AP CHf PHATTRIEN NHAN LUC - SO 3(56)2018 BAO VE MOI TRl/GfNG - TRACH NHIEM CUA TOAN XA HOI THS N G U Y I N T H ! KIM DUNG o TOMTAT Ngdy Mdi trudng thi gidi Id su kien thudng niin Idn nhdt v4 bdo vi moi trudng dugc td chdc vdo ngdy thdng hdng ndm Nhdn dip Ngdy Mdi trudng thi gidi ndm 2018, tdc gid chia se mdt sd thdng tin ve thuc trang mdi trudng hiin d Viet Nam ciing nhu nhdng suy nghi cua minh ve tdm :juan ciia viic bdo vi mdi trudng, ve trdch nhiem bdo ve mdi trudng vd cdc gidi phdp gdp p bdo vi mdi trudng cua todn xd hgi Tir khoa; mdi trudng; bdo ve mdi trudng; Ngdy Mdi trudng thi gidi; biin ddi hdu; da igng sinh hgc l.Mdddu Mdi trudng la todn bg cdc dieu kien tu nhidn, ihdn tao bao quanh ngudi cd tdc ddng tdi idi sdng, su tdn tai vd phat trien cua ngudi Ik thien nhien Mdi trudng cd tam quan trpng idc biet ddi vdi ddi sdng ngudi, Id co sd l^n tang de phat trien kinh te, van hda, xd hdi ao cho ngudi phuong tien sinh sdng va )hdtttidn.Vide bao vd mdi trudng sdng ^nh, sach dep Id nhidm vu ttpng yeu, cap bdch didng chi cua mdi qudc gia ma cua ca the gidi; idc biet thdi ky cdng nghidp hda, hien dai Ida, cimg vdi la bien ddi bdu da, dang ;ay nhiing nguy hai to Idn cho ddi sdng igudi Mdi trudng la van de todn cau, Lidn Hpp Judc dd chpn ngdy thdng bdng nam lam Jgay Mdi trudng tb^ gidi Bao vd tdt mdi trudng hi ngudi mdi cd the tao mdt cudc sdng 3t dep, ben viing, lau dai, Ddy la trdch nhiem iia todn nhdn loai Hoat ddng chi dng cd su chung tay gdp sdc cua tdt cd mgi gudi Bao vd mdi trudng la nhdn td bao dam sdc Pho tnrdng Khoa Lu?t - Hpc vi§n CSn bg Thanh ph6 Chi Minh khde vd chdt lupng cudc sdng cua nhdn ddn; gdp phan quan trpng vao vide phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, dn djnh chinh tri, an ninh qudc gia va thuc day hpi nhdp kinh te qudc te Nhiem vu quan trpng la bien nhan thuc thdnh hdnh ddng cu the de thuc su bdo ve mdi trudng dac biet ddi vdi nude ta - mdt dat nude chiu anh hudng Idn ciia bien ddi hdu, Thuc trang v^n d^ mdi trudng d nUdc ta hien Theo Chuong trinh Sang kien ve tinh dd tdn thuong hdu cua To chdc Qudc td DARA International vd Didn dan cdc nude de bi tdn thuong vi Bien ddi Khi hau CVF (Climate Vulnerable Forum) tai Viet Nam bien ddi hdu udc tinh da lam thidt hai 5% GDP, tuong duong vdi IStiUSD (khodng 3.000.000 ty ddng) mdi nam Neu khdng cd nhiing bidn phap gidi quyet hieu qua, nhiing tac ddng cua bien ddi hau se khien Viet Nam tdn that nhi^u hon (11% GDP vao ndm 2030, udc tinh khodng 30 tyUSD) Khu vuc Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long cua Viet Nam, vua lua cua ca nude, la vung dan cu ddng due, ddng gdp mdt nira lupng gao cua ca nude va thdm chi hon mot nira thuy san va san pham NGUY§N TH! KIM DUNG - BAO Vg MOI TRUONG.J ttdi cay Den 2030, muc nude bien dang d ddng khdng cd Oxy hda tan) Cdc myen sdng khac bdng se 1dm cho 45% dien tich bi tdn thuong d^u xay tinhttangtuong tu.'^' vi mdn hda Theo bao cao, Viet Nam cd nguy co Theo Bp Tai nguyen va Mdittudng,hien nay, kinh td vi md bi tdn thuong bdi bien ddi hdu nhieu van de bdc xuc ve mdi trudng ddt, nude, tuong ddi cao so vdi cdc nen kinh te phdt ttien hd sinh thdi rimg tai Ddng b ^ g sdng Cim Long ban, vi nganh nong nghidp chidm 20% GDP va quattinhsir dung dat vdo muc dich n6ng sir dung hon mdt nira luc lupng lao ddng.'" nghiep, nudi thuy sdn, cdng nghidp vd dd thihoa Thdi gian qua, chiing ta da cd nhieu nd luc vi da 1dm bien ddi thdnh phan d^t vd nude, gay ttong viec bdo ve mdi trudng Tuy nhien, mdi suy thodi, d nhidm mdi trudng Mdi ndm toan trudng nude ta vdn hi xudng cdp nhanh, cd vung sd dung tridu tdn phdn hda hpc, 500.000 noi, cd luc da den mdc bao ddng: ddi vdi ca tan thudc bao ve thuc vdt vd che pham nuoi tdi nguyen nude, tdi nguyen dat, cd tinh ttang thuy san Qua ttinh dao dap ttong nudi thuy khdng Iheo ddnh gid ciia Tdng cue Mdi san dan tdi hien tupng xi phdn, xdm nhap maa trudng thudc Bp Tdi nguyen va Mdi trudng, Chat thdi nudi thuy sdn, chat thai san xuat, sinh mdc dp d nhidm vi sinh ttong nude sdng Sdi hoat chua dupe xir ly triet d^ ciing gdp phdn gay Gdn cd thdi di^m Idn den 400 Idn (chuyiu d d nhilm mdi trudng Trong vdi chuc ndm gdn luu), ngudn nude thai td cac khu cdng ddy, he sinh thairimgngap mdn ven bien, rimg nghidp, nude thai sinh hoat vd cdc loai chat thai tram ngap ung hi suy giam rat nhanh Hien dien nguy hai khde tCr cdc khu dd thi, co sd san xuat, tich rimg toan vung chi cdn 356.200 ha, y te vdn hang ngdy dd xudng ma chua duoc dd rimg tu nhien chi chiem 15%, cdn lai la rimg tai sinh, rdngttdng.Tinh da dang sinh hpc tai xiriy.t^ Dau thang 6/2012, tinh trang cd chet vimg rdng ngap man vd rimgttdmbi suy giam ttang hdng loat tten sdng Rang, Chi cue Nudi rat nghigm trpng Trudc day, rimg cd 239 loai trdng thiiy san thugc Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat cdy, 36 lodi thu, 182 loai chim ddm lay, 34 loai ttien ndng thdn tinh Bd Ria -Viuig Tdu da phdi bd sdt, lodi ludng cu, tdng cpng chi cdn vai hpp cung chinh quyen dia phuong tien hdnh chuc loai Tai vimg bien vd ven bien tmdc ddy khao sat, ddnh gid thiet hai cua cdc hd nudi cd 260 lodi ca, rat nhieu lodi nhuyln the, giap ttdng thiiy san tten dia bdn Sd Tai nguyen vd xdc nhung cdn rdt it.'^' Mdi trudng tinh cUng vao cudc di^u tta, khao sdt tinh hinh d nhilm ngudn nude tai tuydn sdng Cha Va, sdng Rang, vd sdng Rach Vdn Ket qua cho thay, tinh ttang d nhidm deu dign hdt siic nghidra trpng Sdng Rach Van cd ham lupng Nito Amdni vupt hdng chuc lan cho phep, ham lupng Oxy hda tan thap ban nhieu Idn gid tri quy chuan (ngudn nude tai vi tri quan trac Cd nhidu nguyen nhdn ddn ddntinhtrang xam hai mdi trudng: vl Ipi ich trudc m^t ciia cac cd nhdn, td chUc; nhdn thdc v^ tdm quan ttong va trdch nhiem bdo ve mdi trudng cdn th% hoat dgng qudn ly nha nude ve mdi tiudng chua ddp iing dupe yeu cau, ddi hdi cua thuc tidn, chua thuc su dem lai hieu lire, hieu qua; "> Mai Anh; "Bien doi h?u co thd khien ViSt NamfliiSth^i 30 ty USD", tu website' http•//www,vacne.org.vn/bien-doi-khihau-co-thc-khien-viet-nam-thiel-hai-30-ty-usd/210209,html, truy cap ngiy 10/03/2018 "' Thanh Binh: "Mite d$ nhiim vi sinh nuoc song Sii Gon vugt chuan vai chyc lan", tii website: http7/www,donre hochiminhcitygov.vn/tintuc/Lists/Posts/Post,aspx?List=f73cebc3-9669-400eb5fd-9e63a89949ro&ID=2885, tray cap 12/03/2018 "' L6 Anh Tuan- "Ngudn nu6i ca trSng tay vi nhilm", tiJwebsite:http://nhandan,com,vn/kinhte/chuyen-lam-a!i/ item/20108302-nguoi-nuoi-ca-trang-tay-vi-o-nhiem.html,tniy cap 12/03/2018 "' Tha Dat: "Chdng suy thoai moi tnrcmg tai D6ng bang song Cuu Long", tii website' http://vea.gov.vn/vn/quanlyml/kiemsoatonhiem/Pages/Ch%El%BB%91ng-suy-tho%C3%Alim%C3%B4i-tr%C6%B0%E I %BB%9Dng-t%E %B A%Ali%C4%90%E %BB%93ng-b%E %BA%B ng-s%C3%B4ngC%El%BB%ADu-Long-.aspx, truy cap 12/03/2018, NGUYEN TH! KIM DUNG - BAO V | MOI TRaONG khimg phdp ly de xir ly vi pham phap luat linh vuc cdn chua phu hpp De dau tranh phdng chdng vi pham phap luat ve mdi trudng can su tich cue tham gia cua nhieu cap, nhieu nganh va toan the nhan dan; vira phai khdn kheo, mem mdng vira can cuong quyet; vda nen ben bi, dung cam Cdng cudc can phai tidn hdnh thudng xuy^n, tdu dai; can cd su quan tam, dau tu "sdc ngudi, siic ciia" diing mdc De dat ket qua cao vide bao ve mdi trudng can tien hdnh ddng bd nhieu giai phap Mpt so giai phap 3.L Ndng cao y thdc, trdch nhiem cim moi ngftdi vi hdo ve moi tndfng Trudc het, cac nha chdcttdchphai nhan thdc ro tam quan trpng ciia viec bao ve moi trudng de hoach dinh chinh sach dung ddn, ban hdnh nhung vdn ban phap ludt kip thdi gdp phan nang cao y thiic bao ve mdi trudng; ngdn chdn va xd ly nhiing hanh vi gay tdc hai cho mdi tmdng Cdc nha chdc trdch dua cac quyet dinh phdi nhin vao su phat trien chung cua cd dat nude, khdng dupe ddt Ipi ich nhdm Ipi ich ngdnh, dia phuong len tren loi ich ciia toan xd hgi; khdng nen chi nhin vao Ipi ich trudc mat ma cdn cdn xem x6t nhung tac ddng tuong lai de bao ve mdi trudng sdng cho hom vd cho ca the he mai sau Ddi vdi cdc doanh nhan, tren bet, xa boi ky vgng vao y thirc luong tdm cue hp de gidm thieu sir tdc ddng den mdi trudng tien hdnh hoat ddng san xuat - kinh doanh Ddi vdi ngudi ndng dan, hp cung can phai nhan thdc dupe rdng, sii dung thudc bao v$ thuc vdt diing cdch, tiet kiem vda dem lai iiieu qud kinb te, vira bdo ve dupe sdc khde cho ban thdn vd nhiing ngudi xung quanh, chdng ban ngudi ndng ddn nudi ca be thi viec bdo vd ngudn nude giup cho ngudi dan cd mdi trudng sdngttonglanh, vd viec bao ve ngudn nude ndy cdn dupe thuc hien thudng xuyen, Idu dai Nhiing ngudi cdng nhan lam vide cdc 3< nha may cung can phai hieu rdng, xa chat thai, thai, nude thai khdng phu hpp vdi quy chuan ve mdi trudng thi chinh ban than minh, gia dinh minh va nhirng ngudi than xung quanh phdi hxing chiu Dd dat ket qua tdt vide bdo ve mdi trudng can sir ddng ldng,tichcue tham gia cua todn the nhdn ddn Hp khdng cbi la nhung ngudi phat hien cung cap thdng tin ve nhOtng vu gay d nhidm mdi trudng ma cdn la nhiing ngirdi tao sdc ep de cdc nha san xuat - kinh doanh phai dieu chinb lai boat ddng ciia minh, khdng xdm hai den mdi trudng sdng, mdi trudng lao ddng cua mpi ngudi (trudng hop Cdng ty Vedan xa nude thai sdng Thi Vdi; trudng hpp ngudi dan chdn dudng ddi vdi cac cdng ty gdy d nhidm d Vinh Phue ) 3.2 Tao thdi quen tot gdp phdn bdo vi moi trudng Hien nay, de tdng eudng tuyen truyen y thiic bdo vd mdi trudng, qua dd tao thdi quen tdt eho cpng ddng ddn cu chung tay, chung sdc bdo ve mdi trudng, Chinh phu Viet Nam dd ddng vidn nhdn ddn tich cue tham gia cac hoat ddng sau: Ngay 22/3/2018 - Ngay Nude the gidi, dupe ky niem vdi chu de "Nude vdi thien nhien"; 23/3/2018 - Ngdy Khi tupng thd gidi, ed chii de "Sdn sang vdi thay ddi thdi tidt, iing phd thdng minb vdi hdu"; 5/6/2018 - Ngay Mdi trudng the gidi, kdu ggi "Giai quyet d nhiim nhua va nilon" nhdm tuydn truyen, van ddng, keu gpi mpi ngudi cung thay ddi thdi quen cude sdng hang de gidm ganh nang d nhidm chat thai nhua - thach thdc Idn ve mdi trudng ddi vdi cdng ddng va xa hdi.'^' Tdi 04/6/2018, tai quang trudng Nguydn Tat Tiidnh, phd Quy Nhon, tmh Bmh Dinh, Bd Tai nguydn va Mdi trudng phdi hpp vdi Uy ban Trung uong Mdt tran Td qudc Viet Nam va IJy ban nhdn dan tinh Binh '^' Theo bao cao cua Lien Hop Qu5c, m6i nam chiing ta thai mot kh6i lugng nh\ra du de trai quanh Trai dat bon lan Rdc thai nhua tac dpng het siic ti6u cue d8n mfli tnrong, kinh te, xa hgi va siic khoe ngu&i NGUYEN TH] KIM DUNG - BAO V£ M | TR JQNGa I Dinh td chdc Lg phdt ddng "Thdng hanh ddng vi mdi trudng" vd ddng loat td chdc cac boat ddng hudng iing Ngay Mdi ttudng the gidi tao thdnh chudi boat ddng thudc "Thdng hanh ddng vi mdi trudng" tten pham vi ca nude Td chdc cac hoat ddng cd sii tham gia true tiep ciia cdng ddng nhu Chien dich "Ndi khdng vdi san pham nhua dung mdt lan", Chien dieh quan 1dm vd sinh mdi trudng, thu gom xir ly chdt thai, rac thai, khoi tiidng ddng chay, nao vet kenh muong, ao, hd, hd thdng thoat nude; td chdc cdc ldp hgc gido due mdi trudng, thuc hien cdc boat ddng thu gom vd tdi che chat thai nhua, tui ni ldng tai cae chp, sieu thi, ttung tdm thuong mai, cdc khu ddn cu khich le cgng ddng thuc hien tir nbOcng hanh ddng nhd nhdt de gdp phan bao ve mdi trudng 3.3 tjfng dung cong nghe di bao vi mdi trudng Ben canh vide tidn hdnh nhung bien phap nham ndng cao y thiic, ttdch nhiem ciia mpi ngudl ttong viec bao ve mdi tnrdng tidp tuc hodn thien he thdng cac van ban quy pham phdp ludt ve bao ve mdi ttUdng ung dung eong nghe hien dai vdo boat ddng qudn ly nha nude linh vuc mdi trudng, manh dan iing dung cdng nghe tien tien vao viec bao ve mdi trudng VI du, chiing ta dd va dang iing dung cdng nghe cd Vetiver dd gidm nhe thien tai, bdo vfi mdi trudng Tai Viet Nam, cd Vetiver dupe iing dung vao ndm 1999 va da cd tren 50 tinh, sir dung loai cd Tai thdnh phd Da Ndng, loai cd Vetiver dupe sir dung tir ndm 1999 vdi muc dich dn dinh mdi ddc taluy, ban che sat Id, xdi mdn trdn myen dudng co ddng tai bdn dao Son Trd, myen dudng niii Ba Nd, ven sdng Cd Cd phudng Hda Quy Ben canh Ipi ich giam hdu qua thien tai, cd Vetiver cdn mang lai Ipi ich kinh te cao nhu chiet xuat tinh dau, sdn xuat hang thil cdng my nghe.'^' Tren the gidi hien edn cd nhimg cfing nghe khac de lam sach ngudn nude; giam thai C02., Tuy dau tu vao nhiing cdng ngh^ ndy chi phi rdt eao, nhung can thiet thi vdn nen lam Nha nude ta can quan tdm nhidu hon niia de khuyen khich cdc nha khoa hpc Viet Nam nghidn ciiu de dua nhiing cdch thUc, bien phdp bao ve mdi trudng phu hpp hon vdi nuiSc ta va vdi chi phi thap hon 3.4 Tiep tuc hodn thiSnphdp ludt vebdaii mdi truifng Nhan thdc dupe tdm quan trpng cua viec bao vd mdi trudng Dang va Nha nude ta da dua nhtrng quydt sdch, nhiing vdn bdn can thi^t, kip thdi ve bao ve mdi trudng Dd trien khai thuc hien Nghi quyet cua Bd Chmh tri sd 41-NQ/T\V 15/11/2004 ve bdo vd mdi tmdng thdi ky cdng ngbiep hda, hidn dai hda ddt nircic; Qudc hdi da thdng qua Luat Bao ve mdi tntfiing 29/11/2005; "Chuong trinh Muctieuqudc gia ling phd vdi bien ddi hdu" nam 2007; "Chidn lupc qudc gia ve bien ddi hdu" nam 2012; thdng qua "Chuong ttinh muc tieu khSc phue d nhilm va eai thien mdi trudng giai doan 2012 - 2015" vd den didng 9/2012 Thii Wdng Chinh phii da phd duydt ndi dung "Chuong trinh muc tieu qudc gja khde phuc d nhilm va cai thien mdi trudng giai doan 2012 - 2015"., He thdng vdn ban quy pham phdp luat v^ bdo vl mdi trudng cang dupe hoan thi^n: Ludt sd 55/2014/QH13 ve Bao ve mdi ttUtJng ndm 2014 cd hieu luc td 01/01/2015 thay the Ludt ndm 2005; Nghi djnh sd 19/2015/NDCP CLia Chinh phu quy dinh chi tidt dii hanh mpt sd didu cua Luat Bao ve mdi ttudng; Nghi djnh sd 119/2016/ND-CP ciia Chinh phiiv^ mdt sd ehinh sach quan ly, bao ve va phat trien bdn viing rimg ven bidn iing phd vdi bien doi hau; Nghi dinb sd 155/2O16/N0-CP ciia Chinh phu vd xit phat vi pham hdnh chfnh linh vuc bao ve mdi trudng thay the NgN '•'" Cong Tam, "Ung dyng cong i ^ e co Vehver giiip giam nh? dmh 179/2013/ND-CP va Ngbi dinh 81/20061 thien tai, bao ve moi tnrong", tir website: http'//homongdan.oig vn/ ND-CP vdi mdc phat tang Idn nhieu lan; Quyel s itepages/news/5 8/28 097/ung-dung-cong-nghe-co-veti ver-giupgiam-nhe-thien-tai-bao-ve-moi-tmong, tmy c(ip ng^y 13/03/2018 NGUYEN THI KIM DUNG - BAO VE MOlTRaCfNG dinh sd 419/QD-TTg eua Thii tudng Chinh phii 05/4/2017 phe duyet chuong ttinh qudc gia ve gidm phdt thai nha kinh thdng qua han chd mat va suy thodi rung; bao tdn, ndng cao ttO lupng Carbon va quan ly ben viing tai nguyen rung den nam 2030; hang loat Bd tieu chuan dupe ban hdnh: Bp tieu chudn Viet Nam TCVN vd nude thai; Bd tiiu chuan Viet Nam TCVN vd thai va tieng dn; Bp tieu chuan Viet Nam vd gjdi han d nhilm ttong bun vd ddt va chat thdi nguy hai He thdng cac van ban quy pham phdp ludt vd bao ve mdi trudng cang dupe hodn thiSn qua dd giup cho hoat dpng quan ly nhd nude ttong linh vuc tien hanh dupe thuan Ipi hon, ed hidu qua, hieu lire cao hdn; dinh hudng, dilu chinh hanh vi, nang eao ttdch nhiem ciia cac chu thd ttong viec bao vd mdi trudng xdc dinh can cd phap ly de xd ly hanh vi vi pham Iinh vuc mdi ttudng 3.5 Tdng cudng kiem tra, gidm sdt, kip thdi phdt hiin vd xd ly nghiem vl pham phdp ludt ve moi trudng Viec kidm tta, tra tien hanh chua nghiem tuc ndn cd nhieu vi pham keo ddi hang chuc nam; hdu qua bet sdc nghiem trgng Vi vay viec tang cudng tta, kilm tra Id het siic can thiet Thanh tta Chinh phu can tidn hanh tra mdt each thudng xuyen, nghiem tiic trdch nhiem eiia cac Bd, ngdnh vide quan \y, khai thac va chd bien khoang san; Thanh tta cdng tac quy hoach, quan ly, sir dung ddt dai; quan ly, khai thac tai nguydn, khoang sdn De 41 vide tta, kiem tra thuc su khach quan can den su cdng tam cua cdc edn bd tta, kiem tta; edn phai ed giai trinh rd rang ket luan cu thd ddi vdi mdi vu vide vi pham; cdng khai cho ngudi dan biet Mdc xir ly ddi vdi nhiing hanh vi vi pham phdp luat ve mdi ttudng ciing can qui dinh nghiem khac hon; ttanh quan niem: "Vi pham hang trdm Idn, rui thi mdi bi phat hien mOt lan; vdi mdc xd phat nhe nhu vay thi vdn Ipi nhidu" Nhu vdy cdn quan tam hon niia vide kifin todn he thdng co quan tta, kidm tra; nang cao hieu qua, hieu lue cua boat ddng nay; phat bidn kip thdi nhiing hdnh vi vi pham; xir ly dieh dang nhiing hanh vi vi pham linh vuc bao ve mdi trudng Tdm lai, mdi trudng cd tam quan trpng ddi vdi ddi sdng ngudi Bao vd mdi trudng la van dd cap thidt hien Mdi chdng ta can cd y thdc bdo ve mdi trudng ed nhung hanh ddng thiet thuc de bao ve mdi ttudng - bao ve mdi ttudng sdng ciia chinh ban than minh hdm va mdi trudng sdng cho cdc thd he mai sau, TAI LifiU THAM KHAO Qudc hpi: Luat sd55/2014/QH13ve Bao ve mdi trudng nam 2014 Chinh phu: Nghi dinh sd 19/2015/NDCP cua Chinh phu quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh mdt sd dieu cua Ludt Bao ve mdi trudng Hoang Hung, Nguyin Thi Kim Loan: Con ngudi vd mdi trudng Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh 2010