Thiết kế, lắp đặt hệ thống điều khiển thiết bị điện từ xa qua mạng

D I | : N THl/dNG THlfC Q THIlT Ki, \A? DAT HE TH6NG D I I U KHI^N THiiT Bj DIlN T i r XA QUA M A N G L l Vdn Doanh - VQ Quang Hdu Ngdy cefsdii^ ting viin thing bing eing ngh^ gdi dfcli vy vi tuyin d}nft In/ing d&H^u diding thih^ thaba (GPRS/3G - Global Paeltet Radio Service) vi Internet dd p/ii) sdng rdng rdi cho phip thuc hl^n vl^c nhiiu dich vu diin thogi di ddng vd Internet trin dia bin toin qu6c Nhim muc dich thUc hlin chtjfc nang gidm sdt vi dieu khiin cho cdc thiit bi diin tCfxa qua mang chung til da thiit Id vi Up ddt mot he thing c6 thi gidm sdt vi dieu khien tvtxa hogt ddng cOa cdc thiet bj diin Ddy cung Id budc ddu cho viic xdy dt/ng mdt hi thing diin thing minh dd tich hop hi thing dich vu vien thong vdi hi thing diin TfCH HCrp H | THdNG GPRS/3GVAOHeTHdNGOI$N /./ Nguyen lydieu khien ddi tuqng t(f xa qua mang: Mdt he thdng d i l u khiln giam sdt tir xa cac thiet bj dien (hinh 1) gdm cdc khoi: Khoi thiet bj dien (den, dpng CO, ) la ddi tUpng d i l u khien , „ Bq gmo tiep ^ Bpxiily ^un^ tam Vi d i l u khien thuc hien vai trd bd dieu khiln Bd cam b i l n nhdm theo doi gidm sat bien trang thai cua doi tupng dieu khien Bd giao t i l p ddng vai trd k i t ndi dieu khien ngoai vi (diln thoai di ddng, PC) qua mang vien thong vdi vi dieu khien Hinh Nguyin 1^ gidm sat va dieu khien tdxa doi tUOng qua mang Dien A D&i SOB^\ 43 E] D I I N THl/dNG THCfC o l d i l u khiln cdc t h i l t bj d i | n ta xa qua dl$n thoal dl d^ng vd Internet c i n cd m?ng dl d^ng GSM vd xdy dpng m^t Web Server l2MqngdiddngG5M GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) - H$ thdng thdng tin dl d^ng todn cdu GSM dJpc t l l u chuin hda cho cdc t h u l bao dl dOng dl chuyin giaa cdc vj tri dja ly khdc d Vl|t Nam cd mang d l | n thoat GSM dd Id; -Moblphone:090=>093 - VIettel 097,098 Cdc mang dl$n thoai dl d^ng GSM sCf dung cdng ngh$ TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) - Oa truy cdp phdn chia theo thdi gian Ody Id cdng ngh$ cho p h i p mdy di d^ng c6 t h i sir dpng chung m^t kinh, m6i mdy s i sadyng /8 khodng thdl gian d l truyin vd nhdn thdng tin Mdi mang di|n thoai di ddng ed nhilu tdng ddi chuyin mach MSC (Mobile Switching Center) cdc khu vpc khdc (Vf dy nhu tdng ddi m l l n Bdc, m i l n Trung, m l l n Nam) vd mdi tdng ddi l^i cd nhilu tram thu phdt vd tuyin BSS (Base Switching Station) (hinh 2) Tr*n*ufMl^luy4n MS ef^ttnciddOng MSC Tone vM cnuysn tnocti TCP/IP khdng chi gdm giao thijfc, trin thpc t l nd Id t i p hpp cCia n h i l u giao thac (Suite Of Protocols) 2.2 Dia chi IP M6I mdy tinh t r i n mang TCP/IP dUpc nh^n dang bdng mOt dja chi IP logic Mdi tram hay mfil t h i l t bj mang sa dyng TCP/IP d l truyin thdng cOng cdn cd m^t dja chi IP nhit - VInaphone: 091 ^>094 ess Transmission Control Protocol (Giao thac dilu k h i l n t r u y i n thdng) / Internet Protocol (Giao thdc Internet) DAnmenedl^ thoai c djnh ^ - n , , - ^ DuOng tuyin «eiuv4n Dudnetn^lnhOvtuyAn Oja chi IP cho b i l t vj tri cOa h | thdng mang gidng nhudja chi xdc djnh ngdi nha tren phd ndodd.Tuong t p n h u d i a ehl nhd ddja chi IP phdi Id n h i t t r i n todn cdu vd phdi dupc v i l t dudi djnh dang ehuln M6l dja ehl IP dUpc chia thdnh hai phdn: dja ehl m?ng (Net ID) vd dia chi tram (Host ID) Net ID: Dung d l nhdn dang nhCfng h | thdng cung m^t khu vpc vdt ly cdn dupc gpi Id Phdn doan (Segment) Moi h i thdng cung m^t phdn doan phdi ed cung dia ehl mang vd dja ehl ndy phdi Id nhit sd cdc mang h i l n ed Host ID: Dung de nhdn dang mdt tram Idm v f | c m0t mdy chu, mdt duimg truyin (Router) hodc mdt tram TCP/IP mdt phdn doan.Oja ehl tram cung phdi Id n h i t mang Oja ehl IP cung gdm hai phin: NET ID - HOST ID Phdn ddu t i l n , NET ID nhdn dang mang md mdy tinh ndi tdi Tit cd mdy tinh cCing mang phdi ed eiing NET ID Hinh Cdu true ca bdn cua mqng di ddng Cdng nghe GSM sadung bdng tan - Bang tan GSM 900MHz -Bang tan GSM 1800MHz - Vd bang tan GSM 1900MHz Tat cd cdc mang dien thoai di dpng d Vilt Nam hiln dang sa dung bang tan 900 MHz, nhieu nude sa dung bdng tan 1800 MHz, My SLf dung bang tan 1900 MHz €>|£U KHI^N THI^T Bj QUA MANG INTERNET 2.1 Nguyen ly dieu khien qua Internet Oe cac may may tinh c6 the lien lac vdi qua Internet, chiing phdi cd giao thdc (Protocol) chung TCP/IP Id v i l t tdt eiia 441 Dien Jk D&i song Phdn t h d hai, HOST ID xac djnh mdy tinh, router hodc t h i l t bi mang khdc mang HOST ID phdi Id nhdt Hai mdy tinh ed the c6 cung HOST ID n l u NET ID cua chung khac nhau, gidng nhu hai dudng cd the ciing ten n l u nhu chung thudc hal qudn khdc Su k i t hpp glQa NET ID va HOST ID phdi cho p h i p nhan dang nhdt moi may tinh n i n g biet Cdc dia ehl IP ed chilu dai 32 bit dddc chia thdnh day Moi ddy gdm Sbit (Ibyte), moi byte duoc phan cdch bdng diu"."; byte la gid tri ndm khodng ta 0-255 Ta y tudng t r i n , md hinh dieu khien thilt bj qua mang may tinh s i dUpc xdy dUng theo so dd hinh Vi dupc xdy dung tren n I n Web nen tai bat ky mdy tinh ndo cd ndi mang truy cap vao trang web Id cd the d i l u khiln dupc thiet bj DipN THUdNG TH&C Q Client f^^^^V Server Tbi ngoai vi (tai) Card giao di^n /3-0.0-&c\ Hinh Diiu khiin thiit bi qua Internet Md hinh d i l u khiln hinh gdm bdn phdn: Client Id mdt mdy tinh cd cdi trinh duy&t Web vd dupe ndi vdi Server Mdy ehii Server cd Web Server, cac client ed t h i truy cdp vao ddy d l tac dpng d i n cdc t h i l t bi ngoai vi Card giao di&n ed the k i t ndi vdi may tinh Nhdn l l n h t a may tinh de dien khien cdc t h i l t bj, theo ddi trang thai eua nd va gOi thdng tin trd lai may tinh Thilt bi ngoai vi (tdi) la cac thiet bj can dieu khien Nhu phan tich d t r i n d l thuc hien dieu khien thiet bj ta xa qua mang edn: - Xay dung mot Web Server - Xay dung phan cang gdm Card giao di&n vdtdL 2.3 Xdy dung WEBSERVER Web Server la mdt hay nhieu may chii tai chaa ngudn cua trang Web, may tinh phdi dupc cai cac ehuong trinh phuc vu Web Chinh nhQng chuong trinh se thiet lap cac ket ndi de ngudi sa dung cd the truy cap dupc vao trang web phdi Id m^t thdnh viln thudc user group dupe qudn 1^ bdi Window vd cd dxsqc username vd password ciia trang web (hinh 4) Khi xdy dUng Web Server thi nhang y l u edu t r i n phdi duac thda man, 2A CARD giao diin: Card giao di&n Id thilt bj cho p h i p k i t ndi mdy tinh vdi vl dilu khiln Card giao dien ed nhilm vu ddm bdo k i t ndi gida mdy tinh vd cdc t h i l t bi c i n dieu khiln Nd t i l p nhdn m&nh l&nh dilu khiln ta mdy tinh gOi xudng vd thue thi cdc minh l&nh dd, ddng thdi gidm sat hoat ddng ciia tdi d l gifi cdc thdng tin liln quan d i n tdi len mdy tinh, ta dd ngudi dilu khien s i biet trang thdi ciia tdi Card giao di&n ket ndi vdi mdy tinh qua truyin thdng ndi t i l p , khodng cdch gida mdy tinh va Card khdng xa n I n ehuln RS-232 cd the dap Cfng Khdi giao dien cd nhiem vy chuyen doi mac logic eCia mdy tfnh sang mde logic cua v i d i l u khiln Oe ddm bdo cd sU c6 xdy d card giao d i l n hay nguoc lai thi se khdng gay dnh hudng tdi b i n kia, sU cdch ly gida hai tang dupc thue hien Mdt vi dilu khien (MCU) dupe ldp trinh t i l p nhdn dd lilu tren may tinh va mii ly ddng thdi gdi thdng tin phdn hoi ve may tinh 3.THI^T K £ MACH VATfNH CHON LINH KICN 3.1 Khoi giao dien Vl mach MAX232 (hinh 4) duoc chon Idm linh ki&n trung gian giao tiep gida may tinh va bd vi dieu khien MCU ddng thdi lam nhiem vu chuyen mde logic cua mdy tfnh sang mac logic TTL Do dac tinh chan sd 7(RTS) cCia cdng COM, dupe Enable, dien ap tai chan sd se Id-Hi 2V, sir dung dae tinh ta se elp ngudn cho MAX232 de each ly hoan toan cd ve tin hieu Ian nguon cung elp Tuy nhien MAX232 sif dung dien ap la -nSV, do de dien ap tai chan sd xudng ta diing mot diode Zener 5,1 V phan cue nghjch Cong tai chan sd 11 va 12 duoc dua d i n khdi each ly tin hieu sau dd mdi tdi vi dieu khien Nhdm muc dieh mot ngUdi sa dung ta mdt may tinh nao cd the vao trinh duy&t Web (Internet Explorer, hoac cac trinh duylt khdc) va duoc noi mang qua Web Server se dupc tra ve mpttrang web.Tatrang web ngudi sif dung cd the kilm tra tinh trang ciia thilt bj dong thdi cho phep dieu khien ON/OFF cac thiet bj thdng qua card giao diln tai Server Tuy nhien de ngudi sif dung cd the vao dupe trang web thi ngudi Hinh Khoi giao diin Dien Jt D&i songl 45 E] Dl|N THPdNG THCfC 3.2 Kh6l cdch ly Kh«l cich ly thi^c hl«n nhlfm VM cich ly tin h l j u gida m i y tinh vS vl ai5u khIin t r i n h si^ h6ng h6c Wo theo khlmOtb^nblsi^cA Transistor quang 4N35 c6 t h i d i m n h l j m auijc n h l j m VM cich ly (hinh 5) rol tr«n dl«n triS R4 l i OV, cung c j p cho RxD cOa MCU l i mLfc"0" Khi MCU truyin b i f l "tiiTxD, k h i n g c6 su chtnh l^ch (Jlfn i p giaa n g u i n 5V v i c h i n TxD n i n e i t quang tSt, Transistor quang ngung dSn l i m cho T,„cua MAX232 col nhu n«l nguSn v i bit " " dupc truyin l«n m i y tinh, Khi MCU truyin bit "O'tClTxD, d6ng d i i n chay qua 0161 quang l i m cho Transistor quang d i n T,„cua MAX232 col nhu ndi d i t v i bit "0" ducic truyin l i n m i y tinh Tii l i m j t bbng d i n 1OW Viic b } t t i t d i n thdng qua role (hinh 7) dU(7c li;a chpn phu hpp v6l c6ng suit cua t i l D6ng d i i n qua role I = P/U = 10/220 = 0,045A Chpn role xoay chliu 220V, 0,1A Hlnh5./tM/ciic/i/y Khi tin hiiu duoc dua v i o c6ng vio In (gii sO logic 1), €)l6t quang duoc phin cue thuin v i phit sing, transistor quang duoc phin ci;c thuin n i n din, diin i p ngudn +5V chCi y i u roi trgn R2, d6 tai c6ng Out ta du