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Hdi nghi Khou hgc vd Cdng nghe bien todn qudc ldn thir V XAY DlTNG KE HOACH SO TAN SONG T H A N CHO KHU VlTC DO THI THANH P H NHA TRANG SLT DUNG CONG NGHE GIS Nguyen Hong Phtrffng' Vu Ha Phl^^yng^ Pham The Truyen' E-mails: phuong.dongdat@,email.eom ptt502(a),gmail.com haphuong303@gmail.com ' Vien Vdt ly Dia cau, Vien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam, ^Khoa Khi tucmg thiiy vdn vd Hdi duang hgc, tnrdng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc tu nhien Tom tat: Theo cdc nghien ciru gdn day, cd vj tri khd dgc thii, viing bd bien Viet Nam cd nhiiu khd ndng phdi chju su tdc dgng chu yeu tir cdc viing nguon sdng thdn ndm ben khu vuc Bien Ddng, dd viing n^on Mdng bien Manila Bac duac coi la vUng ngudn sdng thdn nguy hiem nhdt doi v&i bd bien Viet Nam Ket qud tinh thdi gian lan truyen sdng thdn cho thdy sau phdt sinh tren viing ngudn Mdng bien Manila, song thdn chi mdt khodng gia dong hd de tdn cong vdo ba bien Vi$t Nam Vi vay, vi^c sa tdn ddn sau nhdn dugc thong bdo sdng thdn Id mgt nhieng cong viec phdi dirac iru tien hdng ddu tgi cdc khu virc bj sdng thdn de dga Trong thuc te, viec to chirc sa tdn duac tinh tir liic ijhgn duac thdng bdo tdi thai diem song thdn dp tai la mgt khodng thai gian rdt ngdn Cdc ke hoach sa tdn sdng thdn von la mgt phdn cua cdng tdc irng bao gdm viec xdy dung cdc bdn sa tdn vd cdc kich bdn cu the, thudng dugrc lap trudc tgi cdc dia phuang bi sdng thdn de dga nhdm ddm bdo su sdn sdng ciia cgng ddng vd cdng tdc sa tdn dug'c thuc hien nhanh cd sir co Trong bdi bdo ndy, ke hoach sa tdn song thdn duac xdy dung vd dp dung thir nghiem cho mgt khu vuc thi ven bien cua thdnh Nha Trang Cong nghe GIS vd ky thuat phdn tich da tieu chudn du^c sir dying de xdc dinh cdc khu vuc sa tdn vd cdc dia diem trii dn cd sdng thdn Cdc kit qud duac trinh bdy du&i dgng tap bdn vi tri sa tdn a hai cdp khdn cdp vd mot kich bdn sa tdn vai cdc huang ddn vd gidi thich cu the Cdc kit qud trinh bdy bdi bdo ndy cd the coi la nhirng budc ddu tien nd luc xdy dung mgt quy trinh chudn hoa vd chi tiit cho viec lap ki hoach sa tdn ddn khoi hiem hga sdng thdn tgi Viet Nam Mo hinh co the dugc hodn thiin vd nhdn rgng di dp dun^ cho cdc khu vice ddn cu tren todn ddi ven biin Viet Nam tuang lai Di phuc vit cho y tuang ndy, bdi bdo dira mgt logt cdc kiin nghi cho viic lap ke hoach vd dp dung th&i gian tai Jj£uj!an Khi tupng, Thiiy van vd Dgng lire hgc Bien DEVELOPMENT OF A TSUNAMI EVACUATION PLAN FOR URBAN AREAS OF NHA TRANG CITY USING GIS Abstract: In this paper, a tsunami evacuation plan was developed for a coastal urban area of the Nha Trang city GIS technology and multi-criteria analysis technique were used for delineating evacuation zones and shelters in case of tsunami The results are presented in terms of a set of evacuation maps at two levels of emergency and a evacuation scenarios with detad guidance and explanation L MdDAU Sdng than la dang thien tai nguy hiem cd the gay nhihig thiet hai mang tinh buy diet cho nhan loai Nhiing tran sdng than buy diet cang xuat hien vdi tin suit cao hon hong nhimg nam gan day nhu : tran dgng dit cd ldn Mw= 9.0 gSy sdng thin a An Do Duong 25 thang 12 nam 2004 (khoang 300 000 ngudi chit), h?in dgng dit cd dg lijn M„= 9.0 gay sdng thin d ddng dao Hon Su, Nhat Ban 11 thang nam 2011 (khoang 20 000 ngudi chit) cho thay nhQng thiet hai njng nl nhit sdng thin gay chii ylu tap trung d nhiimg khu vuc dan cu hay cac thj nam hen dai ven bien Theo cac nghien cum gan day, cd vj tri kha dac thu, vung ba bien Viet Nam cd nhieu kha nang phaii chju su tac dgng chu yen tir cac vimg nguon sdng than nam ben khu v\rc Bien Dong, dd viing nguon Mang bien Manila Bac dugc coi la vung nguon sdng than nguy hiem nhat doi vgi bd bien Viet Nam Ket qua tinh thdi gian Ian truyen sdng than cho thay sau phat sinh tren viing ngudn Mang bien Manila, song than chi mat khoang gid ddng hd dl tan cong vao bd bien Viet Nam [I] Vi vay, vi?c so tan dan sau nhan dugc thong bao sdng thin la mgt nhihig cong vi$c phai dugc tm tien hang dau tai cac khu vvrc bi song thin de dga Trong thvrc te, vifc td chiic so tan dugc tinh tir Iiic nhan dugc thdng bao tdi thdi dilm sdng than ap tdi la mgt khoang thoi gian rit ngln Cac kl hoach so tan sdng than vdn la mgt phin cua cong tac iing pho, bao gom vi?c xay d\mg cac ban dd so tan va cac kjch ban cu thi, thudng dugc lap hudc tai cac dia phuang bi sdng thin de dpa nhim dam bao sif sin sang cua cgng ddng va cong tac so tan dugc thvc hi$n nhanh cd s\f c6 Trong bai bao nay, kl hoach so tan song thin dugc xay d\mg va ap dung thii nghi?m cho mgt khu vyc thj ven biin cua phd Nha Trang Cong nghg GIS va ky thuat phan tich da tieu chuin dugc sur dung dl xac djnh cac khu v\ic sa tan va cac dia dilm tni an co sdng thin Cac kit qua dugc hinh bay dudi dang tap ban vj tri sa tan d hai cap khin cip va mgt kich ban so tan vdi cac hudng din va giai thich c\i the Jioi ngni ls.noa ngc va t^ong ngrie bien loan quoc tun t II CAC DU LIEU DAU VAO Khu vuc nghien cihi Khu vuc dd thi ven biin cua phd Nha Trang duge lira chgn lam khu vuc nghien cuu vdi li phudng, dan so 163.885 ngudi va dien tich lit 7.9 km (Hinh 1) Day la khu phat hiin du Ijch, nai tap ddng dan cu, nha cira, cac co quan dau nao nen sdng than xay khu vuc nhay cam cd nguy co thiet hat ldn nhat )U Oa Chdng hon Cau hon Dung NHATRANG ShaTmns; BR ' ãp Vinh %uv4n '"- J _Hdô TRE 482 I •s PhuticDBng Hinh Vi tri khu vuc nghien ciru trin bdn thdnh Nha Trang (mdu do) Ctf sd dir lieu Cac dii lieu thude tinh duac su dung bao gdm hai loai chinh la dii lieu ve dan sd va du lieu v6 nha eira, dd cae dir lieu ve dan sd duac khai thae tu eae nien giam thdng ke Sd heu dan sd chi tiet tdi cap phudng duge liet ke bang [2] STT 10 11 Bang 1.' Ddn so vd dien tich cdc phuong khu vuc nghien cim ndm 2009 Dan so (ngudi) Ten Phuong Dien tich (kin2) 20.662 VTnh Phudc 1,09 VTnh Tho 14.823 "" 1,3 Van Thang 13.012 0,28 Xuong Huan 17.873 0,61 Phuang Sai 13.284 0,29 Phuac Tan 13.103 0,48 Phudrc Tien 12.680 0,3 Phudc Hda 14.461 1,12 Tan Lap 16.242 0,59 Loc Tho 12.861 1,47 Van Thanh 0,37 14.884 ZJcujMn^ Khi lugng Thiiy van vci Dong luc hoc Bien De khao sat va thu thap cac dit lieu thugc tinh ve nha eua, cdng tac thuc dja dugc td chuc quy md tai khu vuc dd thj sat bd bien phd Nha Trang Cae can bg khao sat da tien hanh khao sat cac cdng trinh xay dung tren loan bg eae khu phd, cac ngo phd, cac cum dan cu tren dja ban theo mau phieu dieu tra da lap s5n Cac dir lieu thugc tinh vl nha cira duge ndi kel vdi cac dii lieu khdng gian ve nha cira, dugc sd hda tir anh nin Google d ty le 1:2000 Ngoai cac dii lieu ve dan sd va nha ciia, dir lieu md hinh sd cao (DEM) khu vuc Nha Trang cung dugc khai thac tir ngudn www.gebeo.net Tren eo sd cac dir lieu thu thap dugc, mgt co sd du lieu GIS duge lap tren mdi tmdng eua phiin mem Arc View GIS Ngoai cac dir lieu diu vao dugc luu trii dudi dang cac ban dd chuyen de va ban dd nen, co sd dir lieu GIS cdn luu trii ca cac ban dd kit qua [3] III PHUONG PHAP VA CONG CV THVC HIEN Trong nghien cim nay, ky thuat phan tich da tieu chuan (Muhi-criteria analysis) va cdng nghe GIS duge ap dung de xay dung ke hoaeh so tan sdng thin eho mgt khu vuc thi ven bien nam vdng anh huang eiia sdng than Quy trinh xay dung kl hoach so tan sdng than bao gdm cae budc sau : Xac dinh eac tieu chi lira chgn eac khu vuc so tan sdng than Thanh lap tap ban cac khu vuc so tan sdng than vdi cap khan cap khac Xay dung cac kich ban so tan sdng than chi tiet Ky thuat phan tich da tieu chuan da dugc ap dung kha rdng rai cae qua trinh quyet djnh, vdi ngi dung chinh bao gom viec xac djnh cac muc tieu can dat va phan tich to hgp cac tieu chuan khac de dua phucmg an tdi uu cho quyet dinh cudi cung [4f Cln day, ky thuat phan tich da tieu chuan da dugc ap dimg de danh gia nguy co bj tdn thuang sdng thin cho mgt khu vuc dd thj cua Nha Trang nam tren dai ven biin miln Trung f2J Trpng bai nay, ky thuat phan tich da tieu chuin dugc ap dung de xay dung cac tieu chi lira chgn dja dilm ijimg lam ngi tni an khan cap cho ngudi dan cd sdng than tan cdng Cdng nghe He thdng tin dja ly (hay cdn ggi la GIS) vdi nhitng chiic nang xii Iy va quan ly dd hga manh, cho phep hien thj cac kit qua tren man hinh may tinh mgt each linh hoat va tien lgi Nggai ra, cac chiic nang lap trinh cua GIS cdn cho phep tao cac ting dung phin mem manh va nhilu chiic nang hen mdi truomg Windows, cho phep ngudi sii dung cap nhat va chinh sita dO lieu, xay d\mg va thu nghiem nhiing md hinh phiic tap mgt each cd hi?u qua Trong cong trinh nay, cong nghe GIS dugc ap dung de xay dirng xay d\tng co sd dii lieu, cac ban dd phan bd cac dja dilm va cac khu vuc so tan sdng than d cac cap • khin cip khac va hiin thj cac Ig frinh so tan theo kjch ban IV XAY DlfNG CAC TIEU CHI LlTA CHQN DIA Dl£M SO TAN SONG THAN Theo cac kit qua tinh toan cho cac kjch ban sdng than tren Bien Dong, dgng dat cudng 8,3 Richter xay d khu vuc ranh nude sau Manila co the tao nen sdng than cao 2,1 m d Nha Trang va len den m neu dgng dit co cuang 9,2 Richter a ciing khu vuc Hoi nglii Khoa hoc vci Cong nghe bii'n lodn quoc lun lin Thdi gian sdng thin di hr vung ranh nuac sau Manila tdi vung bien Nha Trang la khoang tieng ddng hd [5] Dua vao thdi gian lan truyin cua sdng thin tir ngudn phat sinh den khu yitc nghien ciru, hai mirc khin cip sau day dugc lira chgn lam eg sd cho viijc xay dung ke hoach so tan: • d p I: Cho phep di tan dan thdi gian: t < 0.5 h c i p 2: Cho phep di tan dan thai gian: 0.5 h < t < h Can cir vao hai mirc khin cip da xac dinh tren day, cac dja diem so tan sdng than cung dugc phan hai loai Ddi vdi cap 1, thdi gian so tan chi cho phep thuc hi?n vdng 30 phut, nen dia dilm so tan dugc lira chgn la cac Ida nha cao tang cd kcl ciiu bin virng sat bd biin nim khu vuc nghien ciru D6i vdi cap 2, thdi gian so tan dai ban, cd thi len din mgt tiing ruoi ddng hd, nen cac khu vuc so tan duge ehgn ed ihl nim sau hon dit liin vdi dilu kien la phai cd dja hinh du cao de tranh dugc lac dgng cua sdng than Xiiy dung ticu chi lua chon dja diem s» tan song than cap Theo gia thiit tit kjch ban tinh sin, cao sdng than ldn nhit cd the xay a Nha Trang la m (tuang duong cao nha ting) va sdng thin xay thi khu vuc nam sat bd la noi cd mirc tdn thuang cao nhat De xay dung tieu chi lira chgn dja diem so tan sdng thin cip 1, loan bd khu vuc nghien ciiu dugc chia ba ddi chay song song vdi bd biin va dugc danh sd theo thu tu tit phia bien vao dit hen bao ddi 1, ddi va ddi Mitc tdn thuong giam diin kht cang tien sau vao dat lien Sir dung ky thuat phan tich da tieu ehuan dua tren mtic ton thuong ket cau, so tang cua cac ngoi nha va mirc dg tdn thuang theo khoang each, tieu chi xay dyng ban dd cac dia diem so tan sdng than cap dugc xac dinh nhu sau [2]- a) Trong ddi 1, cac khdi nha dugc lira chgn lam dja diem tni an theo cac tieu chi sau: • Ket cau be tdng gia co • Sd ting: s > • Nam ddi each ba bien < 500 m b) Trong ddi 2, cac khdi nha dugc lira chgn lam dja diem tni an theo cac tieu chi sau: • Ket cau be tong gia cd • Sd tang: s > • Nam ddi each bd bien tir 500 m den 1000 m c) Trong ddi 3, cac khdi nha dugc lira chgn lam dja diem tni an theo cac tieu chi sau: • Ket cau be tdng gia cd, gach gia cd va gach • Sd tang: s > • Nam ddi each bd bien > 1000 m Xay dung tieu chi lira chgn dia dilm sir tan song thin cap Tren the gidi da timg ghi nhan song thin cd cao tdi 30 m xay d ngoai khoi Tay Bac Sumatra, tai viing bien An Do Duong Do khu vuc nghien cim co dja hinh tuong doi bang phang, vcji cao trung binh la 3m, nen cac khu vuc so tan cho truang hcrp cip phai dugc lua chgn cho ngudi dan cd the cd d i thai gian din noi so tan an toan Hf^jhan Khi lugng Thuy vdn vd Dgng luc hgc Bien Tren ea sd cua nhung lap luan neu tren, tieu chi lira chpn eac khu vue sa tan sdng than d cap dp duac xac dinh la cac khu vuc cd dp cao dia hinh tren 30 m va nam vdng ban kinh nhd hon 10 km quanh khu vuc nghien cuu V THANH LAP TAP BAN DO CAC KHU VU'C SO TAN SONG THAN Cac ban dd khu vue sa tan sdng than duac xay dimg tren mdi trudng eua phan mem Arcview, su dung cac cdng cu ngam dinh cua phan mem Dudi day md ta eac quy trinh lap cac ban dd sa tan sdng than d ea hai miic dp khan cap Xay dung ban sor tan sdng than c4p Ban so tan sdng than cap dp duac xay dung theo cac tieu chi de mue IV Ranh gidi eua ba ddi hep nam dpc theo bd bien dupe vach tren ban dd vdi eac dia diem tru an khan cap dupe xae dinh la eac tda nha cao tang cd ket cau viing ehac, cd dii siic chdng dd nhirng dot tan cdng eua tran sdng than Tren mdi tnrdng cua phan mem Arcview, ban dd cac khu vuc sa tan sdng than cap dp dupe xay dung theo cac budc sau: Bu&c 1: edng cu sd hda dupe su dimg de xac dinh ranh gidi cac ddi Zone 1, Zone va Zone 3: • Zone 1: Ranh gidi la dudng bd bien va dudng song song vdi bd bien va each bd bien khoang L < 500 m • Zone la ddi tiep giap vdi Zone I va nam khoang tu 500 m den 1000 m so vdi bd bien • Zone la ddi cd khoang each vdi bd bien >1000 m Hinh Bdn cdc khu vuc sa tdn simg thdn ddn cdp Hdi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe biin todn qudc ldn thii; V Budc 2: cdng cu tao lap tra van dupe su dung de tim cac khdi nha thda man cac di^u ki|n a), b) va c) md ta muc IV.! d tren Bu&c 3: Su dung phep chpn ddi tupng theme tren theme (Select by Theme) de ehpn cac ddi tupng cd mdi quan he khdng gian xac dinh so vdi cac ddi tupng khac day ddi tupng dupe chpn la cac khdi nha nam hoan toan tung ddi theo mdi quan he khdng gian « Are Completely Within » Tren hinh minh hpa ban dd so tan sdng thin e4p dp dupe xay dung theo phuang phap md ta d tren Tren ban the hien cac khdi nha dii dieu kien dupe chpn lam dia di^m dd ngudi dan cd the chay tdi tru an vdng dudi 30 phut trudc sdng than tin cdng Nhihig khdi nha mau dd nam ddi nguy hiem nhat, dd la nhirng khdi nha cd k^t ciu be tdng gia cd va cd sd tang > tang Ket qua cd 118 khdi nha da duac chpn lam nai tru in dam bao an toan Nhung khdi nha mau vang nam ddi it nguy hiem han, cd ket eau be tdng gia co va sd tang > tang Cd 348 khdi nha thda man tieu chi Ddi it nguy hidm nhit cd 481 khdi nha mlu xanh dupe chpn la nhiing khdi nha cd kit cau be tdng gia cd, gach hoac gach gia cd va sd tang > ting Hinh Bdn cdc khu vuc sa tdn song thdn cdp Tieujian Kht tugng, Thiiy vdn vd Dong luc hgc Bien Xay dung ban 36 sff tan sdng thin cap Ban dd eac khu vuc sa tan sdng than cap dp bieu thi nhirng khu vuc cd cao thda man tieu chi (H > 30m) va quanh khu vuc nghien cuu ban kinh 10 km de ngudi dan se sa tan den dd nin thdi gian sa tan cho phep tu 0.5 - 2h Tren mdi trudng cua phan mem Arcview, ban dd cac khu vuc sa tan sdng than cap dp duoc xay dung theo cac bude sau: Budc J: vec ta hda cac sd lieu dja hinh tu sd lieu md hinh sd cao (DEM) Budc 2- cdng cu phan tich khdng gian Spatial Analy.st dupe su dung de ve cac dudng ddng muc cao va cac mat dang dp cao cho khu virc nghien cuu Sau dd cac cdng cu Geoprocessing va Grid Analyst dupe su dung de cat cac dudng ddng muc va mat dang cao tren theo ban dd nen eua Nha Trang Bu&c : edng cu tao lap tra van dupe su dung xac dinh cac khu vue ed dia hinh cao hon 30 m va nam pham vi 10 km tinh tu trung tam khu vyc nghien cuu Tren hinh minh hpa ban dd cac khu vuc so tan sdng than cap dp dupe xay dung theo quy trinh md ta d tren Tren ban dd ed the thay cd ba khu vue thda man cac tieu ehi de muc IV.2, cd dia hinh cao (ddi, nui) xung quanh khu vuc nghien cuu cd the duoc su dung lam nai so tan an toan cho ngudi dan trudc sdng than tan cdng khoang tir 30 phiit den mdt tieng rudi ddng hd VI XAY Dl]*NG CAC KICH BAN SO TAN SONG THAN CHI TIET Dua tren eac ban dd so tan sdng than, ke hoach so tan dupe xay dung cho khu vuc nghien cuu dudi dang cac cac kich ban sa tan sdng than cu the Npi dung cua cac kich ban bao gdm viec xac dinh vi tri cac dia diem tni an va eac khu vue sa tan cd sdng than, md ta Id trinh sa tan va cac hudng dan cu the nham giiip cho ngudi dan den dupe noi sa tan kip thdi va an toan nhit Do han cha v§ mat thdi gian, nghien cuu chi minh hpa mdt kich ban sa tan diSn hinh, hudng din cho ngudi bd hanh va cac phuang tien ca gidi dgn nai sa tan la viing Niii San - VTnh Phudc (khu vuc ban dd so tan cip dp 2) thep cae Id trinh toi uu Kich ban cimg dupe coi nhu la mdt md hinh de cd the ap d\ing cho cac khu vuc dd thi khac cd kha nang bi sdng thin de dpa tren toan dai ven biin Viet nam Hudng dan v6 cac tinh huong khan cap Cap dg 1: Khi cd sdng thin xay ra, ngudi dan nhan dupe thdng bao di tan, hay tim nhirng dia didm hoac cac tda nha cao ting, ben virng (cd ban dd cac khu vuc sa tan cip dp 1) da dupe dat biSn bao va hudng dan de tni an Cdp 2: Khi nhan dupe thdng bao cd sdng thin sSp xay ra, ngudi dan nhanh chdng tim nhung vimg dit cao (doi, nui) quanh khu vuc minh dang d, thdi gian di tan cho phep tir 0.5 - h Nhirng nai dd da dupe thiet ke s5n ban dd sa tan, di theo cac bien hieu chi din dd den dupe khu vue an toan ' Idl nghi Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghe bidn lodn qudc ldn thii- V Hirdng dan ve id trinh sc tan Ld trinh so tan dupe hudng dan cho ngudi bd hanh va cac phuang tien ca gidi den noi so tan da dupe xac djnh ia Nui San - VTnh Phudc Tren Id trinh phai dupe cam hoac treo cac bien chi dan vdi npi dung de hicu ddi vdi ca ngudi dan dia phuang lan khach du lich Quang trudng thang la dia diem ndi tieng nen dupe chpn lam noi xuat phat de so tan dan Diem xudt phdt: Quang trudng thang 4, Tran Phii, Nha Trang Diem den: Nui San, VTnh Phudc, Nha Trang A Hu&ng ddn duang ldi xe den Ndi Sgn Tuyen du&ng duac gai y: Duang thdng Khoang each: 5.3 km Thdigian: 10 phut Hinh Sa 16 trinh sa tdn theo phuang dn ldi xe chon Duong thdng Xl;^ill^in Khi hrgng Thiiy vdn vd Ddng lire hgc Bicn Chi duong lai xe diln Nui San theo Du-6'ng thang Chieu dai (m) Di ve hirdng BJc len Tran Phu vc phia Lc Thanh Tdn 210m RC- triii thir len Le Thanh Tdn 600 m Tai chd dudnit vdng, di theo ldi thir len Quamt Trung 750 m Tai chd dudn.u vdng, di theo ldi thii len Dirdnir thang 1,9 km Tiep tuc len Cau Xdm Bdng 600 m 6, Re triii vc hudng Dudng vao sudi khoang ndng 450 m Ri; trai tai Dudng vao sudi khoang ndng 12m Re phai dau tii}n Ien Dudng Itin Nui San 600 m Re trai tai Duong Van Nga/Dudng len Niii San 220 m B Chi duang di bg den Nui Sgn Tuyen dir&ng dugc ggi y: Trdn Phu Khoang each: 4.9 km Thdi gian: gid phiit Chi dud'ng di bg dijn Nui San theo dudng Trin Phu Chieu diii (m) Di ve hudng Bic len Tran Phu ve phia Lc Thanh Tdn 2300 Ticp tuc len Ciiu Tran Phu B 650 Re trai len Thap Ba 500 Re phai len Dudng thang 160 Re trai ve hudng Dudng vao sudt khoang ndng 450 Ri; trai len Dudng vao sudi khoang ndng 12 Re phai len Dudng len Nui San 600 Re trai len Duong Van Nga/Dudng len Nui San 220 iigi ngni is noci ngc va coog nghe tnen toan quoc i ãiA 12BBCô l^V Hinh Sa dd 16 Irinh sa tdn theo phuang dn di bg chgn duang Trdn Phu VII KET LUAN Trong bai hao nay, ke hoach so tan sdng than dugc xay d\mg va ap dung thd nghiem cho mgt khu vuc dd thi ven bien cua phd Nha Trang Cdng nghe GIS va ky thuat phan tieh da tieu chuan duge sii dung de xac dinh cac khu vuc so tan va cac dja diem tni an cd sdng thin Cac kit qua dugc frinh bay du
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