Tuydn tap Cdng trinh Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Co''''hpc Thiiy khi Todn quoc, Phan Thiet, 2008 125 Ty dong dieu chinh toe do dong co tinh tai chay b^ng biogas Biii Van Ga, Nguyen Vict Hai, Le Minh Ticn Dai hoc D[.]
Tuydn tap Cdng trinh Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Co'hpc Thiiy Todn quoc, Phan Thiet, 2008 125 Ty dong dieu chinh toe dong co tinh tai chay b^ng biogas Biii Van Ga, Nguyen Vict Hai, Le Minh Ticn Dai hoc Dd Ndng Tom tdt: Ddng ca dual fuel biogas/diesel dugc chuyen doi tir dong ca diesel Kubota nguyen thiiy Cdng suat dgng co chu yeu qud trinh chdy ciia biogas tao Mot lirgng nhien lieu diesel nhd han 5% Iwgng phun dinh mirc dugc phun vdo budng chdy de Idm nggn lira mdi Bdi bdo phdn tich nhieu gidi phdp dicu tdc khdc di lira chgn gidi phdp phii hop cho ddng ca dual fuel hiogas/diesel keo mdv phdt dien Ket qud cho thay sir dung dien dp mdy phdt lam tin hieu dicu khien Id glai phdp dan gian nhdt nhien gidi phdp rdt kho tri dugc sir dn dinh tdc ciia dgng ca tdi cdn ben ngodi thay ddi Idn Sir dung bg dicu tdc kleu ca vdi van tiet luu kieu bud'in la gidi phdp tdt nhdt de dn dinh tdc dgng ca Vdi bd dieu tdc chung la cd the day tri dugc sir dn dinh cua dien dp d mirc dao dgng dudi 5% dien dp dinh mirc thdi gian qud khdng qud 2s Regulator solution for Biogas Stationary Engine Abstract: A dual-fiiel biogas/diesel engine has been transformed from original Kubota Diesel engine Main power of the engine Is supplied by biogas combu.stion A little quantity of diesel less than 5% of normal injection is supplied for Ignition In the present paper we analyze many different solutions for speed regulator to Identify the best one which is suitable for biogas/diesel dual fuel engine using for electricity production purpose The results show that using generator tension as control signal Is the simplest solution but it is veiy difficult to maintain the stahllizatlon of engine speed with high change of external engine load Using mechanical regulator with butterfly valve is the best solution for stabilizing engine speed With this regulator, we can maintain the stabilization of generator tension fiuctuation under 5% of normal tension and transition time Is less than 2s Keyword: Biogas stationaiy Engine, Regulator Gioi thieu Van minh cua nhan loai cho den dua tren ngudn nang lugng hda thach Trir lugng ciia cac ngudn nang luong hda thach truydn thdng cd gidi han, Theo thdng ke ciia cac ca quan du bao nang lugng qudc te, trir lugng dSu md cdn khai thac dugc vdng 36 nam, thicn nhien cdn khoang 60 nam va than da cdn khai thac dugc 120 nam Loai tru cac ly chinh tri the gidi, gia dhu thd khdng ngiing gia tang theo tdc chdng mat nhung nam gan day mdt phan la mat can ddi giira cung va cau Viec su dung nang lugng hda thach nhung the ky qua da gay nhung van nan ddi vdi bau quyln Su gia tang chSt gay hieu ung nha kinh, chii yeu la CO2, lam qua dat am din len da dat nhan loai trude nhung thach thuc hk sue to Idn: muc nude bien dang cao, sa mac md rdng, thien tai ban ban hk thudng Su pha va can bang vdn cd ciia carbon tu nhien la nguyen nhan chinh ciia nhung tham hga ma loai ngudi phai ganh chiu tuang lai neu khdng cd nhung bien phap ngan chan kip thdi Tu ddng dieu chinh tdc ddng ca tinh tai chav bdng biogas 126 Su tdn tai ben vung cua loai ngudi tren hanh tinh phu thudc vao su ben vung cua nguon nang lugng Trong thang thdi gian cua Thai Duong He thi nang lugng phat tu mat trdi cd the xem la nang lugng vTnh cuu Viec nghien ciru san xuat va ung dung cac ngudn nang lugng tai sinh cd ngudn goc hr nang lugng mat trdi vi vay da khdng cdn la van de xa xi bdi loai ngudi khdng cdn lua chgn nao khac budc sang nira sau cua the ky 21 Nude ta cd ban 80% dan sd sdng d ndng thdn Cac chat thai ran hiru co tir cac qua trinh san xuat ndng nghiep, che bien luong thuc, thuc pham, chan nudi la ngudn nguyen lieu rat lot de san xuat biogas [1] Do qua trinh san xuat d ndng thdn phan Idn cdn mang tinh ca the va don le nen cac ham sinh cd the tich vira va nhd Vi vay, viec su dung biogas de chay dgng co cd nhd la phii hop vdi nguon nang lugng cd san va qui md san xuat d khu vuc ndng thdn nude ta hien [3] Mat khac, biogas la klii tai sinh, bao toan carbon, sir dung nd lam nhicn lieu ndng CO2 quyen khong gia tang, gdp phan cat giam chat gay hieu irng nha kinh Trong nhirng cong trinh cdng bd trude day chung toi da thir nghiem cung cap biogas cho dgng ca xang co nhd tinh tai [3] hay ddng ca lap tren xe gan may [2] Khac vdi dgng ca lap tren phuang ticn giao thdng, dgng ca tmh tai can giii che tdc dn dinh tai ben ngoai thay ddi bat-ky [4] Trong cdng trinh chiing toi nghien ciru he thdng cung cap nhien lieu va dicu toe ciia dgng co dual-fuel dugc cai tao tu dgng co diesel de keo may phat dien cd cdng suat 5kW He thdng dgng co-may phat su dung nghien ciru dugc bd tri nhu hinh I Dgng CO Kubota GX125-2XNB-GE cd ti sd nen 24, dudng kinh xi lanh 94mm, hanh trinh piston 90mm, cong suat cua dgng ca chay bang diesel la 8.5kW d tdc 2200 vdng/phiit K6t qua tinh toan nhiet cho thay nSu dgng CO chay hoan loan bang biogas thi cdng suat ciia nd dat 7,69kW d toe Hinh 1: Cum ddng ea Kiibota-mdy phdt dien 5kW 2000 vdng/phut Neu hieu suat duac sir dung nghien ciru truyen dgng ciia ca he thdng la 0,75 thi cdng suat dgng co chay bang biogas thda man yeu cSu keo may phat dien 5kW Dong ca lam vice d tdc dinh muc 2000 vdng/phut tdc dinh mirc cua may phat la 1500 vdng/phut do bg^buh CO dudng kinh 120mm va 160mm dugc chon lap l§n luat tren ddng ca va may phat dien de dam bao ti sd truyen dgng Tmh toan he th6ng cung cap nhien lieu biogas Dgng ca dual-fuel biogas/diesel cd dac diSm cung cSp nhien lieu nhu sau: - Biogas: la nhien lieu chinh quy^t dinh cdng suSt cua ddng ca Lun luong biogas augc cung cap vao dgng ca thay ddi theo chi tai Riii Vdn Ga, Nguyen Viet Hdi Le Minh Tien - 127 Diesel: la nhien lieu de ddt mdi (thay the bugi danh lua) dugc phun vao ben budng chay dgng co vdi lugng phun cd dinh Do dac diem nhu vay, lugng hda (gdm khdng va biogas) dugc chuan bi trude tren dudng nap trude cung cap vao budng chay ddng ca Lugng diesel phun vao khdng lam anh hudng den qua trinh cung cap nhien lieu biogas, Trong cdng trinh nghien ciru nay, chiing tdi khdng che lugng nhien lieu diesel phun lam mdi la 5% lugng nhien lieu diesel d che loan tai Do dd luu lugng nhien lieu diesel mdi la mD=0,I06kg/h Luu lugng biogas cung cap cho dgng ca de dam bao cdng suat dien 5kW la Vbioi!_. _ _ _ U K Fl :£— * } I.P.^C R^t P^ F : : > H\t > Kll ' - ^ U:!-"'' t Fi 013 i 014 Fl ,1J ri -•'j I2WH u ' • • - - - t -^ C3 10 ur Mpr -I fi' «taoc3 J I HI 100 T" 1«,M" V ,tc ~^r-5 n COK3 ^:^f-^ COM J4 ^^ -iNf^c ^'"^^ -o" O 2K ///rt/j 5,' Sa mach dien dieu khien van tiet liru Hinh gidi thieu sa dd mach dien dieu khien van tiet luu va hinh so dd logic boat dgng dieu khien van tiet luu cua mach « Thuat loan cua chuang trinh dicu khien: a Chuang trinh khdi tao cac bien chua cac gia tri mac dinh ban dau bao gdm: tdc dp lam viec, tdc tang toe, tdc vugt tdc, bg dem tdc ddng co b Khdi dgng cac bd dinh thdi, ngai thai gian va ngat ngoai, Mdi thao tac ngat, mach xir ly cac phan: + Ngat bg djnh thdi 0: • Dicu khien toe dgng co DC dieu chinh van tiet luu bang phuong phap thay ddi rdng xung • Thdi gian tdi da xung dugc xac dinh la 50ms + Ngatbd djnh thdi I: • Chu ky boat dgng: 50ms • Quel phim dieu khien: khdi dgng, dirng cap • Xac dinh tdc dgng co theo sd dem tdc do, sau reset lai so dem tdc • N I U phim khdi dgng dugc nhan thi: so sanh toe dgng ca vdi tdc yeu cSu d l xac dinh dgng ca can tang tdc hay giam tdc: - NIU tdc dgng ca cao hon tdc yeu cau ddng thdi tdc dgng CO khdng giam thi: Xac dinh tdc dd dilu chinh van tiet luu Tu ddng dieu chinh tdc ddng ca tinh tai chav hdng biogas Ra lenh ddng van tiet luu - NIU toe dgng co thap ban tdc yeu cau ddng thdi toe dgng ca khdng tang thi: Xac dinh toe dieu chinh van tiet luu Ra lenh ddng van tiet luu - NIU tdc dgng co rSt thap hoac qua cao thi lenh ddng van tiet luu vdi tdc tdi da + Ngat bg dinh thdi 2: Hiln thi cac thong tin can kiem tra len man hinh LCD: tdc yeu cau, toe thuc tl, tdc dicu chinh van tiet luu, thdi gian boat dgng, , , , + Ng^t ngoai 0: Tang gia tri so dim toe len I cam bien hdng ngoai xac qua lo thdng tren vdng due Id dugc gan tren banh da dgng ca G I N I T k h o I d 911 g c a c b i e ii K l i a i d o n i ; bo d i n h ihiii k h i c n loc d o m o - t o chinh vjn net luu Dicu K, h a d o n e b o d i n h t h a i dicu Nhijn phim dieu khien X a c d i n h t o e d p d o n g tia D i e u kh ien v a n tiet l u u X a c dinh toe dieu k h i e n K h a i d p n g bp dinh thoi Khoi dpng ngat ngoai Hien Dcm t h i c a c th o n g s o so \ ' n g q u a y d p n g co Hinh 6: Chirong trinh dieu khien Ket qua thi nghiem He thdng cung cap biogas gdm bg hda trgn va bg dilu toe tren day dugc lap tren dgng ca Kubuta thi nghiem Hinh gidi thieu anh chup he thing thi nghiem Khi biogas sau Igc H2S dugc cung cap cho dgng ca thdng qua van tilt luu ^k tao tai cho may phat, thi nghiem^ sir dung bdng den cd cdng suat moi bdng la 500W va hai may bam nude cd cdng suat mdi may la 1500W Do chung ta cd thi tao tai dinh mirc 5kW cung nhu su thay ddi tai d cac mirc 500W, lOOOW, 1500W, 2000W Bid Van Ga Nsuyen Viel Hdi, Le Minh Tien 131 Hinh 7: He thdng thi nghiem Hinh gidi thieu dien ap cua may phat d che khdng tai, Sau khdi dgng khoang 7s , dien ap may phat trd nen dn dinh quanh gia tri 220 volts Van tiet luu ciia bg dieu tdc gan nhu dung yen d vi tri dn dinh, Hinh gidi thieu bien thien dien ap ciia may phat dien thay ddi tai ben ngoai bang each bat hay tat cac bdng den Khi bat lan lugt cac bdng den 500W, dien ap tire thdi tut xudng khoang 10 volts (khoang 5% dien ap dinh mirc) Khoang 5s sau dd, mach dieu khien xoay van tiet luu ve phia tang tiet dicn luu thdng, lugng biogas di qua van nhieu hon, dicn ap trd lai vj tri dn djnh ban dau Khi tat lan lugt cac boang den de giam tai, dien ap lire thdi lang len khoang 10 volts va trd ve vi tri dn dinh sau khoang 5s, Hinh 8: Dd thi dn dinh dien dp a che khdng tdi mdy phdt Hinh 9: Do thi on dinh dien dp tdi mdy phdt thay ddi Khi cdng suat dien len den 4500kW, van tilt luu gan nhu md hoan loan, Neu bat them mdt bdng den 500W nira dien ap ciia may phat giam xuong cdn khoang 200volts, Do 132 Tu ddng dieu chinh tdc dd ddnp ca tinh tai chav hdns biogas he thong thi nghiem khdng cd bg Igc CO2 nen ham lugng CH4 giam dd cdng suat cue dai thuc te cua dgng co nhd ban cdng suat tinh loan Phan tich cho thay thai ciia dgng co dual-fuel hau nhu khdng chira bd hdng Day la uu diem ndi bat so vdi nd lam viec bang diesel Dgng co tieu thu khoang Im' biogas ung vdi IkWh dien Do dd de dgng ca cd the lam viec lien tue thdi gian dai, chiing ta can bo tri them tui chua biogas du trir Ve mat kinh te, dgng ca keo may phat dien 5kW tieu thu khoang 10 lit dau mdi ncu boat dgng 61-i/ngay Khi chuyen sang sir dung biogas vdi tui chira 30m , ngudi lieu dung cd the tiet kiem duac khoang trieu ddng/thang lien nhien lieu Ket luan Dgng ca dual-fuel sir dung biogas vdi lugng nhien lieu diesel mdi 5% cd the duac cai tao dan gian tir dgng co diesel nguyen thuy Dgng ca cd the lam vice vdi ap suat biogas rat thap, khoang 35mmH20 Bg dieu tdc kieu dien tu vdi chip AT89C52 boat dgng tin cay, dien dp giai doan chuyen tiep tang, giam khoang 5% so vdi dicn ap dinh mirc va thdi gian dn dinh khoang 5s Ddng CO dual-fuel tieu thu khoang Im'' biogas irng vdi IkWh dicn; thai cua nd h4u nhu khdng cd chua bd hdng Cam ta: Cdng trinh dugc thuc hien nlid mot phan tai trg cua Chuang trinh nghien cim ca ban cap Nha Nude Tai lieu tham khao [1] BUI VAN GA, NGO VAN LANH, NGO KIM PHUNG: "Tinh luyen biogas di chay ddng ca dot " Khoa hoc va Phat trien Da N'lng 4-2007 [2] BUI VAN GA, NGO VAN LANH, NGO KIM PHUNG, VENET CEDERIC: "Thd nghiem biogas tren dgng arxegim mdv" Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghc, Dai hoc Da NEng, so 1(18), pp 1-5,2007 [3] Bui Van Ga, Nhan Hong Quang, Truong Le Bich Tram: "Small Power Engine Fueled with Biogas" The 4th Seminar on Environment Science and Technology Issues Related to the Sustainable Development for Urban and Coastal Areas, pp 257-263 Japan-Vietnam Core University Program, Danang 27-28 September 2007 [4] Biii Van Ga, Truang Le Bich Tram, Tmang I loang Thien, Lc Minh Tiln : "He thdng cung cdp biogas cho ddng ca co nho " Tuyln tap Hoi Nghi Co hoc Thiiy loan quoc Hue, 2628/7/2007 ... cung cap nhien lieu biogas Dgng ca dual-fuel biogas/ diesel cd dac diSm cung cSp nhien lieu nhu sau: - Biogas: la nhien lieu chinh quy^t dinh cdng suSt cua ddng ca Lun luong biogas augc cung cap... dudng dng nap dgng co Luu lugng ciia ddng biogas dugc xac dinh theo bieu thirc tuong tu (1) Khdi lugng rieng ciia biogas la Pb=0,8808kg/m^ Tdc ciia ddng biogas qua van tiet luu dugc xac dinh theo... tai rhnv hdns biogas 128 (3) WB=J—(APh+Pe) PB Vdi Aph la chan khdng tai hgng va pe la ap suat ciia biogas pB=35mmH20 Tren ca sd cac sd lieu tren chiing ta tinh dugc dudng kinh Id cap biogas dB=10mm