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NGHIEN ciiu TRAO o6i NUlNNMNTJrBDCDllJilVEMllTllliiNB VJiPIUTTIlfNifNViNI! 1 Dat van de Trong su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude, de phat trien kinh te va dap img nhu cau sinh hoat cua n[.]
NGHIEN ciiu - TRAO o6i NUlNNMNTJrBDCDllJilVEMllTllliiNB VJiPIUTTIlfNifNViNI! • PGS.TS Mai Trong Thong Vien Dia Ly, Vien Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam Dat van de Trong su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude, de phat trien kinh te va dap img nhu cau sinh hoat cua ngudi dan, phat trien dien nang - dd cd thuy dien ngudn nang lugng sach tai tao la chu chuang chien lugc dung dan va rat can thiet ^ Vdi dac diem dia ly tu nhien cd nhieu ddi, niii, sdng, hd, lugng mua hang nam d cac viing khac kha phong phii nen viec phat trien cac nha may thuy dien d nude ta rat thuan lgi Trong nhieu nam qua, ben canh hang loat cac cdng trinh thiiy dien (CTTD) CO cdng suat ldn nhu San La (2.400MW), Hda Binh (1.940MW), Yaly (I.IOOMW), Ban Ve (320MW), Tuyen Quang (342MW), Dai Minh (300MW) , tren khap dat nude, hang tram cac CTTD vira va nhd da va dang Sd 6/2010 tiep tuc dugc xay dimg vdi tdng cdng suat hon 8.000MW, se cung cap cho ludi dien qudc gia hang nam them 32 ty KWh Theo ke hoach, den nam 2015, Viet Nam cd the khai thac hon 85% tiem nang thiiy dien vdi tdng cdng suat dat khoang 16.000MW, dap ling ca ban nhu cau dien nang cho san xuat, dich vu va ddi sdng cua nhan dan Khi xay dimg cac CTTD, nhat la cac cdng trinh ldn va vira, se hinh cac hd chira Ngoai nhiem vu phat dien, cac hd chira se cd nhirng tac dung rat ldn den viec cai thien mdi trudng nhu: dieu hda ddng chay giiia miia lii va mua can, giiia nam nhieu nude va nam it nude, dieu hda hau va tang lugng am khu vuc, tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho cac he sinh thai phat trien Ben canh dd, cac hd chira cdn gdp phan quan trgng viec chdng lu, tudi tieu ndng nghiep, day man vimg du, cung cap nude cho san xuat va sinh hoat cua nhan dan Tuy nhien, su hinh cac hd Theng tin KH-CN Ngh$ An [211 NGHIEN CIJU - TRAO o l chira ciing gay nhirng tac ddng tieu cue din mdi trudng va hoat ddng kinh te - xa hdi nhu: gay b6i lang d viing thugng du, thay ddi che thuy van cac ddng sdng sudi, lam mat di mdt so dien tich rimg va tao kha nang thuan lgi han cho viec xam nhap va khai thac rimg trai phep, he thuy sinh bi thay ddi moi trudng sdng lam anh hudng den qua trinh di chuyen va sinh san, dac biet la cac loai ca Ve mat xa hdi, su hinh hd chira da tao nen van de di dan, tai dinh cu lam thay doi moi trudng sdng, phong tuc tap quan san xuat va ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan, nhat la dong bao cac dan tdc thieu sd Nhu vay, viec phat trien xay dung he thdng thuy dien vdi quy md ldn tren ca nude la mot chu truang diing dan va phu hgp nham dap img nhu cau dien nang cang tang cua qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, cua su nghiep phat trien kinh te - xa hgi cua ca nude va cua timg vung, timg tinh Tuy nhien, sir phat trien d at, thieu quy -hoach, thieu nhirng tinh toan ky cang ve cai dugc, cai mat ve phuang dien mdi trudng, kinh te - xa hgi thi hau qua xau se khdn ludng, dan den su suy thoai nghiem trgng moi trudng tu nhien, mdi trudng sdng cua ngudi Bai toan ve quy hoach phat trien he thdng cac CTTD can dugc nhin nhan tir gdc bao ve mdi trudng vdi nhiing muc tieu chien lugc va nhiing tieu chi bao ve mdi trudng cu the, phii hgp khdng nhirng cho ca he thong luu vuc song ma cho timg nhanh sdng, timg nha may thuy dien dugc xem xet xay dung Gioi thieu ve quy hoach va hien trang xay dung he thong thuy dien a Nghe An 2.1 Quy hoach hi thing thdy diin tinh Nghi An din ndm 2015 Nghe An la mot tinh cd dien tich tu nhien ldn vdi tren 3/4 la doi nui, dja hinh cd ddc cao, he thdng sdng ngdi kha day, lugng mua trung binh dao dgng tir 1.400 - 2.000mm Tdng chieu dai sdng sudi tren dia ban tinh la 9.828km, mat tmng binh la 0,6 - 0,8 km/km^ Vdi dieu kien dia ly thuan lgi, Nghe An cd tiem nang ldn de phat triln thiiy dien, dac biet tren he thong luu vuc sdng Ca, cd thi Sd 6/2010 cung cap dien nang cho su phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi va ddi sdng sinh hoat ciia ngudi dan Theo du bao, nhu c^u sir dung dien cua tinh Nghe An din nani 2010 khoang 1,62 ty KWh, tuong duong 365MW (De dn quy hoach thiiy dien Nghe An den ndm 2010, UBND tinh Nghe An, 2006); din nam 2015, kha nang san xuat dien dat khoang 2,9 - 3,1 ty KWh, tuang duong 3.250MW, dd thuy dien dat 800 - 850MW va cum nhiet dien Quynh Luu dat 2400MW (Dit thao bdo cdo chinh tri Ddng Bo tinh Nghe An khda 16,2010) Tir tinh toan nhu cau sir dung dien giai doan 20062015, tinh Nghe An da chii trgng dau tu xay dung quy hoach he thdng thiiy dien cua tinh tir sau nam 2000 Tren thuc te, cdng tac quy hoach thuy dien dugc thuc hien de an Dd la: - Du an Quy hoach thuy dien nho todn quoc ciia Bp Cong nghiep (nay la Bd Cdng thuang): Quyet dinh sd 3454/QD-BCN 18/10/2005 phe duyet 18 CTTD nhd tren cac ddng sdng nhd cua tinh Nghe An, dd cd cdng trinh ldn han 5MW va cdng trinh nhd hon 5MW Sau dd, Bd Cdng thuang phe duyet bd sung them cdng trinh vao nam 2008 va dieu chinh quy mo, ten ggi cdng trinh, bd sung cdng trinh vao nam 2009, nang tdng sd CTTD nhd dugc phe duyet len 22 cdng trinh vdi tdng cdng suat 174,4MW - De an Phdt trien thiiy dien tinh Nghe An den ndm 2010 dugc UBND tinh phe duyet theo Quyet dinh sd 128/2006/QD-UBND 7/12/2006, da xac dinh 10 CTTD vira va nhd va mdt sd cdng trinh rat nhd vdi tdng cdng suat 837MW dugc xay dung den nam 2010, cd cdng trinh thily lgi - thuy dien Ban Mdng de lai dau tu sau nam 2010 - De an Quy hoach thiiy dien vica vd nho tinh Nghe An Vien Nang lugng thudc Tap doan dien lire Viet Nam thuc hien va da dugc Bd Cdng thuang tham dinh thang 10/2007 Theo de an nay, cd 18 CTTD nhd dugc lira chgn dgt de xay dung den nam 2015 vdi tdng cdng suat 73,4MW Trong sd 18 CTTD nay, khdng tinh den cac CTTD da dugc phe duyet Quy hoach thuy dien nho tren todn quoc ciia Bp Cong thuang vd de dn Phdt trien thiiy dien Nghe An den ndm 2(?76'ciia UBND tinh Nghe An Tdng hgp tir du an quy hoach tren cho thay birc tranh tdng the ve quy hoach he thdng thuy dien tinh Nghe An den nam 2015 nhu sau: Tdng sd CTTD vira va nhd du kien dugc xay dung la 45 cdng trinh vdi tdng cdng suat 898,3MW N I U chi tinh cac CTTD da chinh thirc dugc Bd Cdng thuong va UBND tinh phe duyet thi cd 27 cdng trinh vdi tdng cdng suit la 824,9MW (xem bang) Th6ng tin KH-CN Ngh$ An [221 NGHIEN CVU - TRAO DOI Bang: Cac cong trinh thiiy dien vu-a va nho du-ffc phe duyet theo cac Quy hoach thiiy dien tinh Nghe An TT Ten nha may Ban Ve KheB6 HuaNa Nhan Hac My Ly Thac Muoi Ban Monq Chi Khe Yen Thing 10 Nam Mo 11 Ban Coc 12 13 14 Suoi Choang Chau Thon Cong suat 320 MW 100 MW 180 MW 45 MW 250 MW 20 • 919,6 0,57 18 MW 4MW 10,5 MW Sao Va 4,5 MW Xoong 15 MW Con Hanh Dich 6,3 MW Chau Thang 8,8 MW Tien Phong 4MW 21 Ban Khoi 22 Nam Pong 23 Khe Lim 24 Khe Cam 25 KheBu 26 KheNa 27 Luu Kien 6MW 30 MW MW MW 0,8 MW MW MW T6ng cong suit Idp may Song, sudi 0,94 Huyen Nhanh Nam No-n, song Ca Tu-ang Duang, Ky San song Ca Tucng Du'ang song Chu Que Phong suoi Nam Quang, song Hieu Que Phong song Ca Ky San s6ng Giang (s6ng Ca) sdng Hieu song Ca 2,96 18 MW Sop Kpp 19 5.345 11 MW 16 1.800 956,86 33,96 15 18 4.842 50 MW 40 MW 41 MW 3MW Nam Can 5MW 17 Thong s6 nha may Dien tich ho Dung tich ho chira (Tr.m') chira (l