Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
MOT SO KET QUA NGHIEN ciru KIEM SOAT 6 NHliM HE THONG THUY LOI VUNG VEN DO THI ANH H C 6 N G TRIEU ThS TRINH THI LONG'''' Tdm tdt Cdc he thdng thuy lgi vung ven dd d thanh phd Hd Chi Minh ndi rieng va d[.]
ciru K I E M SOAT NHliM HE THONG THUY LOI VUNG VEN DO THI ANH H C N G TRIEU M O T SO KET QUA NGHIEN ThS TRINH THI LONG' Tdm tdt: Cdc he thdng thuy lgi vung ven dd d phd Hd Chi Minh ndi rieng va d cdc phd khdc ea nude ndi chung dang phdi ddi ddu vdi ngudn d nhidm ehua dugc xir ly cua thdnh phd Nhieu he thdng thiiy lgi da trd thiiy hai vi nudc khdng nhung khdng the dOng de todi tieu duge nOa, ma edn lam cho cay trdng vat nudi ehdt, anh hudng sue khde ngudi dan vOng bi dnh hudng thiiy tridu thi lai cdng nghiem trgng ban Vi vay, nghien cuu kiem sodt d nhidm dam bdo ehdt lugng nude tudi, sinh boat va dich vu ddi vdi cac he thdng thuy Igi vung ven dd dnh hudng tridu dang la vdn dd cdn giai quydt Bai viet tdm tdt mdt sd ket qua nghien cOu kiem sodt d nhidm he thdng thuy lgi vOng ven dd anh hudng tridu, eu thd Id cdng trinh thuy lgi bd hOu ven sdng Sdi Gdn - phd Hd Chi Minh Kdt qua nghien cOu la ea sd khoa hge giOp ede nha quydt dinh doa ede bien phdp quan ly chat lugng nudc tdi uu cho ede he thdng thuy lgi vOng ven dd dnh hodng tridu Gidi thieu Tinh trang d nhidm hien tai cua cde tuydn kenh rach vung ven dd dat yeu edu bOe xOe ve nghien eOu qudn ly d nhiem phO hgp, ed ea sd khoa hgc, van hanh tdi uu he thdng bi dnh hudng tridu vd bi tdc ddng cua nhidu ngudn d nhidm Day eung ehinh Id van dd ma cdc nhd quan ly, cde nha khoa hge mdi trudng, va ede nha khoa hgc thiiy lgi dang phdi duong ddu giai quydt VOng nghien cuu ndm dia ban phd Hd Chi Minh tu Nam Rach Tra de'n Bdc sdng Vam Thuat vdi dien tich khodng 3.560 Id mdt dai ddt hep, thap, ven sdng bao bgc bdi sdng va kenh rach ed xu thd dd'c nguge: phia sdng cao cang vdo sau cdng thap, cdng vdi sy bdi ldng cOa eac kenh rach lam cho sy tieu thodt nude kem hieu qua Hon nua, phia tay nam khu vye nghien euu bi d nhidm nang vi nudc thai tO thdnh phd thai vao ede kenh Tham Luang - Ben Cdt Vam Thuat MOe d nhidm d ede kenh thude vdo loai nang nhat thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Qud trinh dd thi hda didn nhanh, bat cap vd tdng ea sd khu vuc nghien euu thudng xuyen ngap Ong, nude tran vdo tO phia sdng, phia kenh vd d nhidm nang nudc thai thdnh phd tO kenh Tham Luang - Be'n Cdt - Vdm Thuat ehdy vdo nhdt la vd mOa mua va tridu cudng, han chd sy phdt tridn, dnh hudng ldn tdi mdi trudng vd ddi sdng cua ngudi dan Mae du dien tieh khdng ldn nhung chd thuy van va didu kien mdi trudng ciia vung Vien Khoa hoc Thiiy loi mien Nam 344 nghien cOu khd phue tap NhOng vdn de lien quan tdi ngudn nudc khu vye la ngap ung, lut, d nhilm, ehua vd man xam nhap, viec qudn ly he thdng dat bieu qua tdi uu nhung vdn bdo dam phdt trien ben vOng la van dd edn gidi quydt Co sd nghien ciru va cac cdng cu, thdng tin sir diing Cde edng eu md hinh va thdng tin sau se duge su dung qua trinh nghien eOu: DatabaselGIS: Co sd lieu phan tich mdi trudng, ehdt lugng nude, dac diem cdng trinh se duge xay dyng de quan ly va phan tich dO lieu mdi trudng thu thap tu vung dy an ddng thdi quan ly he thdng cdng trinh thuy lgi bdng GIS Md hinh thiiy life MIKE 11: dugc dOng de danh gia dieu kien thOy van, viec cdp nudc tdi uu kenh chinh, cdp va cdp 2, va khd nang van hdnh tdt nhdt lien quan ddn khdi lugng va chai lugng nude Md hinh MIKE 11: de ddnh gid xam nhap man he thdng Md hinh ehdt lugng mfde: dd ddnh gid vd dy doan sy phan bd va anh hudng cua eac chai len ehdt lugng nude, tidn trinh lam sach, qud trinh rua ede ehdl d nhiem tren mat rudng ddng va khd nang tdi, khuech tdn, phan hOy, pha loang eua ede phdn d nhidm nude kenh, kiem sodt tde ddng tO eac ngudn d nhidm cd ngudn va khdng cd ngudn, ngan ngOa suy thoai chai logng nudc Mdt sd ket qua nghien ciru Sd lieu didu tra phan tich eho thdy rdng vOng dy an bi d nhiem huu ea rat nang, ndng oxy sinh hda BOD > lOOmg/1 Vi vay, nghien euu ddu tien tap trung vao chat lugng nude va eu the la BOD Md hinh thuy lye MIKE 11 da duge thyc bien vdi ede phuang an kiem sodt 10 mOa mua, cap nudc mua khd va cde kich ban cOng vdi ede edng trinh Md hinh MIKE 11 AD su dung kdt qua cOa MIKE 11 HD ve thdi gian va khdng gian, ve luu lugng va mye nude, dien tich mat cdt ngang va cac thdng sd thuy lye de kiem tra didu kien bao toan khdi lugng eua eac chai hod tan hoae lo lung he thdng Ndng ehdt boa tan tai mot sd vi tri duge trinh bdy ede Hinh va eho thdy rdng he thdng dam bao duge dieu kien bdo todn khdi lugng eac ehdt hod tan/la lung Tdi lugng BOD tai ede bien duge tinh todn nhu sau: BOD = Dan sd x Lugng thdi BOD binh quan/ngudi Md hinh duge thyc hien vdi cde tien trinh suy thodi eua BOD va tai tao cua dxy Sy suy thoai cua BOD duge tinh theo edng thOe: Suy thodi = K,''"•' 0"-'" DO-/(K, + DO-) Trong dd: K, He sd suy thodi tai 20'G (1/day) He sd phu thugc nhiet T Nhiet K2 He sd tdi tao dxy {OJrn^) DO Oxy hod tan (mg/l) 345 Trong qua trinh hieu ehinh md hinh va tinh toan, he sd K, (He sd tdi tao - reaeration) dugc tinh toan theo cdng tbOe sau eho ket qua tinh todn tuang ddi phO hgp vdi kdt qua thyc do: K, = 2.6 * u'*h"^' Trong dd: Kj hdng sd tai tao dxy tai 20"C (g O /mVngay) u van tde ddng ehdy (m/s) b sau nude (m) Kdt qua tinh todn tai mdt sd vi tri dugc the hien tren Hinh SAL - MaiomumKQ AD 2002 0 ( B A S E F L O D N SAL - MinimumKQ_AO_2002_Z003(eASE_FLOOD&NO_STRUCTUR£_MAY_2003)TESTHD P 2cm im Tsm A 2(H) 2(E TSh 2« igsB 206 woooo ISO VS, •03000 VSL ISED ^02000 1.9>1 VS 1965 IW rosoooo 101000 100000 V& VS, ISBD < vs> 2CB0 ^~^N I;G80OOO //T i:o-OTOo- 7"—"^-"^^A 1M5&D00- V ^ Z014 issi ZOB 2QM 1 1 : 6MO00 682000 6M000 L99B ZOd L990 L99ri 1SB2 Lsaj LW L9Bd L966 1 \ > v Vm VS, L95d LSD L9B6 < VS ^ " ^ - ^ 6S6CO0 683000 • 690000 esiooo Hinh 2, Gia tri Ion nhat ciia chat hoa tan tren toan he thong B O p - MaMmL£mKQ_WQ_2002^2003(BASE_FLOOD&NO_STRUCTURE_MAY_2003) RES11 1209000 1208000 1207000 - 1206000 1205000 1204000 50.00 < 45.00 50.00 40.00 45.00 35.00 40.oe- 30.00 35.00 25.00 1203000 1202000 1201000 1200000 1199000 < 30.00 25.00 i 1197000 676000 / 1199COC0 Hinh (iia tri nho nhat ciia chat hoa tan tren toan he thong 1198000 • -"O^Nny^Pi ) ^^^-Sic^L-— 6-80GC0 1"^' 2CE2 2Ca; T^^cV W^^fn/w^—- M990K)0- 1 ^^^L^\ 11970OOO- eeoooo o \ \J^ ^^\ TOSOOOO- ircMHxjo- va, 1990000 678000 680000 682000 684000 686000 668000 690000 692000 [meter] Hinh (Jia trj BOD Idn nhat tren he thdng hien trang miia khd thang nam 2003 346 S T R U C T U R E MAY 0 ) T E S T H D F I:D90OOC- 1!09000 • Tu ket qua tinh todn eho thdy vung cdn quan tam den ehdt lugng nude la tu rach Ong Dyng de'n sdng Vdm Thuat, day la vung ed gid tri BOD5 > 25 mg/I Theo TCVN nudc dung cho sinh boat phdi cd ndng BOD5 < 25 mg/I va dung cho ndng nghiep phdi ed ndng BOD5 < 50mg/l TO cdc kdt qud md hinh va tinh todn eho tha'y thuy tridu len ndng BOD nudc nhd va nguge lai thuy trieu xudng ndng BOD nude tang len, ddng thdi ndng BOD giua md hinh ed eac qua trinh didn bien vd ehdt lugng nudc vd khdng ed eae qua trinh didn bie'n ve ehdt lugng nude sai khde khdng nhieu (xem Hinh va 5) TO dd ed the thdy rang cac qud trinh didn bien ve chai lugng nude pha loang ddng vai trd quan trgng he thdng Trong vOng dy dn vdn de duge quan tam nhdt bien la: d nhidm va ngap 10 Hien phd Hd Chi Minh dang ddu tu dy an nhdm ngan d nhiem tO sdng Vdm Thuat vd ehdng ngap 10 eho vOng dy an Do dd, nghien eOu ede kich ban vdi hai muc dich ehinh la gidm thieu d nhilm vd gidm tinh trang ngap 10 vung dy an da duge xay dyng 1"*^ Time Series (KQ_WQ_2002_2003(BASE_FLOOD&NO_$TRXTURE,MAY_2003).RES11) [meterl Concentrabon — SAtGON 16190 00 BOD Water Level - S A G O N 18190 00 00 00 00 12-5-2003 (A) 00 00 00 n-5-2003 00 00 00 14-5-2003 BOD 00 00 00 15-5-2003 (B) 00 00 00 16-5-2003 00 00 00 17-5-2003 00 00 00 18-5-2003 00 00 00 19-5-2003 Muc nudc Hinh (iia tri BOD va mirc nudc tai tram Sai Gdn miia khd thang nam 2003 l'"9"lTime Series Concentration {KQ_WQ_2002_2003(BASE_FLOOD&NO_STRUCTURE_MAY_2003).RES11) 2100 Concentration _ VAMTHUAT 00 BOD _ VAMTHUAT 00 BOD 00 00 00 12-6-2003 00 00 00 13-5-2003 00 00 00 14-5-2003 00 00 00 15-5-2003 00 00 00 16-5-2003 00 00 00 17-5-2003 00 00 00 18-5-2003 00 00 00 19-5-2003 Hinh (iia tri BOD ciia md hinh khdng cd va cd cac qua trinh didn bien ve chat lugng nudc tai tram cau Trudng Dai tren sdng Vam Thuat hien trang miia khd thang nam 2003 (B)_ (A)- BOD khdng cd cde qud trinh didn bidn vd ehdt lugng nude BOD cd cde qua trinh dien bidn ve chat lugng nude Kich bdn cd cdc cong trinh ngdn d nhiem dgc song Vdm Thuat: Cac cdng rinh dugc bd tri chay mdt ehidu tO vOng dy an sdng Vam Thuat de ngan d nhiem lan vao ving dy an tO sdng Vam Thuat Ngoai ra, cdn cd tai ca edng trinh didu khien 347 (control structure) tai Rach Sau, Ba Thdn - Tdm Du, Rach Mop, rach Dat Set, rach Cau Dd va mdt edng - cdng Dd Han (culvert) ddu eac kenh/raeh ndi vdi sdng Vam Thuat Ket qua md phdng the bien tren eae Hinh Kdt qua md phdng va tinh todn cho thay ndng BOD tren ede kenh rach vung dy an sau ed eae cdng trinh ngan d nhiem dgc theo sdng Vam Thuat da gidm di rat nhieu so vdi ehua cd cdng trinh ngan d nhidm Hau bet cdc kenh rach vOng dy an ed ndng BOD < 50 mg/l, ehi tru mdt sd vi tri sdt vdi eae edng ngan d nhidm ed ndng BOD>50 mg/l Tuy nhien kdt qua so sdnh eOng cho thay ndng BOD tren cac sdng chinh (Vam Thuat, Sai Gdn) lai tang len so vdi ehua cd edng trinh I"*'' BOD - MaximumKQ_WQ_2002_2003(SCENARIOR^FLOOD&STRLX:TURE MAY 2003) RES11 Ndng BOD5 vung nghien eOru sau cd cdng trinh ngan d nhidm da giam xudng rdt nhieu Phdn ldn cde kenh rach ed ndng BOD5 < 50mg/l, thoa man didu kien sir dyng nude eho sdn xudt ndng nghiep Chi ed mdt phdn nhd eac kenh rach sat vdi sdng Vam Thuat ed ndng BOD5 > 50mg/l 12090OO 1208000 -^ 1207000 -1 1206000 ^ 1205000 - 1Z04000 H 1203OOC 1202000 1201000 ^ 1200000 1199000 1193000 1197000 676Q0OO 678000 660000 682000 684000 Hinh Gia trj BOD ldn nhat kich ban cd cdng trinh ngan d nhidm mua khd thang nam 2003 So sdnh vdi phuong an hien trang: Nong BOD lai rach Sai Gon(Chainage 18190) hien trang va kich ban 00 00 00 00 0000 0000 00:00 00 00 00:00 2003-05-01 05-06 05-11 05-16 05-21 05-26 05-31 (A) Kic b ban (B) Hien trang Hinh Ndng BOD, khdng cd va sau cd cdng trinh ngan d nhiem tai sdng Sai (idn (Chainage 18190) 348 N o n g B O D lai rach Da Han (Chainage 9 ) khong co va co cong t 1M: ! «o|| i I hillhllii :! 140 ' I I I •i t 130' 120: ,:(A) 110 • 100 i -] n p r- go so 70: 60 (C) 50 (D) 00 00 05-06 00 00 2003-05-01 00 00 05-16 00 00 05-11 00 00 05-21 00 00 05-26 L 00 00 05-31 Hinh Ndng BODj khdng cd va sau cd cdng trinh ngan d nhidm tai rach Da Han (Chainage 4992 - Thugng luu nga ba Vam Thuat, Da Han) Cd cdng trinh Gidi ban dOng eho san xudt ndng nghiep B C A D Khdng ed edng trinh Gidi ban dOng eho sinh boat Kich bdn - Gidm lugng nhiem td cdc ngudn nudc thdi vd khong cd cdc cong trinh ngdn d nhiem dgc theo sdng Vdm Thuat Thanh phd ed kd hoach xay dyng he thdng thu gom nude thai ve cdc tram xu ly tap trung, xir ly nudc thai dat mdt mOc nhdt dinh trodc thdi he thdng kenh rach Do dd md hinh dugc xay dyng vdi gid thidt cde ngudn nude thdi duge tap trung vd vi tri: tai ddu sdng Vam Thuat va tai nga ba sdng Vam Thuat - Sdi Gdn Ndng BOD nudc trudc thai he thdng sdng rach Id 30 mg/l Kdt qua tinh todn the hien d Hinh Hinh Ndng BOD Idn nhat tren cac kenh rach I" BOO- Ma»imijmKQ_WQ_2002_2003(REDUCE_LOAD_NO_STRUCTURE) RES11 1209000 : 50.00 1206010 : 45.00 50.00 40.00 45.00 35.00 40.00 30.00 35.00 25.00 30.00 20.00 25.00 15.00 20.00 1202000 0: 10.00 15.00; 12O10OOO: 5.00 12000000: 0.00 1207000 0-; 1206000 : < 1205000 0-; 12OW0O0: mxxa- < iinmo iinono 10.00 5.00 0.00 TO cde kdt qua tinh todn eho thdy sau gidm lugng thai BOD tu cdc ngudn gay d nhiem xudng edn 30 mg/l, thi ndng BOD tren cde kenh rach vOng dy dn nhd ban 50 mg/l, dap Ong tieu chudn su dung cho sdn xudt ndng nghiep titnwo B78000 680000 682000 664000 666000 688000 690000 L So sanh vdi kich bdn ed edng trinh ngan d nhiem thdng nam 2003, eho thay rdng ndng ^0 BOD trudng hgp gidm lugng BOD nude thai tai eac vi tri tren sdng ehinh (Vam Thuat, Sdi Gdn) nhd ban nhidu so vdi trudng hgp ed cdng trinh ngan d nhiem 349 Tai cde kenh rach thude vung dy an thude vao vi tri ma ndng BOD trudng hgp gidm lugng BOD nudc thai, ed the ldn ban hoae nhd han trudng hgp ed edng trinh ngan d nhiem Tuy nhien bdu hdt tai eae vi tri ndng BOD ddu nhd ban 50 mg/l Ket luan va kien nghj Ket ludn Ddi vdi ede he thdng thuy lgi vOng dnh hodng tridu, eac qua trinh didn bien vd chat lugng nude, pha loang ddng vai trd quan trgng he thdng ehu khdng phai cac qua trinh sinh boa khdc Ddu tu vao xay dyng he thdng thu gom va xir ly nude thai, dam bao nude thdi d sdng Vam Thuat cd BOD la 30mg/l se mang lai hieu qua cao nhdt vd chat lugng nudc eho he thdng thuy lgi eua vOng nghien cOu va ed eho eac sdng chinh (Vam Thuat vd Sai Gdn) Va day eOng ehinh la kim ehi nam qudn ly, bdo ve mdi trudng va phdt trien bdn vO'ng Kien nghi Lfng dung Arcview - GIS MIKE 11 HD, MIKE 11 AD va MIKE 11 WQ vao viec nghien euu quan ly d nhiem tren eac he thdng thuy lgi vOng ven dd dnh hudng tridu dat kdt qua tdt va ddng tin cay Summary The irrigation systems in Ho Chi Minh City in particular and in other Cities in the whole our country in general are facing untreated pollution sources from the Cities Many irrigation systems have become harmful because their water not only cannot be used for irrigation, but also makes plants, animals dead and impact on people s health Problem is more serious in the dial effecting areas Study on pollution control for tidal effecting irrigation systems in peri-urban areas, ensuring water quality for irrigation, domestic use and services is an issue needs to be solved The paper summaries some results of study on pollution control for tidal effecting irrigation systems Concretely, Irrigation System On The Right Riverside of The Saigon River - Ho Chi Minh City The researched resuhs are the scientific basics, assisting the decision makers to promote optimal measures of water quality management for tidal effecting irrigation systems in peri-urban areas 350 ... HD, MIKE 11 AD va MIKE 11 WQ vao viec nghien euu quan ly d nhiem tren eac he thdng thuy lgi vOng ven dd dnh hudng tridu dat kdt qua tdt va ddng tin cay Summary The irrigation systems in Ho Chi