T^P CHI KHOA HOC VA C C N G NGHE, Trucmg D?i hgc Khoa hoc, DH Hue Tap 9, So (2017) T I N H T O A N P H A T T H A I K H I N H A K I N H TU" XE M A Y : N G H I E N C U l j TRlTCWVG H O P T R E N D I A B A N P H l / d N G P H U N H U A N , T H A N H P H O H U E Tran Ngpc Tuan*, D u o n g T h a n h C h u n g , Tran V a n Phiic, Ngo Xuan Tai Khoa Moi truong, T r u d n g Dai hpc IChoa hpc, Dai hpc H u e *Email: trangoctuan@gmail.com T O M TAT Su phat trien n h a n h vesd l u p n g ciia cacphLicmg tien giao thong gop p h a n gia tang d a n g kenong d p nha kinh quyen p h o Hue, xe may la p h u o n g tien giao thong ca nhan p h o biSi, vgyviec tinh toan nha kinh phat thai tif hoat d o n g Imi thong a i a xe m a y la het siic can thiet kiem ke n h a kinh a i a toan p h o , Bai bao xay d u n g p h u o n g p h a p tinh toan nha kinh phat thai tir xe may luu thong tren d u o n g p h o thong qua viec xac djnh luu l u p n g trung binh a i a xe may qua m a t cat cua cac d u o n g p h d v a tong chieu dai ciia cac tuyen d u t m g p h o do.Mgt cong thiic tinh toan da dupc xay d u n g v a d u p c ap d u n g d e u d c tinh nha kinh p h a t thai tif boat d g n g l u u thong ciia xe may tren cac t u y a i d u d n g chinh thuge p h u d n g Phii Nhuan, p h o H u e , Theo ket qua tinh toan, l u p n g nha kinh phat thai h a n g nam hoat d p n g a i a xe may l u u thong tren 07 tuy&i d u d n g chinhciia p h u d n g Phii Nhuan, p h o H u e la 6.902.161 kgCChe Tir khoa; nha kinh, giao thong, xe may, p h o H u e M O D A U B i e n d d i k h i h a u d u p c x e m la t h a c h t h i i e I d n n h a t ciia t o a n t h e n h a n logi t r o n g giai d o a n h i e n n a y N g u y e n n h a n c h i n h g a y r a s u t h a y d d i k h i h g u la d o g i a t a n g l u p n g k h i n h a k i n h (KNK) t r o n g k h i q u y e n H o g t d p n g g i a o t h d n g v a n t a i la Iinh v u c d d n g g d p d a n g k e v a o p h a t t h a i K N K v a d t h a n h p h o H u e c i i n g k h d n g n g o a i le T h e o k e t q u a k i e m k e K N K p h a t t h a i tir d o t n i i i e n Ueu n a m 2010, t r e n t o a n q u o e , l i n h v u e g i a o tiidng v a n t a i d a p h a t t h a i 31.817,9 n g h i n t a n COze (CO2 q u y ddi), c h i e m 22,54 % t d n g l u p n g p h a t tiiai v a c d n g la liiih v u c p h a t t h a i d u n g t h i i b a s a u c d n g n g h i e p n a n g l u p n g (29,08%) v a e d n g n g h i e p s a n x u a t v a x a y d t m g (26,97%) T r o n g l i n h v u c g i a o t h o n g tiii g i a o t h d n g d u d n g b p e h i e m ty le p h a t t h a i K N K I d n n h a t v d i % [1], CJ V i e t N a m , xe m a y d d n g m d t v a i trd q u a n t r p n g t r o n g v i e e d a p i i n g n h u c a u d i l a i eiia n g u d i d a n T r o n g k h i ca n u d e ehi cd 1,5 t r i e u d td t h i ed d e n 40 t r i e u xe m a y Tinh todn phdt thdi nhd kinh ti^^ xe mdy: nghiin cieu trudng hgp trin dia bdn phucmg Phd Nhugn, tham gia giao thdng [2].Dieu edng phii hop vdi dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi ciia Viet Nam hien Mdt nghien eiiu eua Bundit Limmeeehokeha va cdng suvao nam 2013ve "Giam thieu CO2 lmh vue giao thdng dudng bp d Thai Lan: Phan tieh hi|u qua kinh te va nang lupng sinh hpe" da eho biet linh vue giao thdng dudng bd tieu thu phan Idn nhien lieu oia nganh giao tiidng (ehiem 78%) va ddng gdp phan Idn phat thai CO2 Ket qua nghien eiiu da du bao ring su gia tang nhanh eac loai phuong tien giao thdng se keo theo su gia tang phat thai KNK, lupng phat thai nam 2010 la 42.852 ktCO2(lkt=1.000 tan)va se tang len 80.717 kt-COz vao nam 2030 Nhu vgy ddng gdp vao phat thai KNK eua linh virc giao thdng la rat Idn, dae biet la giao thdng dudng bd Viec tinh toan phat thai KNK phat thai fir lihh vue that su can tiiiet gdp phan vao danh gia, kiein ke eiing nhu tim phuong an giam phat thai KNK eua dia phuang, Ciing nhu eae khae aia Viet Nam, phuang tien giao thdng chii yeii cua Hue la xe may Do vay, bai bao hudng den viee xay dung eong thiic tinhde ap dung tinh toan KNK phat thai tir hoat ddng eua phuang tien giao tiiong xe may tren dia ban Hue vdi trudng hpp nghidn ciiu dioi hinh d phudng Phii Nhuan, Hue P H L T O N G PHAP NGHIEN CLTU 2.1 Phucmg phap thu thap dii li^u - Lap dgt camera ghi hinh tren cae tuyai dudng phd chinh oia phudng Phii Nhuan, eac tuyen dudng dupe lap camera ghi hinh bao gdm: Ddng Da, Le Hong Phong, Ly Thudng Kiet, Nguyen Hue, Ha Ndi, Himg Vuong, Nguyen Khuyen - Tai mdi diem, camera dupe ghi hinh lien tuc tir gid sang den 22 gid dem (sau khoang thdi gian luu lupng kha thap), cac dogn phim sau dupc xem chgm lgi bang phan mem Media Player Classic va dem so lupt xe may di qua mat cat ngang cua tuyen dudng, dii lieu dupc ghi lai vdi hd trp eiia may dem cam tay PHQ HOI Nha Hing Ciy a Ttung ucigllijE '''"; '\N "'"' „\ ' r-"a-bi,;^-.* -—_j ,«»-^ Htnh So vi tri d TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C N G N G H ^ , Truong Dai hoc Khoa hoc, DH Hue Tgp 9, So (2017) 2.2 Phucmg phap tinh toin nha kinh phat thai tir hoat dpng cua xe may Xuat phat tir thuc tien, lupng KNK phat thai tir hoat dpng luu thdng eiia phuang tien xe may tren dudng la qua trinh tieu thu nhien Keu.Do vay,viec tinh toan lupng KNK phat thai tir hogt ddng eiia xe mayed the dupe tong quat hda bang edng thiic sau: 2] KNK phat thai = £ nhien lieu tieu thu x he so phat thai Lupng nhien lieu tieu thu phu fhupe vao tong ehieu dai quang dudng di chuyen ciia cac xe may va tong quang dudng di chuyoi se dupe xae dinh bang tdng quang dudng di ehuyen ciia mdi mpt xe may Tir nhiing lap luan nay,viec tinh toan KNK phat thai tix hoat ddng oia xe may dupe md ta thdng qua so d hinh Xac djnh mat dd xe (s6 xe/km) K ] van t6c cua xe (km/h) -_ T6ng chilu dki quSng dutmg (km) Udc tinh t^ng quang dirong di chuyin (km/gio) (X) luyendu&ng I Sil dung he s6 phat thai (kgCOae/L) Hi sd dupc tham khdo a ^ Tinh todn phdt tliai KNK (kgCOje) -^ ytdc tieu thu nhien lieu (L/km) [ Thdng qiia dieu tra thuc ! I te tgi c a ban nghien \ Hinh So tinh toan nh^ kinh phat thai tir giao thong KET QUA NGHIEN CtfU VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Xay dung cong thiic tinh phat thai nha kinh tii hoat dpng cua xe may Tir nhihig lap luan d mue 2.2, quang dudng di chuyen ciia cac xe may phu thupe vao van tde va thdi gian boat ddng eua xe may tren dudng phd Tdng dudng di cua tat ea xe may di chuyen tren dudng gid bangsd luat xe may (xe)xvan toe tnmg binh/xe (^km/gid) Hinh bieu dien str di ehuyen theo nhieu hudng khae cua eac phuong tien giao thdng tren dudng Thuc te cho thay ed nhieu xe chay tren tuyoi dudng A nhung khdng di qua diem khao sat (KS) va eiing ed nhung xe chi luu thdng mpt doan eiia tuyen dudng nhung lai di qua diem khao sat (KS) Do vgy, tgi diem khao (KS) duoc chap nhgn la dae trung luu lupng trung binh eua toan bd tuyen dudng Tinh todn phdt thdi nhd kinh tie xe mdy: nghiin cieu trucmg hgp trin dia bdn phudng Phd Nhudn, Hinh So bieu dien su di chuyen ciia cac phuong tien xe m i y tren dudng De d o n gian, viee tinh tong q u a n g d u d n g di ehuyen gid(E Qdi chuyen)cua eae xe m a y d u p e the h i ^ d hinh N h u vay se la p h e p n h a n eiia m a t ddxe may (xe/km) vdi ehiieu d a i t u y a i d u d n g (km) va chieu d a i q u a n g d u d n g eiia xe di gid (chinh la v a n toe trung binh eiia xe may, km/gid), edng thiic tinh dupe viet n h u sau: S Qdi chuyen = M x m X Q d t X - (1) Trong do: -J^Qdichuya, :Tdng chieu q u a n g d u d n g eiia tat ca xe m a y di ehuySi khoang thdi gian gid (km/gid) - Mxm : Mat dp trung binh xe may tren d u d n g p h o (xe/km) - Qdi : Chieu dai d o a n d u d n g (km) - Vxm-tb :Quang d u d n g d i d u p c ciia xe m a y thai gian gid, ehinh bang van tdc t n m g binh ciia xe m a y (km/gid) Trong m a t d p xe m a y (Mxm) tai mdt tiidi diem cd the xae dinh bang each lay tdng so xe di qua mat cat tuyen d u d n g d o n vi thdi gian (vi du tinh gid) chia cho quang d u d n g ma xe di chuyeri ehinh thdi gian d o (van toe) Mgt d6 eua xe m a y doan d u d n g 1km ed the thay n h u vi d u d hinh so N h u vgy mat dp ed the d u p e tinh n h u sau: Mxm = Lxm/Vxm (2) Trong d "bxm Liru lupng xe m a y (xe/gio) -Vx„ Van toe trung binh ciia xe m a y (km/gid) Tir (1) va (2) suy ra: S Qj, chuyfe = Lx„ X Q^, X 176 (3) TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA C N G NGHg, Trtrimg Dgi hgc Khoa hgc, DH Hue _ Tap 9, So (2017) Trong do: - ZQ^ii ch"y&' :Tdng chieu quang dudng eiia tat ea xe may di chuyen khoang thdi gian gid (km/gid) * -L^m '• Lu^ lupng xe may (xe/gid) - Qdt : Chieu dai doan dudng (km) 1km s4 * 9% s* * s * * '»* * * S % * J * * * * S* ** J* s% s* *^* «»*^^' * ^- « * « * > * Hinh Vi du ve mat xe may tren dirdng Trong trudng hpp tinh toan quang dudng di cho khoang Ihdi gjan nhieu hon gid (2 gid, ngay, ) gpi la thdi gian t Tong quang dudng di chuy&i khoang thdi gian t (Z Qdi chuy6n_t)< Qdt X " ^ (4) Trong do: - S Qdi chuyen t : Tong ehieu quang dudng ciia tat ca xe may di chuyen khoang fhdi gian t(km/ thdi gian (gid, ngdy, )) "I^m-t • Lmi lupng xe may thdi gian t (xe/tiidi gian t) - Qflt : Chieu dai dogn dudng (km) Neu tinh toan tren nhieu (n) tuyendudng dong thdi thi edng thiie tinh tong quang dudng di ehuyen dupc tdng quat hda nhu sau: Qdichuye-n_t = S i l l Lxm,t i X Qdt i X ; ^ (5) Trong do: - b)(m_ti • Lini lupng xe mayeiia tuyen dudng i khoang tiidi gian t (xe/thdi gian (gia, ngdy)) - Qdt i : Chieu dai cua dudng i (km) KNK phat thai tir boat ddng eiia phuong tien xe may khoang thdi gian t dupe tinh toan bang cdng thiic sau: Ph^t t h a i KNKt = S Qdichuye'n.t X EF X A (6) Trong dd: -SQdichuy«n_t "Tong chieu quang dudng ciia tat ea xe may di chuyen khoang thdi gian t(km/thdi gian fgicr, ngay)) Tinh todn phdt thdi nhd kinh tie xe mdy: nghien cieu trudng hgp tren dja bdn phucmg Phd Nhu - EF : Hp so phat thai KNK tieu thu don v; nhien Heu (kgCaeA.) -A : Miie tieu thunhien lieu cua xe may(L/km) Tir edng fhiie (5) va (6), cong thiic tong quatve phat thai KNK tir hogt ddng cua phuong tien xe may tren dudng dupc viet nhu sau: Phatth^i KNKt = 2P=iLxm_ti x Qdti x^j^x EF x A (7) Trong do: - L«m-ti : Luu lupng xe may qua tuyen dudng itrong thdi gian t (xe/thdi gian (gid, ngdy)) - Qdi> : Ciiieu dai eua tuyen dudng i (km) - EF : He sd phat thai KNK tieu thu don vi nhien lieu (kgC02e/L) -A : Nhien li|u tieu thu eiia xe may(L/km) 3.2 Du lieu ve dieu ki^n giao thdng, xe may d Hue 3.2.1 Dii lieugiao thdng khu vuc nghien ciiu Phudng Phii Nhugn la mot nhung phudng tnmg tam cua Hue, tren dia ban phudng ed cae tuyen dudng chinh ciia nhu dudng Ha Npi, Himg Vuong, Ddng Da, Nguyen Hue, Tgi cac tuyen dudng lua chpn nghien ciiu se lap dat camera ghi hinh (vi tri lap dat camera nhu d hinh 1) Thdng tin chieu dai cac tuyen dudng d bang ehi la mdt phan eiia cae tuyen dudng va thupe dia ban nghien ciiu, chieu dai cac tuyen dudng dupe bang cdng cu tim dudng di tren googlemap Bdng LThong tin cae tuyen dudng phudng Phii Nhuan stt Tuyen duong Dong Da Le Hong Phong Nguyen Hue Nguyen Khuyen Ly Thuong Kiet Ha Noi Hung Vuong Chieu dai (km) 0,5 0,55 0,85 0,35 0,8 0,4 1,8 Ghi chd:- chiiu ddi tuyin dudng chi nam phgm vi phudng Phd Nhudn, thdnh phd'Hu - Camera dgt lgi vi tri giao giiia dudng Nguyin Hue vd Nguyen Khuyi'n du tdch die lieu cho du&ng Nguyin Hue vd Nguyin Khuyai TAP CHi KHOA H O C ^ A CONG NGHE, Tmong Dai hoc Khoa hpc, DH Hue Tap 9, So (2017) 3,2.2 Dii lieu xe may hogt dpng tr&n dudng chinh d phudng Phii Nhuan So lieu khao sat ve so lupng xe may qua mat cat ngang mdt tai mdt so tuyen dudng phudng Phii Nhuan ed su khac biet Idn giiia cae tuyen dudng Luu lupng Idn nhat la dudng Himg Vuong vdi 109,846 lup^ngay gap Ian tuyen dudng Le Hong Phong, 19.595 lupVngay (la tuyen ed luu lupng thap nhat cac tuyen khao sat) D£eu ed the dupc ly giaidudng Himg Vuang la true dudng ehinh dan vao pho, cdn mdt so tuyai nhu Le Hong Phong, Nguyln Khuyen la eac tuyen dudng phu nen mat dp luu thdng thap hon So lieu luu lupng xe eu the qua eac tuyen dudng nghien ciiu dupc the hien d bang Bdng So lupt phuong tien xe may TT Duong phd Dong Da Le Hong Phong Ly Thuong BCiet Nguyen Hue Nguyen Khuyen Ha Noi Hung Vuong So luot xe (chiec) 63.976 19.595 50.003 43.336 22.931 54.148 109.846 Ngoai ra, ket qua khao sat luu lupng xe tir gid sang deh 22 gid tdi eho thay cd su thay doi dang ke d eae thdi diem khac Luu lupng xe qua cae tuyen dudng d cae moc thdi gjan dupc bieu dien d hinh Tir hinh eiing eho thay cac mdc thdi gian ed luu lupng Idn hon vao luc 7-8 gid, 11-12 gid, 13-14 gid va 17-18 gid, dieu phii hop vdi thdi gian di lamciia eae nhan vien lam viee gid hanh ehinh, thdi gian di hpe eiia hpe sinh, sinh vien •Dflng Da LeHSng Phong • ^ L y ThtrimgKi^t •Nguyln Huf •Nguyln Kiiuy^n Ha NOi Himg Vuong Tiioi gian (gid) Hinh Dien bien luu luong xe may cua cac tuyen dudng khao sat Tinh todn phdt thdi nhd kinh tie xe mdy: nghiin cihi truong hop trin dia bdn phucmg Phd Nhud 3.3 Phat nha kinh tii hogt dpng luu thong cua xe gan may d phudng Phu Nhugn Tir cdng thirc (5) ap dung tinh toan phat thai KNK tir hogt ddng ciia xe may eho tuyen dudng dupc lua chpn d phudng Phii Nhuan, Hue, ket qua tinh toan dupc trinh bay d bang Bdng Ket qua KNK phat thai tir hoat dgng ciia xe may d Hue (4)A B)EF ' 'Lxm-ngayi P>Qdt, KNK phat thii Stt Tuyen duong (kgC02e/L) (L/km) (kgC02e/ngay) (xe/ngay) (km) Ddng Da 63.976 0,5 1.789 Le Hdng Phong 19.595 0,55 603 Ly Thucmg Kiet 50.003 0,85 2.377 Nguyen Hue 43.336 0,35 848 2,33 0,024 Nguyen 22.931 0,8 1.026 Khuyen 0,4 Ha Noi 54.148 1.211 109.846 Hung Vuong 1,8 11.057 Tong 18.910 "^Sfflugt xe mdy mdy duac thdng ki tie viic ddt camera ghi hinh tgi thuc dia '^ Chiiu ddi cdc tuyin dudng dugc dgc thdng qua cdng cu tim dudng cita googlemap «' Hi sffphdt thai COie tiiu thu lit xdng dugc tham khdo tdi lieu (kgCOie/L) [5]