Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của xăng sinh học đến mức phát thải xe máy dùng chế hòa khí

NGHIEN cufu-TRAOD6I NGHIEN Cl>U A N H HU'd^NG CUA X A N G SINH HOC D^N MLPC PHAT THAI XE MAY DUNG CH^ HOA KHI RESEARCH ON EFFECT OF BIO-ETHANOL TO MOTORCYCLE'S EMISSIONS USED CARBURETOR Dao Chi Cudng', Le Anh Tuan^ 'Truong Dai hgc Su pham Ky thuat Hung Yen -Trudng Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Ndi TOM TAT Bdi bdo trinh bdy nghiin cuu dnh huang cUa xdng sinh hpc EW, El5 vd E20 den mirc dp phdt thdi dpc hgi cua dong caxdngxe mdy, theo chu trinh thu tieu chudn Kit qud nghien ciru lupng hoa lai ich ve mat moi trudng su dung nhiin lieu sinh hpc noi chung vd xdng sinh hpc noi rieng Tir khda: Mirc phdt thdi dpc hgi, xdng sinh hpc, xe mdy ABSTRACT The paper presents a research on effects ofgasoholElO, E15 andElOon level of the exhaust emissions of a motorcycle based on standard driving cycle Findings from this study provides data on the environmental benefits of utilization ofbiofuels in general and ofgasohol in particular Keywords: Exhaust emission level, gasohol, l D A T V.-\.N DE De an phat trien va su diong nhien lieu sinh hgc den nam 2015 va tam nhin den nam 2025; Ld trinh sii dung nhien lieu sinh hgc theo Quyet dinh sd 53/2012/(3D-TTg the hien su quyet tam cua Chinh phu va toan xa hdi hong \ iec thuc hien quy hoach, td chiic san xuat va su dung nhien lieu sinh hpc d Viet Nam motorcycle Trong cac Ioai nhien lieu sinh hgc thi etanol la loai nhien lieu cd tiem nang Idn d Viet Nam, nhd ngudn nguyen lieu phong phu va s\r tham gia raanh me ciia nhieu phan kinh te vao qua trinh san xuat Nguyen lieu de san xuat etanol rit phong phii, cd th^ ke ddn nhu: Ngudn nguyen lieu tir cac san phim ndng nghi?p la ngd, khoai, sin, mia, Ngoai ra, ngudn nguyen lieu san xuit etanol cdn cd thd dugc tan dung hi rac thai, phe pham ndng nghiep nhu rom, ra, ba mia, ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHl VIET NAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN cufu-TRAO D | cd khd hay phd phim lam nghiep nhu cui, re, canh cay, la khd Day.Ja nhiing ngudn nguyen lieu ddi dao khdng lien quan den lucmg thuc hong giup cho viec tai sir dung cac ngudn phe lieu mdt each hieu qua nhit phat thai CO tang nhanh va nd la phan phat tljai dang quan tam,nhat ciia loai ddng ca 2.2 Phat thai HC Trong ddng ca danh lira cuang hire Tren thuc te, etanol cd the sir dung cho ddng co su dung hen cac phuang tien van tai hydrocacbon khdng chay cd tii nhieu ngudn khac Nhiing ngudn chinh ciia hydrocacbon dudi dang nguyen chat (ElOO) hoac pha hdn vdi chua chay cd the dugc xac dinh gdm [10]: nhien lieu xang truyen thdng, loai cdn dugc gpi la xang sinh hgc (E5, EIO, E85 ) + Nhien lieu chua chay tdn tai d cac khe, ke nhd; Cac nghien cuu sir dung xang sinh hpc + Hai nhien lieu bi hap thy vao ldp mang hen dgng co da dugc thuc hien kha diy dii, dau va ket tiia hen xylanh hong sudt ky tu nghien ciiru ly thuydt ddn nghien cuu thuc nap va ky nen; nghiem d hong ciing nhu ngoai nudc [1-9] Ci + Hieu img chay sat vach; + Hien tugng chay khdng hoan toan xay hong nudc, cac loai xang sinh hgc tir E5 ddn E20 da dugc nghien ciin su dung tren xe may chat lugng chay kem; + Ddng chay true tiep cua hai nhien lieu va d td diing che hda va nghien cuu thuc nghifm hen d td phun xang dien hr [9] Mdt sd vao he thdng xa d ddng co PFI nghien cuu Iy thuyet ciing da tidn hanh ddi vdi Tucmg tu nhu ddi vdi phin CO, xang E85 hen xe may [4,5,6,9] Tuy nhien, cac ket qua nghien ciiu ly thuyet va thuc nghiem tren ham Iugng phat thai HC ddng ca dung bd che hoa ciing chiem ty le Idn va dd can thudng tap trung vao tinh nang ky thuat va su phai dugc quan tam xu Iy phat thai cue bd ciia dpng ca su dung nhien lieu sinh hoc 2.3 Phat thai NOx NOx dugc sinh hong budng chay chu Trong bai viet nay, gidi thieu mdt sd ket qua nghien ciiu cac phan phat thai ddc hai yeu phan iing hda hgc giiia nguyen tir dxy cua phuang tien thuc nghiem hen bang thir va nita ciia khdng Cac phan iing tao xe may theo chu trinh lai tieu chuin ECE R40 NOx phu thudc nhieu vao nhiet dp Bdi vay, lugng NOx thai tir dpng ca thudng ty le thuan CAC THANH PHAN PHAT THAI CUA vdi tai Clia ddng ca O che dp khdi ddng va chay am may, Iugng NOx thai tuang ddi thip, hong DONG CO XE MAY d che dp tai cang tang thi lugng phat thai NOx cang Idn nhiet dp ciia qua trinh chay 2.1 Phat thai CO ciing nhu nhiet ciia ddng ca tang cao Phat thai CO hinh va tang nhanh hong viing trudc mang Iiia, chii yeu dugc sinh NGHIEN CUtJ THlTC NGHIEM hydrdcacbon bi dxy hda khdng hoan toan, va sau dd bi dxy hda CO^ hong dieu kien cd 3.1 Doi tUtfng nghi§n cihi dxy thdng qua ca che dieu khien ddng hgc [10] Xe may thir nghiem la xe Jupiter MX Trong ddng co xang dung che hda khi, lIOcc cd chat lugng khoang 90% Cac thdng sd hdn hgp dam nen su hinh thanh phan ky thuat ca ban cua ddng ca dugc duara Irong Bang 1."^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI Bang Mpt so thdng SO ca bdn cOa xe may Jupiter MX Mdta ky, mot xylanh, xupap Thong so Loai dpng ca Dung tich xylanh Dudng kinh va hanh trinh piston Ty so nen Cong suat toi da Md men cue dai He thong danh liia He thdng ly hop Kieu he thdng tmyen luc Ty sd tmyen dpng no,3cc 3.3 Bd tri thu* nghiem Phdng thi nghiem xe may dugc trang bi bang thu dgng hgc chassis Dynamometer " va he thdng lay mau xa CVS, he thdng lugng tieu thu nhien lieu 733S (hinh 1) 51,0mm X 54,0mm 9,3 6,60kW (8.000 vong/ phiit) 9,0Nm (5.000 vong/ phiit) DC CDI Ly tam Ioai kho Hinh Thu nghiem xe mdy tren bdng thir CD20" sd tron Phat thai cua xe may dugc danh gia tai che dp van hanh khdng tai va theo chu trinh thii thai tieu chuin ECE R40 (hinh 2) 1,880-0,807 3.2 Nhien lidu Nhien Heu dugc nghien cuu bao gdm xang thdng dung (RON92 hay EO) va xang sinh hgc EIO, EI5 va E20 Mdt sd thdng sd ca ban cua nhien lieu dugc the hien d Bang Bdng Mpt so thong so cua nhien lieu thu nghiSm Hinh Chu trinh thir ECE R40 Nhien lieu Thong so Khoi luong rieng a 250C (kg/lit) Ty le khong khi/nhien lieu tieu chuan Nhiet tri thap (kJ/kg) RON (-) EO (RON92) EIO E15 E20 0,730 0,740 0,747 0,754 14,565 13,957 13,614 13,361 43 500 41830 40 995 40 160 92,0 94,4 94,5 96,6 3.4 Ket qua t h u nghiem va thao luan Ket qua thir nghiem d che khdng tai cua xe sir dung cac Ioai nhien lieu dugc the hien Bang Bdng S Kit qud phdt thai cua xe & che dp khong tdi Thanh ph^n (ppm) HC NOx CO ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn EO EIO E15 E20 6.416 43 12.327 6.253 48 10.473 5.833 56 9.842 5.657 62 9.469 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO D6\ Theo Bang co th6 thiy ring, phan HC thit nghiem voi nhien lieu EIO, E l va E20 lin luot giam 2,54%; 9,09% va 11,83% so voi nhien lieu EO Thanh phin CO: Lin lupt giam 15,04%; 20,16% va 23,18%, tuong ling voi cac nhien lieu EIO, E15, E20 Thanh phin NOx lin lugt tang 11,63%; 30,23% va 44,19% Kit qua thii nghiem thai theo chu trinh thit tieu chuin ECE R40 xe may sit dung cac loai nhien lieu EO (RON92), E15 va £20 duoc ths hien tren Bang va cac hinh 3, va5 Hinh Thdnh phan HC ^0-8 Bdng Phdt thdi cua xe mdy theo chu trinh thu ECER40 Thinh phfin CO(g/ km) HC(g/ km) NOx (g/ km) EO E15 E20 Euro2 2,276 1,503 1,485 5,5 0,362 0,342 0,340 0,2 0,139 0,155 0,157 HmhS Thdnh phdn CO 1,3