PETROVIETNAM i/ M O T SO GIAI PHAP N A N G C A O HIEU Q U A T R O N G CONG TAC Q U A N LY V A G I A M SAT PHAT TRIEN IVIO DAU KHf TAI VIET NAM ThS Vu Manh Hao, KS Le Vu Quan, ThS L& Quoc Trung ThS Le Thu Hi/cfng, KS Nguyen Van Dd Vi€n Ddu Viet Nam Email' haovm@vpi.pvn Tom tSt Theo quy trinh phdt trien mo cCia Viet Nam hien nay, nhd dieu hdnh phdi thUc hien cdc cong vi&c: ldp vd thUc hien chi/cmg trinh tham luang, lap bdo cdo trO liipng (RARf, lap bdo cdo phdt triin mo dgi cUang (OOP), lap bdo cdo ke hogch phdt trien md (FDP) hodc ke hogch khai f/idcsdm (EDP), thtfc hien dtfdn khoan vd khai thdc Tuy nhien, cdc cdng ty ddu deu cd cdc quy dinh rieng hogt ddng tim kiem, thdm va khai thdc dau ndi chung vd cdng tdc phdt trien md ddu ndi rieng; he thong vdn bdn phdp lugt cua Viet Nam thieu cdc quy djnh chi tiet, hiidng dSn eu the gdy khd khdn cho cdng tdc qudn ly va gidm sdt cdc nhd dieu hdnh ddu thtfc hien cdc hogt ddng phdt triin md cua Tdp dodn Ddu Viet Nam Bdi viet phdn tich vd so sdnh cdng tdc qudn ly phdt trien mo d Viet Nam vai mdt s6nUdctr§n thi gidi, ttf dexuat cdc gidi phdp nh&m ndng cao hieu qud cong tdc qudn lyphdt trien mo Ttf khda: Phdt trien md, qudn lyphdt triin mo Gidi thieu thong nhat, gay khong it kho khan qua trinh tham Hien nay, cong tac qu^n ly cac hoat dong phat trien m6 dau duge thue hien thong qua he thong van b^n phSp quy nhu Luat, Quy ehe, Nghj djnh (BSng 1) Sura ddi cua cSc van bSn phap luat tren da dap Lfng ; ^ ^ ^ yeu cau q u i n ly p h i t trien mo giai dean hien ' ^ / r 3a dinh va ph^ duyet f^am 1998, Quy ehe khai thae tai nguy#n d i u ^^f^c ban hanh, quy djnh ro quy trinh phat trien mo va quan ly m6 d i u [3] Theo yeu cau thay del cap bach , i-*u ^ -^- u i.- L [.•.,-,.•-' ! • -^rvvaphuhapvOithUetetmh hinhphattrienmo,LuatDau ,, u ' l u *u- »• • - j' 11 .*- j > va Quy che khai thae tai nguyen dau da dugc Trade nam 1998, ehua eo Quy ehe khai thae d i u sCra doi, bo sung vao nam 2000 va 2010 Tuy nhien, eac khi, viee phat trien m6 chu yeu diia vao kinh nghiem eua noi dung quy djnh ve eong tac phat trien mo dau eac nha dieu hanh nhU: Vietsovpetro (m6 Bach Ho, Rong), Quy che khai thae dau [4] chUa chi tiet va can Petronas (m6 Dai HCing), JVPC {n^^ Rang Ddng} Cac b i o thiet p h i i co hudng dan cu the de nha dieu hanh de eac phat trien m6 dau kht eua eae nha dieu hanh khong thue hien Bing Cdc van ban phap ludt lien guon tdi gudn lyphdt tnen mo ddu T T LuStD^ukhi T4n van b^n phdp luat ^"A'^^^PL Ctf quan ban hanh Luat BSo^e Moi tri/dng QiJ?^ ^9' Quy che khai j h i c dau khj^^ Chinh phu Quyet dinh so 395/1998/Q£)-BKHCNMT v/v ban hanh quy che bao ve Bg Khoa hpc, Cong nghe va moi irUcffig vi^c tim kiem, tham d6, phat trien m6, khai thae, Moi trU6ng (nay la Bo Khoa ting trCr, vin chuyl'n, che bien dau va cac dich vu lien quan hgc va Cong ngh$) Quyet dinh sd 41/1999/QD-TTg ban hinh Quy che ve quan ly an Chinh phii toan cac hoat dgng dau i Ngh[dinh 48/2000/NO-CP Quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh Lujt Dau Chinh phu I _, ",- L ' I • • L Tong cong ty Dau Viet Huong dan th ^^, ^ ^.^ Oongda^kh, khiVillNam) Nghi dmh so 03/2002/ND-CP v ^ i o v^ an mnh, an toin dau jChinh phCi_ _ Nghi dmh 115/2009/NO-CP v^ sUa doi, bo sung mot sd dieu cua Nghj dinh 48/2000/N&CP quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh Luat Dau khf vk Quy che dSu thau dU an tim kiem tham va khai thae dau ban hanh k^m theo Nghj dinh sd 34/2011/ND-CP Nam ban Nam sith doi hanh bo sung 1993 2000, 2008 2005 1998 2010 i Diiu KHi - s6 41 THAM DO - KHAI m A c DAU KHI Trong bai viet nay, nhdm tac gia danh gia thuc trang Tren co sd nha dieu hanh lap FDP, bao cao Tap doan cong tac quan ly phat trien md dau tai Viet Nam; phan Dau Viet Nam thdng qua va trinh Thu tUdng Chinh tich, so sanh vdi quy trinh quan ly phat trien mo ciia mot phu phe duyet Sau duoc phe duyet FDP, nha dieu so quoc gia tren the gidi va de xuat mpt so giii phap nang hanh se tien hanh cac hoat dpng thiet ke chi tiet, mua cao hieu q u i cong tac quan ly, giam sat phat tnen mo sam, ch§ tao, lap dat thiet bi, khcan phat trien va khai thae Mpt so mo cd the thuc hien bao cao FDP mj Cong tac quan ty, giam sat phat trien mo dau tai khdng qua giai doan ODP da chpn duoe phuong an VietNam phat trien mo tdi Uu 2.1 Hien trang cong tdc phdt trim mo tai Viet Nam Ke hoaeh phat trien khai thae som da dupc ap dung Hien nay, sau co phat hien d i u khi, nha dieu hanh tai nhieu md nhu: Su Tu Den Ca Ngu Vang, Nam Rong • phai tien hanh cac edng viec nhU tham lifong, lap bao Ooi Mdi, Ruby Hai Su Den, Rang Ddng (Bang 2) Y tuona cao trCr luong (RAR), lap bao cac phat trien mo dai cuong phat trien md sdm xuat phat tir nhu cau tim hieu them ve (OOP), lap two eao ke hoach phat trien mo (FDP', sau ddi tuong khai thae truoc quyet dinh phat trien toan rien hanh thuc hien dif an, khoan va khai thae Tuy nhien, mo va vdi muc dich tang hieu qua kinh te dU an Viec sdm mot sd tru'dng hop cy the cua timg md, vdi su chap CO dong dau dau tien cai thien rat nhieu bUe tranh kinh thuan cua lap doan Dau Viet Nam va Bp Cong Thuong, te cua cac du an Tuy nhien, viec phat trien som mot mo nha dieu hanh ed the lap bao cao va thuc hien ke hoach chua nhieu yeu td rui re hem so vdi phat tnen mo thang khai thae sdm (EDP) nhim sdm ed ddng dau dau tien dung tien hanh phat trien md luc ehua danh gia (Hinh 1) het duoc trii lupng md Tai Dieu 6, Khoan "Quy che FDP la tien trinh thdng dung cho cac hoat dong phat trien md til trudc den Sau da co phat hien, nha khai thae dau khi" quy dinh ro ve cae trudng hpp duac ap dung ke hoaeh khai thae sdm [3]: dieu hanh trinh chUctng trinh tham lucmg cho Tap doan Cac thong tin hien cd khdng cho phep xae dinh D i u khiViet Nam phe duyet Qua dd,chuartg trmh khoan phuong an khai thae hgp ly theo thdng ie ma can phai thu tham lUcmg duoe tien hanh de d i n h gia trO lupng cho thap bo sung so lieu tren co sd theo doi ddng thai khai toan md Sau Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyet Bao thae thuc te eua mo, tang san pham va via: clo d i n h gia trur luong (RAR), nha dieu hanh lap Bao cao ke hoach dai cuong phat trien md (ODP) va bao cao Tap Tyle cap trQ luong P1/2P khdng thap hon 40% trii doan Dau Viet Nam thdng qua, de lua chon phuong trudng hpp dac biet Thii tUdng Chinh phu quyet dinh an phat trien thich hop (phat trien sdm hoac toan mo] Ke hoach khai thae som (EDP) nha dieu hanh lap ^•Sado^sher^trmhphmtrmrrxdf&hcn 22 Mb n s o 4/2015 PETROVIETNAM Bing Thdi giants phdt hien den kht khoi thdc cua mgt so mo ddu Cai Viet Nam N a m p h a t hien Tenn SirTilDenTayNam 2000 2006 1995 1996 1991 2008 2005 2002 2004 2007 2006 2007 2004 2001 2001 1994 Chim Sao Topaz Pearl Ruby H a m Rong Te Giac Trang Ca N g i t Vang Nam R o n g - O O I M O I H i i SU B e n Hjii SUTrang 06ng Bo T h a n g Long SU TCf Vang ^ SU TCr B e n B d n g B k Rang^Dong PhUtfng a I p h a t t n e n ~^nn FDP Thdi gian tii phat hien I den khai thae (nam) xr) V(") x(«) x(«) x(**) X X X p h u o n g Dong BaiHung SU TCf T r i n g LanTiy_ " _ LanBd Thien U n g - M a n g Cau Mo Rdng B ^ i - Rong D d i Tay Md " H i i T h a c h - M d c Tinh 25 Thii Binh ryih(ngiondukiai:("):Sdl^lhucgwidi>gn 9C) phdt tnea sdm vddiuymsoiig giai doan ;Aoilnm loan md,('"}-h^^ duoc Tap doan Dau Viet Nam thdng qua va trinh Bd tii phat hiin den bat dau khai thae thay doi Cdng Thuang phe duyet nham ap dung cdng nghe phii khoing tif - 20 nam (Hinh 3) Thdi gian dUa vao ph^t hap de thu thap thdng tin ve via hay md hcac thu thap trien cua cae md dau thudng ngin viec phat trien cac thdng tin ve dong t h i i khai thae n h i m toi Uu hda viec md dau linh ddng, kinh te hon md va it phu thude vao phat tri^n md [4], EDP chi dUPc dUa sau ODP da thi trudng tieu thu Trong dd, eac md dupc phat duac phe duy&t.Theo quy trinh nay, ODP dupc trinh p h i hien sdm nhung thdi gian dUa vao phat tnen keo dai duyet luc cdng tae tham lUOng trCf lupng chua tien phii cd hp tieu thu, dudng ong ket ndi vao bd va thdi gian hanh xong Tiep theo, ODP se cd ke hoaeh phat trien dam p h i n gia dai [6] khai thae sdm mdt vung mo, doi tuong nao dd ma trO luong da duac chCfng minh (edn goi la pha I) Sau 2.2 Quy trinh qudn lyphdt trien mo tgi Viit Nam EDP duac phe duyet, nha dieu h^nh se trien khai thiet ke chi tiet, mua sam, che tac, lap dat, khoan phat tnen va tien hSnh khai t h i c vung phat trien sdm Song song Theo Dieu 4, Khoan Nghi dinh 48/2000/ND-CP eua Chinh phu, phat trien md la qua trinh ehuan bj va dau t u vdi q u i trinh khai thae sdm, cac so l i i u thu thap t h i m se xay dung cong trinh, khoan khai thae, l i p dat thiet bj &i la CO sd de tiep tuc tham luong danh gia trCf luong cCia dua md vao khai thae dau ke tii md duac tuyen bd toan md Ke hoach p h i t trien toan md (hay la cac pha 11, [11 ) se duoc trien khai sau Chinh phO Viet Nam phe d u y i t Bio c l o danh gia trCf lUOng va Ke hoach phat trien tong the Thdi gian trung binh tir phat hien den dua vao phat tri^n ciia md d^u t i / - nam, ngoai trif md Topaz - Pearl I I hon 13 nam (Hinh 2) Ddi vdi md khi, thdi gian p h i t hien cd g i i tri thuong mai [2] 2.2.1 Nha nudc Ndi dung q u i n ly eua Nha niidc ve p h i t trien md dau gdm: Quyet djnh chien luac quy hoach, ke hoaeh va ehinh saeh phat t r i l n nganh cdng nghiep dau khi; DIU KHI-so 4/2015 23 i THAM DO - KHAI T H A C D A U KHI Ban hanh cac v i n ban phapquyve q u i n ly eae hoat ddng dau khi; Kiem tra tra giam sat cac hoat dong dau khi; Quyet dmh viee phan djnh va dieu chinh eae Id ca nhan; tien hanh cac hoat ddng d i u khf theo quy dinh cua Luat Dau khi; td chiJc q u i n ly, giam sit cdng tac tim kiem, tham dd, khai thae, che bien d i u t r i n ea sd hpp ddng vdi cac nh^ t h I u dau khi, vdi cdng ty ccn v l vdi cic to chu'c, ea nhan khac [4] Tap doan Dau Viet Nam hoac dien tich tim kiem tham dd va khai thae dau khi; duac Nha nude giao quyen tham dd, khai thae t i i nguyen Quyet dinh chu trUong va hinh thiJc hap tae vdi nudc ngoai; dau t r i n toan bd lanh tho, vimg bien, vimg die quyen kinh te eua Viet Nam va ky ket hpp dong d i u vdi cic to chifc, ca nhan tien hanh cac hoat dong d i u khid Viet Nam Chuan y cac hpp ddng dau khi; theo quy djnh eua Luat Dau khf va cac quy dinh khic cua Quyet dinh chinh sich khuyen khieh hoac han che xuat khau dau khf nhim dam bao loi ich cua Nha nude, ed tinh 6in Ipi ich nha thau; Chi dao hudng dan, kiem tra cac nganh va dja phuang trcng viec thUe hien cic hoat ddng liin quan den hoat dong dau khi; Giii quyet elc van de liin quan den quyen tien htinh hoat ddng dau khi, xii ly cic vi pham phap luat phap luat [5] - Tap doan Dau Viet Nam ed chiJc nang thiic hi^n quan ly va khai thae ngudn tai nguyen dau cua qudc gia Moi hoat ddng dau tif t h i m do, p h i t trien md v l khai thae deu thupe sU quin ly cua Tap doan Diu khf Viit Nam Tap doan Dau khf Viit Nam dai dien Nha nUde tham gia gdp vdn vao elc hoat dong tim kilm tham dd v l khai thae tren toan lanh tho Viit Nam va true tiep giam sat nhi thau cac hoat dpng dau 2.2.2 Tdp dodn Ddu Viet Nam Tip do^n Dau Viet Nam Nha nude lam chCi sd hufu, cd chiire nang, nhiim vu cP b i n la tien hanh cac hoat dpng dSu v^ ky ket elc hop ddng dau vdi to chiJre, 6 6 • • I iiii'ii III Hlnli Thai gian lit phai hien lai khoi thae cua mo ddu Vao mpi thdi diem Tap doan Diu Viet Nam c6 quyen sd hCfu doi vdi tat e l cic t^i lieu v l mau v i t gdc, bao, gdm nhung khdng gidi han dmoi tai lieu v l m l u v$t ve d i ^ chat, dja vat 1^, dia hda, khcan, khai thic, edng n g h i v l eac tai liiu, m l u v i t khac cd duac t i / dien tfch hap ddng ho|c nha thau thu thap dupc tir hoat ddng d i u cung nhu eae dff lieu mmh giai va eac tai lieu phat sinh khic Tiiy thudc vac cac thda thuan thich hop vdi nhS thau Tap doan Dau khf Viet Nam cd quyln si!f dung elc tii sin nha thau mua de phue vu hoat ddng d i u vdi dieu kien viee sif dyng cac tai sin dd khdng I n h hudng den hoat ddng dau Trong thdi han hap ddng, Tap d o i n Dau Viit Nam ed quyen sd hij'u, quyen lay, b i n hoac quylt djnh sijf dung phan dau lai va iai dupe chia v i o mue dich khic NgoSi ra, dupe Chinh phCi uy quyen Tap doan Diu Viet Nam cung cd quyen lay, ban hoac quyet dinh sCf dung phan dau thue tai nguyin v l thue tai nguyin vio muc dich khac Tap doan Dau Viet Nam cd trich nhiim trO giup n h i thau viee lien h i vdi cae eo quan cd th^m quyen eua Viet Nam lien quan d i n hoat ddng dau [7] 2.3 Quy trinh tham dinh, phe duyit trien mo 2003 Lan ThienUng- RD-ROT H^iThachTay Mang Cau 1994 Moc Tinh 1993 2004 1993 Hinh M gian ta phdt hiaita khai thdc ciia md 24 0)iUKHi.SO4/2015 ki hogch phdt Hinh la quy trinh tham djnh va p h i duyit bio phat t r i l n md tai Viet Nam Theo dd, phan cap p h i duyet elc b^o eio phSt triln md dupe quy dinh nhu sau: PETROVIETNAM ODP duac tham dinh va p h i duyit bdi Tap ^ doan Dau khiViet Nam; EDP duoc tham dinh va p h i duyit bdi Bd Cdng Thuang; FDP dupc tham dmh bdi Hpi ddng tham djnh Nha nude va dUacThu tudng Chinh phCi p h i duyet ODP/EDP/FDP s i dUpe xem xet bdi to ehuyin vien giup viec Hdi dong tham djnh va eie chuyin gia Xii eac Bo/Nganh l i i n quan Khi nhdm chuyen gia da chap thuan, se b i o c l o len Hpi ddng d i n h gia Khi Hdi ddng d i n h gia ddng y thi b i o c l o ducfe gCfi cho ca quan thieh hap (Tap doan Dau Viit Nam/Bp Cong ThUong/ThCi tudng Chinh phCi)dl p h i duyit Tham dinh ^ o i13I^^H V Nha thau 1"^"^ trinh bao cao T ^^pDNlJ loDfg NCkhat |EDP^ FEED IFOP^ * ffinh A Sa gay trinh tham dinh vd phe duyet bdo cdo phdt tnen mo toi Viet Nam Ph4 duyin 2.4 Nhitng tdn tgi cdng tdc qudn ly, tham dinh, phe duyit vd gidm sdt phdt triin md Trcng "Quy che khai thae dau khi" cac npi dung quy djnh ve cdng t i c phat trien md dau khf cdn t h i l u nhCfng quy dinh ve yeu c l u cdng viic tdi t h i l u , mufe 66 tham gia eCia Tap doan Dau Viet Nam timg hang mue edng viec , Dieu nay, d i n den edng tae quan ly va giam sat ciia Tip doan Dau Viet Nam gap nhilu khd khan Quy che khai thie dau dang ap dung hiin chUa quy dinh yeu cau ty le trQ lUpng P1/2P khdng thap hon 40% lap FDP n i n can xem xet bd sung Cdng t i c tham dinh, danh gia bao cao p h i t t r i l n md m i t nhieu thdi gian de xCr ly cong viic Thdi gian d i m phan ve chi phi, Ipi ich gida cic Hinh Quy trinh thdm dmh, phi duy^ bdo cdo phdt triin md tai Ha Uy ben thudng k i o dai I n h hudng den tien trinh thue hien phat t r i l n md Viec giam sit eac nha d i l u hanh lap va giao nop bao cac k i t thuc md ehua duaz chii trpng, dan den cO sd dCf lieu v l edng t i e p h i t t r i l n md khdng d i y dO C^c hudng dan vi quy djnh v l p h i t trien md dau tai nUdc ngoai Tai Malaysia Quy trinh phat t r i l n kha thi, nghien ctfu ve dia chat - dja vat ly, xay diing md hinh mo phdng khai thic, lUa chpn h i thdng thiet bi khai thic/phan tieh kinh t l , thuc hiin hpp ddng EPCI, van hanh thCf, khoan phit trien va dua vao khai thae Khi ket thue moi giai doan: nghiin cdu kha thi, xay dung md hinh dja chat, xay dung md hinh md phdng khai thae va Ilia chon he thong thiet bi/danh gia kmh te, nha dilu hanh bao cac eae phdng/ban chuyin mdn ciia Petronas de t i l p tue triln khai eae edng viee tiep theo Sau hoan bao eio FDP, nha d i l u hanh trinh bac c l o l i n Petronas tham d[nh va p h i duyet Sau dd, nha d i l u hanh se t i l n hanh thuc hien FDP va dUa md vao khai thae [8] md cua Petronas (Malaysia) dupe trinh b i y tai Hinh Quy trinh p h i t triln md eCia Petronas duoc thuc hien theo cAc giai doan: thiie hien nghiin cijfu TglNaUy Quy trinh tham djnh bao cao phat triln md dupe trinh bay nhu Hinh DHU KHl-SO 4/2015 25 THAM DO • KHAI THAC DAU KHI toan trCf liiong can tien hanh kilm tra chat liftim (milestone review) trUdc tien hanh cac cong viec t i l p theo Bd sung quy dinh y i u c l u ty le cap tS lupng P1/2P khdng thap hem 40% lap bao j FDP Ngoai ra, ddi vdi quy djnh ve dilu kien 1^ EDP, can xem xet lai ty le PI /2P phii hc^a vdi di&j kien p h i t trien md h i i n (nang ty l i Pl/2Ptu il m^mM ITmliJ.tluytnohttiamA^plKduyetbaoaioptiallneninotaiAnh Tai Na Uy, FDP dupe nha dieu hanh trinh len Cdng ty Van 40% len 50%) de g i i m t h i l u rui ro qua trinh phat t r i l n md Thdi gian hoan b i o d o ODP, FDP quy dinh h i ^ ddng dau la 90 sau chuyen Khi dot, Bd Lao ddng Cue Dau de d i n h g i i ; Bd Nang tuyin bd thuong mai ddi vcri ODP va 180 luang va Diu tham djnh, sau trinh Chinh phu va Qudc hdi ddi vdi FDP c i n dupc dieu chinh t i n g thdi gian de phe duyet [9] dam b i o c h i t luong ciia b i o clo va phii hpp vd Tgi Vtfcmg qudc Anh d i l u kien hiin Nhdm tac g i i de xuat thdi ^ hoan bac cao la 180 ddi vdi ODP, 270 Tai Vupng qudc Anh, FDP va bao cao danh g i i t i c ddng mdi tru'dng dUOc nha dieu hanh trinh len Bd Nang luong va Biln doi hau, elc ddi tac va eae ehuyin gia tham djnh b i c clo Sau dd, trinh Bd Nang lupng v l Biln ddi hau p h i duyit bao eao So dd quy trinh tham djnh va phe duyet bao clo FDP duoc the hien Hmh [10] So sdnh quy trinh phdt triin md cua Vift Nam hi^n vdi mgt so nudc tren thegidi ddi vdi FDP Nha dieu hanh can cap nhat lai bao cao phat t r i l n md dinh ky - nam 4J Phe duyet bdo cdo Cho phep Tap doan Dau khf Viet Nam dii tri tham i^nh va p h i d u y i t b i o cao RAR, FDP ck md nhd (vi du: truf lupng tai cho dau < 30 trieu m*, khi