Hgi nghi KIwa hpc vd Cong ngh^ bien toan quoc lan tin Tir DONG HOA CAC BlTOC PHAN XfCH KHONG GIAN TRONG PHAN YUNG NHIEM VUNG NlT^C VEN B HAI PHONG BANG GIS Nguygn Thi Thu Ha, Tran Dinh Lan Vieri Tai nguyen va Moi truong Bien 246 Da Ning, Hai Phong Email: hanttfgtimer.ac.vn Tom tat Viec nghien cuu Ictp trinh phdt trien chuc nang ma rgng cdc phan mSm cintyen ngdnh nhc'tm tgo cong cu ung dung theo cdc muc dich su dung khdc nliau la rat can Ihiel Phan mem Arcview 3.2 cd md nguon md cho phep nguai sit dung lap trinh them cdc chuc nang phan tich khong gian bang ngon ngu lap Irinh mo rang Avenue Bdo cdo nciy trinh bdy viec su dung dgc diem de tu ddng hoa cdc buac phan tich khong gian nham phan vimg d nhiem chat huu ca de phan hiiy tai vimg nuac bien ven ba Hai Phong, dua mot bice Iranh tong the ve hien trgng moi truang nuoc hien ven ba cua pho, phan dnh cdc nguy co tiem dn gay d nhiem moi truang fir cdc nguon thdi vd cdc hogt dong kinh te xd hoi Abstract AUTOMATION OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS STEPS IN POLLUTION ZONING OF HAI • PHONG COASTAL WATER AREA BY GIS The research on programming to develop the extended functions of the specialized software to create tools for different applications is essential The open source software ArcView 3.2 allows users to program additional spatial analysis functions using the Avenue language In this article, the programming on automatic spatial analysis is presented It lielps to develop zoning scheme for tfw easy degradable organic substances in Hai Phong coastal water, to provide a comprehensive picture of the city's coastal water environmental status, which reflects the potential risks of environmental pollution from the waste sources and the socio-economic activities \ MO DAU Hai Phong la co nen kinh te soi dgng, dien nhieu boat dgng t£ii vung ven bien nhu: cong nghiep, nuoi tr6ng thuy san, hang hai, ; dieu lam cho vimg nuoc ven ba Hai Phong, dac biet la nuac matco nguy ca bi nhilm Do vay, viec danh gia nguy ca Tieu ban Sinh thai, Moi trirdng va quan ly Bien nhiem va phan vung nhiem ciia moi truang nuoc ven bo Hai Phong la cong viec rit cin thiet Co so du lieu GIS voi kha nang luu trG, tim kiem, phan tich va hiln thi thong tin dia ly la mgt cong cu manh quan ly va giam sat sy phan b6, danh gia chat lugng nuac bien, du bao nguy co nhiem Phan mem Arcview 3.2 la mgt phan mSm thuong mai ciia Vien nghien cim cac he thong moi truang (ERIS), My, ap dung cong nghe he thdng thong tin dia ly (GIS) Tuy nhien viec su dung toi da kha nang cho phep co sin phin m^m Arcview 3.2 de phan tich kliong gian, chong lap ban phai ap dyng qua nhi§u buoc tinh toan va nhieu thao tac khac Dai viet trinh bay mgt chuang trinh dugc lap trinh ngon ngu Avenue cua phan mem Arcview GIS [1-8], nham xay dyng them mgt chuc nang moi phan tich khong gian, ty dgng hoa cac buoc tinh toan, chong lap ban c6 trgng so, dua ket qua hien thi duoi dang ban mgt each nhanh nhat va chinh xac nhit dg phan viing nhiem moi truong viing nuoc bien ven bo Hai Phong II PHl/ONG PHAP - Phuong phap xay dung cffso' dG lieu Ban dia hinh khu vuc nghien cuu, cac lop thong tin vh bo bidn, song, duong dugc so hoa va luu tru duoi dang so, sir dung cho viec phan tich khong gian Cac tram khao sat dugc nhap vao bang dG lieu su dyng phan mem Microsoft Access Cac diem khao sat hien thi duoi dang diem, tga dugc dua vao bang thugc tinh Arcview bang viec su dung chuc nang ket noi SQL Cac tram khao sat se dugc hien thi tren ban nen theo diing vi tri tga - Phuong phap ngi suy Phuang phap ngi suy trgng s6 nghjch (IDW): cho rang gia tri tai mgt vi tri khong lay mau la trung binh trgng so theo khoang each ciia cac gia tri tai cac vi tri lay mau Cac diem gan vi tri can ngi suy hon se co anh huong Ion ban tai gia tri ngi suy so voi cac diem xa hon Nhu vay, vi tri ngi suy cang gin vai dilm khao sat thi gia tri ngi suy cang gan voi gia tri dugc tai diem khao sat Gia su co i diem xung quanh diem can ngi suy, ve mgt duong tron co tam tai dikm ngi suy, ban kinh dmax cho tat ca cac diem xung quanh diem can ngi suy nim pham vi ciia duong tron, gia tri cua diem can dugc ngi suy dugc tinh theo cong thuc sau: Trong z,: la gia tri dugc tai cac diem quan trac W,: ty trgng dugc tinh theo cong thiic sau Wi = - di/dmas diem gan nhat co anh huong nho Wj = 1- (di/dniax)^ diem gin nhit co anh huong trung binh Wi = 1- (dj/dniax)^ di6m gan nhit c6 anh huong rit Ion Hoi nghj KIwa liQC vd Cong nghe bien todn quoc Idn t - Phuong phap chong lop du lieu c6 s6 Sau nhap cac lop tliong tin dau vao, phan tich khong gian thu dugc cac lop tliong tin chuyen dh duoi dang luoi; cac lop thong tin dugc tinh toan, sau chong lop co trgngj s6 ^ '^ Ch6ng lap ban d6 dh tao mgt ban moi ma tren gia tri dugc gan cho m6i dignfi hoac nhom diSm la mgt ham cua cac gia tri dgc lap lien quan den timg vi tri cua cac lop^ thong tin dugc chong Giasuco n lopco gia trj la PI, P2 Pn Chfing n lap co trgng so theo c6ng thGc sau: P= W1.P1+ W2.P2+ Trong W1+ W2+ Wn Pn Wn= - Phuong phap lap trinh ng6n ngu Avenue Avenue la ngon ngu lap trinh su dyng de phat trien ung dung phan mem Arcview 3.2 Trong Arcview co nhi6u doan code mlu ma co the su dung de truy c^p nhtrng chirc nang khong co gia tri qua giao dien binh thuong cua Arcview Ngon ngG Avenue lien quan chat die voi phin mim Arcview va ngudi su dung co the thao tac tren Arcview de thay doi each lam viec Arcview hay de thuc hien nhGng cong viec cu the nao do, tham chi co the phat trien ung dung theo giao dien hga Arcview Avenue la ngon ngG lap- trinh huong doi tugng; no cho phep chiing ta kliai thac ArcviewGIS thong qua he thong cac doi tugng dugc thiet ke san mgt each chi tiet (View, theme ) He thong cac doi tugng dugc to chirc kha ro rang va de hieu moi truang Arcview, cung cap day du cong cu de nguai diing co the de dang lam viec voi Avenue Co the tao dugc cac bieu tugng hga giao dien, thiet lap thugc tinh cua bieu tugng de dieu khien chiing; co the viet nhung doan code Avenue de thyc hien lenh tuong ung voi cac nut cua so giao dien Viet doan code Bien soan Chay va ket noi script Tao nut giao dien niu ban Sinh thdi, Moi truang vd quan ly Bien • Hinh 1: Sa cdc buac lap trinh phan mem Arcview 3.2 GelActiveDoc theVieu GetTb it (ChDCridLi C Count TioagSo ^ TCCP Hinh 2: Bien dich script phan mem Arcview 3.2 Hpi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe bien todn qu6c lan ibic So lieu phan bo ham lirgng chat So lieu phan bo ham lu-gng ch^t So lieu phan b6 ham lirgng chat So lieu phSn bo ham lugng chat n CSDL GIS Noi suy Ban phan bo ham lugng chat Ban phan bo ham lugng chat H€ so rui ro ' RQi He s6 rui ro Ban phan bo ham luong chat Ban phSn b6 ham Ivongchitn He so rui ro RQ ' RQ2 H€ so rui ro •RQH Chong lop CO so Ban mu'c rui ro nhiem Hinh 3: Sa cdc buac thuc hien md hinh t\c ddng hoa III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Co the ap dyng cac phuang phap tren cho nhieu thSng so^ khac tai mgt vung ngbien cuu Trong nghien ciru nay, da ap dung cho chat nhilm hihi co de phan buy li I Tiiii ban Sinh thai, Moi tncdng vd quan ly Bien BOD va COD cua viing nu6c bi^n ven b o Hai Phong voi s6 li6u khao sat mua kh6, ting m^t, nam 0 ^ 47 tram Vi s6 tram khao sat phan bo khong deu, nen da &ix dung duong bd biSn ^ gioi han bien cho viec ngi suy YM qua thu dugc la cac lop thong tin ve phan bo ham lugng BOD va DO vimg nuac bien ven b o k i u vyc Hai Phong mua kh6 nam 2009 Tu cdc lap thong tin nay, da tinh toan he so rui ro cua thfing s6 BOD, DO cua tung khu vyc theo cong thfic: RBOD= Ham lugng BOD/ TCCPBOD RcoD= H ^ lugng DO/ T C C P D O Trong d6: TCCP: tigu chuin cho phep BOD va DO CHOGIAI Mil RS't an todn 1 CD An todn Nguy CO •L •J Ngodi viing nghiSn a nhi§m Hinh 4: Ban phan viing muc d nhiem chat hihi co de phan hiiy vung bien ven bo Hdi Phong Hoi nghi Khoa hoc vd Cdng ngh? biin todn qudc Idn th Coi thong s6 BOD va COD la cac thong so chi thi cho miic d6 nhiSm chit huu co dl phan buy, sau tham khao chuyen gia ve vi?c cho diem muc bi§u thi nhiem cua cac chit biin co dl phan hGy, da tinh dugc trgng so cua cac thong BOD va DO tuong ung la 0.7 va 0.3 Sau do, da tiln hanh ch6ng lop co trgng s6 lop thdng tin he s6 rui ro ciia th6ng s6" BOD va DO, chia trung binh co ket qua cuoi cling va nhan dugc lap thong tin ve t^ng h^ s6 rui ciia su nhilm chit huu co cua timg khu vyc MGc nil ro dugc phSn cdp nhu thi hien ban d6 hinh Nhiing vung c6 h? so rui ro I: la nhGng viing da nhiem chit hihi co de phan hiiy Ket qua cho thSy, khu vyc nhiem va e6 muc nii ro cao nhat la cua song Cam, Dinh Vu, khu vuc gan D6 Son va khu vuc song Bach Dang Toan bg qua trinh tinh toan va chong lop c6 trgng so dugc ty dgng hoa thong qua lenh moi, dugc lap tririh giao dien cua Arcview 3.2 Sau co dugc lop thong tin da ngi suy cua BOD va DO, ta co dugc ket qua cuoi cimg Chi can an vao bieu tugng moi da dugc tao giao dien hoac vao menu va chgn lenh, may tinh se hien len ciia s6 dl dilri cac gia tri vl TCCP, trgng so ciia thong so timg lop thong tin May tinh se tu dgng tinh toan be so rui ro cua timg 16p thong tin, cgng chong lop co trgng s6, sau lay trung binh lop-thong tin ve tong he so rui cua sy nhilm chat hGu co cua timg khu vuc Can luu y la, nlu s6 lieu day du hon va so tram khao sat phan bo dong deu hon pham vi nghien cuu thi ket qua phan vung nhilm chSt hihi co de phSn hGy se chinh xac hon Viec lap trinh co the ket noi, mo rgng vol ngon ngu khac va phat trien cho cdc img dyng khac IV KET LUAN Cong cu ma rgng phan mem Arcview GIS nham tu dgng boa cdc budc phan tich khong gian truong hgp tinh toan va cgng chong lop vol cac lop thong tin da dugc lap trinh giiip nguoi sG dung giam di cdc buoc thyc hiSn theo cdch thu cong, N6u nhu thao tac thu cong phai trai qua nhieu buoc tinh toan, thi vcd c6ng cy ty dgng hoa d5 dugc lap trinh, chi can nhap thong so dau vao la cdc lop thfing tin co the ty dgng dua ket qua cuoi cimg Viec ap dyng qua trinh ty dgng noi tren cho chit nhilm hGu co de phdn hiiy la BOp va COD tai vung nuoc bien ven bo Hai Phong da chi viing co nil ro nhiem cao nhat la khu vyc cua song Cim, Dinh Vu, gin D6 Son, song Bach Ding Khu vuc nu6c cita song Van Uc va viing nuac bien cang xa ba chit nhiem hihi co dl phdn buy vin & nguong an toan Tieu ban Sinh thdi, Moi truang vd qudn ly Bien TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Amir H Hazavi "ArcView GIS/Avenue developer's guide " 'E^^." Using Avenue, customization and Application Development for ArcView GIS" ESRI "Arcview Spatial Analyst, advanced Spatial Analysis Using Raster and Vector Data" Guide of ITS Durham University "Programming in Arcview 3.x GIS using Avenue'" D6 Thu Huong, 2003 "Tiep can mo hinh GIS ddnh gia nguy co nhiim ddu nude vinh Hg Long " Shunji Murai, 1999 "Gis work book-foundamental Course and Technical Course, Japan Association of Surveyors Public " Le DGc Tri, Tran Van Phdp- "Lap trinh GIS can bdn " University of South Carolina "Avenue Part 11: Getting Results Training document" Ngu'd'i dgc nhan xet: TS Nguyen Minh Son ... thGc sau: P= W1.P1+ W2.P2+ Trong W1+ W2+ Wn Pn Wn= - Phuong phap lap trinh ng6n ngu Avenue Avenue la ngon ngu lap trinh su dyng de phat trien ung dung phan mem Arcview 3.2 Trong Arcview co nhi6u... TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Amir H Hazavi "ArcView GIS/ Avenue developer''s guide " ''E^^." Using Avenue, customization and Application Development for ArcView GIS" ESRI "Arcview Spatial Analyst, advanced... University "Programming in Arcview 3.x GIS using Avenue''" D6 Thu Huong, 2003 "Tiep can mo hinh GIS ddnh gia nguy co nhiim ddu nude vinh Hg Long " Shunji Murai, 1999 "Gis work book-foundamental Course