Thdi gian, s Ket qua va thao luan K i t qua phan