Chiến lược phát triển năng lượng biển thế giới và đề xuất định hướng cho việt nam

Hdi nghi Khoa hoc va L.ong ngne Dien i CHIEN L U Q C PHAT TRIEN NANG LUONG B I E N THE C I O l VA i ) E XUAT BINH HUONG CHO VIET N A M Du-Van Toan, Phiing Dang Hieu Vien nghian cim quan ly biin va hai dao 34A Ngo 484, Phd Chiia Lang, Ha Ndi Email: duvantoanl5l.gmail.com Tom tat: Nam 2011, Liy ban ndng luang ihi gidi lEA dd co hiep dinh ve he thdng ndng luang dgi duang OES vd sd qudc gia vien da lien luc gia tdng Nhieu qudc gia dd xdy dung -Chiin luac phdt Iriin ndng luang bien " nhu Anh, My, Ai Len Hdn Qudc Trung Qudc Ld mot qudc gia ven bien co liem ndng ndng luang biin Viet Nam dang nhap khdu nhiiu nhien Hau ndng luang cho nen cdn phdi cd chiin luac qudc gia vi phdt Iriin ndng luang bien Bdi bdo ndy phdn lich ddnh gid cdc chinh sach phdt Iriin ndng luang biin Iran the giai vd di xucil dinh hudng phdt trien cho Viet Nam WORLD STRATEGY FOR OCEAN ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AND PROPOSALS FOR FUTURE ENERGY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMEN IN VIETNAM Abstract: International Energy Agency (lEA) has Implementing agreement on Ocean Energy Systems (OES) since 2001 and member countries have continuously increased Many countries have developed "National Strategy for ocean energy development" as Ihe UK, U.S., Ireland, Korea and China As a coastal slate has a potential of marine energy, Vietnam is importing more fuel energy, so should have a national strategy for ocean energy development This paper will analyze Ihe policies, strategies and mechanisms for the exploitation and development of marine energy in the world and proposals for future energy sustainable development in Vietnam I MO DAU Trudc tha ky 21, edng ngh| khai thac nang lugng tai tao ndi chung va nang lugng bit ndi rieng, cdn it dugc phat tridn, chii yiu vdi cac du an thi nghiem, ngoai trir c6ii cua nha may dien Ihuy triiu Ranee, Phap vdi 240 MW nam 1967 Tuy nhien, su phat trii cong nghiep dua vao than da va diu md da phat thai lugng nha kinh khdng Id gayi hi$n tugng trai dit im len, hay cdn gpi la BDKH BDKH da, dang tac ddng xiu din pb h-iin kinh td xa hdi va gay nhiiu thiet hai cho eac qudc gia ven biin (trong dd co Vi Nam) muc nude bien dang bdi canh BDKH toan ciu gay ngap lut viing dit thi veil bien va hai dao Ddiig Ihdi gia nhien lieu - nang lugng tang gia va dang can kiet bu! tha gidi phai quan tam den viec nghian cuu khai thac cac ngudn NLTT, nguin N Tieu ban Ndng luang Ky thudl cdng trinh Van tdi vd Cdng nghe Bien dai duong Viec dau tu nghian euu nang lugng bien, dai duong da cd nhidu thay ddi tir nam 2001, ily ban nang lugng qudc ti (lEA) da cd Hiep djnh thuc hien vi he thdng (phat triin) NL dai duong (Ocean Energy Syslems-OES) nhim hd trg, chuydn giao, thiic day hgp tac qudc te ve cac du an dien bien Thanh tuu cdng nghe OES da liin bp khdng ngimg va kha nang ddng gdp cua dien bian vao nan kinh ti toan ciu se dang dugc xem xet Chiin luge biin Viet Nam din nam 2020 da xac dinh rd, bien cd vi tri quan trgng phat trien kinh ti, va chian luge phat trien nang lugng biin Viet Nam buoc diu dugc trien khai, cdn chua dugc mgt each he thdng, chua cd co quan diu mdi viec lap quy hoach, chidn luge nganh nang lugng bien Viet Nam cd dien tich biin rdng hon I trieu km^ va cd tiem nang ve nang lugng bidn nhu mat trdri, gid, sdng, thuy triiu, mudi , neu duge quy hoach tdng the ca ve khdng gian, thdi gian khai thac ddng bd, hgp ly, se cd ddng gdp hiiai ich su phat tridn bin vimg kinh ti xa hpi va dam bao an ninh quoc phdng Viet Nam II P H A N TICH, DANH GIA HIEP DWH NANG LlTQNG DAI DUONG Hiep dinh OES da ddi nam 2001 vdi su chap thuan cua Uy ban cdng nghe nang lugng (CERT) va nhdm Nang lugng tai tao (REWP) cua Uy ban nang lugng tha gidi (lEA) Tit cuoi nam 1990, cac nude chu ydu nhu Dan Mach, Bd Dao Nha va Vuong qudc Anh da ril can su hprp tac cdng nghe lian quan dan boat ddng phat triin nang lugng sdng bian va thuy triiu Ca ba nude la nhiing Ihanh vien diu tian ky kit vao OES Tdc dp phat tridn nang lugng dai duong gia tang dang ki hr mil OES Tir nam 2003 sd du an nghien cim phat ttidn da tang gap ddi tit khoang 35-76 h-ong cac qudc gia vien, va sd lugng cac chuong trinh dugc chinh phu eung cip kinh phi cho RD&D nang lugng dai duong cang gia tang Didu dugc phan anh h-ong su gia tang vian chinh thile va quan sat vian OES Thanh vien OES Tinh din thang 12/2010, 18 qudc gia la vian OES: Dan Mach, Bd Dao Nha, Anh, Nhat Ban, Ireland, Canada, Hoa Ky, Bi, Dire, Na Uy, Mexico, Tay Ban Nha, Y, New Zealand, Thuy Dian, Australia, Han Qudc va Nam Phi (hinh 1) 2010 ãã:=jÊô iiM* i i * : e i > i = : i i i i : = a i ^ s 2009 2008 2007 200i 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 « 10 12 U li Hinh Cdc quoc gia vien hiep dinh OES-IEA 18 Hoi light Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Bien loan qiiocj^ Cac qudc gia du kiin se tham gia nhirng nam tdi, bao gom nude Phan Li Phap, Brazil, An Dp, Ha Lan, Trung Qudc Chile va Indonesia Da cd hiep dinh 01 (2001-2005) va (2006-2011) dugc ky kit va thuc hien Ki hoach hang nam trinh qua li ban ciia Ban Dieu hanh hien tai la Anh, Ai Len Dan Mach va My, sau dd trinh lEA Tdin nhin OES Thuc hicn den nam 2020, vipc sir dung nang lugng biin vdi chi p canh tranh trdn co sd ben vimg eung cap Ihi phan quan trgng dd dap img nhu cau nai lugng luong lai Su menh OES: Tao thuan Igi va phdi hgp nghidn cuxi, phat trien va Irinh dian niir lugng dai duong thdng qua hgp lac qudc Id va trao ddi thdng lin, dan den viec trien khai \ thuong mai hda hdn virng, hieu qua, dang lin cay, cdng nghe nang lugng canh tranh vi cl phi va xem xet va an loan mdi trudng dai duong Muc lieu chian luac ban ddu: Bdn mue tidu chien luge ban dau tap trung vao: Phat Irian mang ludi va trao ddi thdng tin Phat tridn \a sir dung cae cdng nghe nang lugng bian Su tham gia ciia nganh cdng nghiep va eac tien ich chuong trinh OES (lEA) Tuong lac vdi chuong Irinh thuc hien toan cau, da phuong va qudc gia khac Muc lieu hien nay: Chii dgng khuydn khich va ho trg su phat trian cua cac mang ludi nguoi tham gia vj R, D&D (nghian cuu, Irian khai, phat Iriin), nguyan mlu thit nghiem va triin khai, chirf sach phat Irian va Irian khai, va tao co hdi va diiu kien kit ndi mang luoi Trd mgt ngudn dang tin cay cua thdng lin khach quan va cd hieu qua vis phd bidn thdng tin OES cho cae bdn lien quan, cac nha lam chinh sach va cdng chiing Thiic day va lao thuan Igi eho hgp tac nghidn cuu, phat triin va trinh dien di xac din va giai quyat cae rao can co hpi cho su phat triin va triin khai cac cdng nghe OE Thiic diy cac chinh sach va thii tuc phu hgp vdi phat triin bin viing Thuc day viee hai hda hda eac tidu chuin, phuong phap, thuat ngif, va hai hda hda Ih tuc, noi dd se tao thuan Igi cho su phat triin eiia nang lugng bien Cdc rao cdn: Ky Ihudt vd phi ky thudl - Phi kl Ihudt: ^Thiiu kiin thuc va hiiu biii vi cac cdng nghe va ngudn tai nguyen cd thi ngan ngi chmh phu va ehmh quyan dia phuong khai thae nang lugng dai duong, gay su thiiu li trg chinh tn can thiet va tao khd khan viee ed duoc phep lip dat thiit bi ' Sy khdrig ehac chan ve chat lugng va kha nang cua ngudn diSn di cd thi xin phep de phat dien ^^ Thiiu kiin Ihire vi du bao hoat ddng ciia thiit bi, din din kho khan tai tro 4^ Khd khan vije so sanh cac he thdng khac cd thS tao nen khd khan ck t h i a ohiiT^^nh/i" " nhu f ^can ' ™ ? " ""^^ ''™ ^^ "'•^ P'>^ Ph6i tbong phu hgp nhat vol ciia- ' bg •• dien tren nhtagh a v ^ , ^ ^ : ^ ^ ''"' ""'' '"""^ '™*'= '^^'-" -"^^ ^ 'hi la mot rao ca TiSu ban Ndng lugng Ky ihudt cdng trinh Van idi vd Cdng nghe Bien - Ky Ihudt: Che hoat dgng va thuy dgng lire hge ciia qua trinh hap thu song Cac mo hinh thuy dgng luc hgc hap thu song can phai dircrc cai thien de tjnh den cac hieu img phi tuyen tinh ma dygc biet la quan trgng Thieu tieu chuan chung de danh gia dp tin cay va kha nang ton tai Thong tin them ve eac ky thuat neo dau la bat buoc Nguon dien dua he thong can duac phat triin day du hoTi tren dat lien va dugc thu nghiem tren bien Phucmg phap chuan eho viec trien khai va thao da a quy mo thu nghiem timg phan tren bien, va a quy mo hoat dgng thir nghiem day du, c4n dugc phat trien III DANH GIA CHINH SACH VA U N G DUNG NANG LirONG BIEN THE GlOfI Hien tai da co mgt so dang nang lugrng bien da dugc khai thac dien nang tu gio ngoai khai, song, thuy trieu, man va rat bien la cong nghe dien song bien Co nhieu quoc gia da phat trien dien biSn cong nhu: Anh, Na Uy, Thuy Diin, Canada, Dan Mach, Han Qu6c, Tay Ban Nha, B6 Dao Nha, Niu Di Lan (hinh 2) UNIlBlUUI13fi:hL_ Hinh Sa img diing NLB tren the giai, nam 2010 Nhu cau quy ho^ch su' d^ng tdi nguyin vd khdng gian tai cac vung biin: Vi6c gia tai^^riuarig'khai thac bien nhu la dien biin (hinh 3-4) doi hoi cac qu6e gia phai CO quy hoach tong the khong gian bien, quy hoach su dung nang luong biin, cac danh gia tac dpng moi truong, phan tich chi phi Igi ich, thu tg-uu tien Noi nghi Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghe Bien loiuijlumJ}iRJ^ Chiin luac quoc gia nang litmg dai duang cua Ailen: Cd chiin luge phat hiin nang lugng bidn, 2005-2016 Cdng nghe thuong mai dian sdng biin Pelamis (da thuong mai hda tir 2008) ril Hinh Cdng nghe Pelamis (Ai len) | Hinh Dai dir an sdng bien cua Ai Le Pelamis hap thu nang lugng cua sdng bien va chuyen ddi nd dien May cd hii "con rdn" tren be mat cua nude bien, bao gdm mpt sd bd phan hinh tru ndi vdi bai cac khdp ban le Khi sdng di xudng theo chidu dai ciia may nhirng phan udn liri tuong ddi vdi Cac chtiydn dgng tai moi nhip chong lai vdi xi lanh thuy luc cd be chat long vao bp chira ap suat cao cho phep phat dien dupe thdng suit, lidn tuc Kiim si su ddi khang dugc ap dung bdi cac xi lanh thuy luc cho phep phat dien dugc tdi da t sdng nhd, va cd nhimg phan img de dugc giam thidu bao Tit ca cac he tho phat di$n dugc ddng kin va ludn khd benft-ongmay va ngudn dien dugc chuyin den biin bing each su dung day cap dudi biin va cac thiit bi theo tieu chuin Pelamis la mgt may chuyin ddi nang lugng sdng ngoai khoi, boat ddng d sau I ban 50m, thudng each 2-10 km tii bd biin Ke hoach phdt trien mgnh cua iifn gid tren biin cua chdu Au: Anh, Dan Mach, Due dang xay dung cac du an dien gid biin 200- 500 MW Hien dien gid bien ciia ehau Au da la lOOOOMW, va se tang nhanh lan 70000 MW vao n 2020 Tieu ban Ndng lugng Ky ihudt cdng trinh Van tdi vd Cdng nghe Bien Hinh Sa phdt trien dien gio bien du kien cua chdu Au Hinh Tuabin gio ngodi khai ddo Samso, Dan Mgch IV PHAN TICH HIEN TRANG M O T SO DANG NANG LlTONG BIEN VlfT NAM Hien tai Viet Nam moi a giai doan so khai, chiing ta c6 mgt vai tai lieu ve mat eiia cac dang nang luong bien (hinh 10-13) ma chua c6 nhiing ung dung cu the phat dien tren bien Quy hoaeh, phan vung nang lugfng bien chua duge thue hien, eae co che chinh saeh dac thu cua Viet Nam vol nang lupng bien chua dupe nghien cuu de xuat Cac nghien cihi mai chi dugc thuc hien thong qua de tai khoa hgc cong nghe [4], chua co trien khai ung dung, lap dat thiet bi phat dien bien quy mo cong nghiep Hinh JO NLBXMTbien Viet Nam Hinh 12 NL sdng bien Viet Nam (NE) Hinh }} NL gio bien Viet Nam (10m) Hinh 13 NL thuy trieu Viet Nam Hoi nghi Kliou hoc vd Cong nglie Bien lodn qtidcjdnjliirj^ V THAO LUAN VA DE XUAT Cac kit qua nghien ciiu img dung, trien khai NLB hien tran tha gidi la rat kha quan, lao cho cac nude dang phat Iriin va cd bicn rdng nhu Viet Nam, nhung diau kijj thuan Igi di phat triin nhanh viec khai thae, su dung cac ngudn nang lugng bicn, gdp phin dam bio an ninh nang lugng qudc gia, phuc vu cd hieu qua eho phat triin kinh te xa hoi bin vung cua dit nude va img phd vdi BDKH Mac dii nang lugng biin cd nhiiu uu viet nhu sach, it gay d nhiem mdi trudng, cd liem nang Idn, mgt si ngudn vd tan, song Idn tai nhirng nhugc didm nhu ngudn phan tan khong on dinh, phu Ihupc nhiiu vao thian nhicn gay khd khan cho viec khai thac Khai thac NL biin eung gay anh hudng din cac ddi lugng su dung lai nguyen khac nhu: nudi trdng, danh bit hai san, hang hai, quic phdng, dau Cin cd quy hoach khdng gian bian, ven bian cu tha va cd bd sung nganh cdng nghiep dien bien Cac cdng nghe khai thac nang lupng mat trdi, Gid, Sdng, Trieu, hien da Ihucrng mai hoa va trien khai tdt, gia canh tranh vdi cac NL khac Da cd Hiep dinh qudc Id OES ciia lAE tir 2001, vdi 18 nude vien, cd hd trg ky thuat vd NL bian OES thirc day RD&D va xay dung eac lieu chuan VQ NL bian Cac qudc gia bian dau da cd chian luge phat Irian nang lugng bien cho the ki 21 De khai thac va phat trien nang lugng bian, Viet Nam can xiic tian cac van de sau day: - Viet Nam can sdm trd thanh vian hiep dinh OES, cac hiep dinh khac da dugc ho trg va NL bian - Xay dung Chian luge qudc gia nang lugng bidn va quy hoach, phat triin, dao tao nhan luc, nghian cim, img dung triin khai, chinh sach, phap ly, tai chinh - Cac ngudn nang lugng bidn Viet Nam cin dac biet chu trgng uu tien nghian cuu, phai trien va quan ly la ngudn nang lugng gid, mat trdi, sdng biin, thuy triiu, nhiet biin, muii bian va sinh khdi - Day manh hgp tac qudc id dao lao nhan lire, hdi thao tap huin, cac hd trg tai chinh, ky thuat, chinh sach, kinh nghiem vi RD&D vi NL biin - Can lap Co quan diu mdi qudc gia NLB di diiu phdi, danh gia, theo ddi va bao cao hang nam vi biin dgng NL biin lai Viet Nam va hgp tae qudc ti TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Du Van Toan, 2005 Nang lugng thuy triiu biin Ddng TC Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe bidn Sd 12 tr Du Van Toan va nnk, 2007 "Nang lugng biin: tiim nang, cdng nghe, chinh sach" TT HNKH-qude gia 300 h- ,n.?,;,?L'^f",T°^"'-^°°'- ? " " ' ' ^^'^^ 1"™ '^ '*' "Euyen nang luong biin Viet Nam HNKH Trien khai ve NL bian", Vien KH nang lugng Vien KHCNVN Tieu han Ndng hrgng Ky Ihudt cdng trinh Van Idi vd Cdng nghe Bien Nguyen Manh Hiing va nnk, 2010 De tai KC.09/2006-2010 Dieu tra danh gia tiem nang cac dang Nang lupng bien chii yeu va-de xuat eac giai phap khai thac IPCC, 2011 Special Report Renewable Energy Sources 25 pp WWF, 2011 The Energy Report 100% Renewable Energy by 2050 134 pp Renewable energy 2010 Key Fact and Figures for Decision Makers 27 pp (http://www.ren21.net/gsr) Annual Report 2010 Implementing Agreement on Ocean Energy Systems 134 pp lEA Ocean Energy Systems Implementing Agreement Strategic Plan, 2007^2011.12 pp  ... bien quy mo cong nghiep Hinh JO NLBXMTbien Viet Nam Hinh 12 NL sdng bien Viet Nam (NE) Hinh }} NL gio bien Viet Nam (10m) Hinh 13 NL thuy trieu Viet Nam Hoi nghi Kliou hoc vd Cong nglie Bien lodn... moi nhip chong lai vdi xi lanh thuy luc cd be chat long vao bp chira ap suat cao cho phep phat dien dupe thdng suit, lidn tuc Kiim si su ddi khang dugc ap dung bdi cac xi lanh thuy luc cho phep... dugc xem xet Chiin luge biin Viet Nam din nam 2020 da xac dinh rd, bien cd vi tri quan trgng phat trien kinh ti, va chian luge phat trien nang lugng biin Viet Nam buoc diu dugc trien khai, cdn