KHOA HOC CONG NGHE [VGHIEI\I CIJU THUC TRAI\IG CUA TAC OOi^G BIEI\I DOI KHi HAU, XU HUQIVG THIEIM TAI, mHUIMEi lil[\JH IVIGHIEIVI B A O V E VUI\iG VEIM BIEIM, DU LICH VA B A O TOIM T H I E I \ I I \ I[.]
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE [VGHIEI\I CIJU THUC TRAI\IG CUA TAC OOi^G BIEI\I DOI KHi H A U , X U HUQIVG THIEIM TAI, mHUIMEi lil[\JH IVIGHIEIVI B A O V E VUI\iG VEIM BIEIM, DU LICH V A B A O T O I M T H I E I \ I I \ I H I E I \ I C U A Til\IH KIEI\i GIAIMG TTili TTilnh Lugm' T6MTAT Toan tinh Kien Giang khong tinh ca huyen dao va eac xa dao co dien tich la 570,373,9 ha, Trong dien tich vimg U Minh Thuong la 181,155 ha, vung Tay song Hau 150,688 ha, viing Tii giac Long Xuyen co dien lieh 238.550,9 Theo kit qua tinh toan thiiy van neu nunc bien dang cao lm thi tinh Kien Giang phan dat lien chi lai 37 161,8 nho len khoi mat nuac bien, chiem 6,51% dien tich dat lien, Nhung bien ddi hau 10 nam gan day cho thay di^n bien hau thay doi theo chilu huong bat loi cho ngu'oi va co hien tuong tu nhien bat thuong, nhu nhiet cang co xu huong gia tang, khac nghiet hon nhung nam truac day, lucmg mua cung thay ddi bat thuang nhung nam gin day, Nhung bien doi ve thiiy van nhung nam gan day tai Tram Thuy van Rach Gia muc nuae dien bien theo ehieu huong gia tang thai diem cue dai tii nam 2003 den 2007, Trong thoi gian nam muc nuac dang cao tii 20 cm30 cm, mue nuoe thiiy van thap nhat tang cm - cm Diln bien cho thay nguy ea nuac bien cang dang cao Bai bao cung da tong hpp cac kinh nghiem va de xuat cac giai phap doi voi biin ddi hau va nuoc bien dang cho tinh Kien Giang noi rieng va cho vung dong bing song Cii'u Long noi chung Tir khoa: Bien doi hau, bao tSn thien nhien, Kien Giang LDATVANDE Toln tinh Kien Giang khong tinh c l huyen dao va d c xa dio cd dien tich la 570.373,9 ha, Trong dien tich vung U Minh Thugng la 181.155 ha, vung Tay song Hau 150.688 ha; vung Tu gilc Long Xuyen cd dien tich 238.550,9 Nlu xlc dinh -vung cd cao tren lm thi toan tinh chi lai 32.699,5 vl cao hon 1,5 m la 4.462,3 Nhu vay neu nuoe biin cao hon m so voi dia hinh thi tinh Kien Giang phln dlt lien chi cdn lai 37.161,8 nho len khdi mat nuoc bien, chiem 6,51% dien tich dlt liln Nhung biin ddi hau 10 nam gan day cho thIy dien biin hau thay ddi theo chieu hudng bit lgi cho ngudi va co hien tugng tu nhien bit thudng, nhu nhiet cang cd xu huong gia tang, khIc nghiet hon; lugng mua cung thay ddi bat thudng nhiing nam gin day Nhung biin ddi vl thuy van nhirng nam gin day tai Tram Thuy van Rach Gil cho thay muc nuoe diln biin theo chilu hudng gia tang ti'ong thoi dilm cue dai fir nam 1998 din 2007; thdi gian 10 nam muc nuoc dang cao tu 20 cm-30 cm, muc Sa Tai nguyen va Moi truong tinh Kien Giang 14 nuoc thiiy van thIp nhlt gilm durn -1 cm Dien biln cho thIy nguy co nuoc biln d n g dang cao, Nlu mue nuoc bien dang cao 0,5 m thi toan tinh Kien Giang chi lai 100,588,3 chiem 17,63% dien tich ddng bing toln tinh, Neu nude biln dang m thi toln tinh chi cdn 37.161,8 chiim 6,51% dien tich dat lien toan tinh Tit c l d c giai phap d n dugc dat va d n phii duoc thue hien khan truong d l ddi voi nhung diln bien ciia tu nhien phuc vu yeu clu ciia doi sdng va phlt trien kinh te dilu kien mdi Tinh hinh biln ddi hau va nuoc biln dang chic chin se Inh hudng khong nhd d i n sir phlt triln kinh t l - xa hoi ciia tinh, II PHUOniG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Nghien cun tdng hgp va thu thap sd lieu, tai lieu lien quan vl diln biln hau va thiiy van da dugc quan trie; tdng hgp kit qui theo he thdng cac nam lien tuc Nghien ciin vl hau, dua vao sd lieu quan trie ciia Tram Khi tuong Thiiy van Rach Gia voi sd lieu hau ve nhiet do, luong mua nham muc dich xem xet diln biln vl nhiet nong len hoac giam xudng theo diln biln vl then gian va dien biln vl luong mua 10 nam txa lai day NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Nghien cun vl thtiy van, dua vao sd heu dac tai Pram Thuy van Rach Gia dat muc nuoc ngap binh quan theo thang va tdng hgp binh quan theo nam, cung nhu so sanh sd lieu muc nuoc biln binh quan cue dai cua thang co thiiy ti-ilu cao nhlt va muc nuoc biln ciia thang co thiiy trieu kiet nhlt d l so sanh diln biln cua muc nuoc biln dang, Nghien cun vl dia hmh, su dung sd lieu dia hinh ciia tinh Kien Giang, phan chia cac loai dia hinh khac tren co sd dd xac dinh ngap sau va dien tich bi ngap nlu muc nude bien gia tang tir 0,5 m va m III KET QUA NGHIEN CUU Kit qua nghifen cuu v l diln biln hau a Dien bien nhiet Diln biln vl nhiet dugc trinh bay qua sd lieu thu thap tai Tram Khi tugng Thuy van Rach Gia voi sd lieu theo doi binh quan 10 nam fhl hien d bing l,bieu dd v l A Bilu Diln biln nhi6t 10 nam da qua tai Tram Khi tugng TTiiiy van Rach Gil (°C) TT Nam 10 I II 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 BQ Ddi chiing* Nhiet BQ nam CC) 33,2 32,6 32,9 33,2 33,3 32,9 33.4 32,0 32,6 32,7 32,88 30,4 Nhiet BQ cao nhat ("C) 36 35 34,9 35,7 36,2 36 37 35,5 34,5 34,8 35,56 31,1 Nhiet binh quan thap nhat C'C) 18,6 22,4 23,6 20,2 20,6 19,8 20,5 20,5 19,5 19,1 20,68 24,4 * Boi chimg: So lieu binh quan quan trdc duac tir nam 1975 den thdng 12 nam 1981 cua Ddi Khi tuang Thuy vdn cua Nguyhi Htm Bao, dac diem hau tinh Kien Giang (1984) 40 o 35 t— < 30 :•:£ 5o20 m< o"15 IV V VI VII VIII IX X CAC THANG TRONG NAM Bieu 1: Nhiet binh quan toi cao theo thana Ironji 10 nam So sanh sd lieu nhiet binh quan 10 nam tii 1998 din 2007 voi sd lieu binh quan quan trie tir truoe nam 1975 din nam 1981 (thdi gian quan trie la 10 nam) ta nhan thIy sd lieu binh quan giai doan hien tai la 32,88"C va ddi chfmg cua giai doan truoc 1975-1981 la 30,4''C, nhiet chenh lech II 2,480C; nhiet binh quan cao nhlt la 35,56°C, ddi chung (II) la 31,1"C, chenh lech 4,46«C; nhiet binh quan thIp nhat (I) la 20,68"C, ddi chung (II) la 24,4''C, chenh lech nhiet dd gilm hon -3,72*'C Qua sd lieu so sanh gitra quan trie hien tai va quan ti-|c ddi chung ti'ong hai giai doan nhan fhly nhiet da tang len 2,48°C truoc nam 1975 din 2007 thdi gian la 22 nam; nhiet binh quan tdi cao (I) so voi ddi chiing (II) chenh lech la 4,46"C: nhiet dp binh quan tdi thIp (I) so voi ddi chiing (II) chenh lech Bif'u 2.\; Dien bien nhiet 10 nam tii 1998-2007 giam -3,72"C cho thIy bien nhiet cang chenh lech nong len theo thdi gian va co xu hudng lanh hon d thdi diem nhiet tdi thIp Bilu dd diln biln nhiet cac thang 10 nam cho fhly nhiet binh quan tdi cao d cac thang bilu hien ndng va khIc nghiet nhlt II thing va thing vl gilm din tii thing din thing nam sau, diln biln nhiet cho fhly vao thing vl thang la thoi ky ban ban gay git Day cung la thdi ky m l thien tai thudng xly nhu: Rimg khong cd am, dl sinh chly va sin xult nong nghiep thieu nuoc, nhlt la vu he thu b Dien bien lirmig mua Ve lugng mua so sanh lugng mua binh quan nam ciia giai doan 10 nam ttr nam 1998 den 2007 (I) la 2.321,21 mm so vdi ddi chung (II) bmh NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 15 KHOA HOC CONG NGHl quan dugc quan trie tu' nam 1975 - 1981 II 2.068,2 mm, chenh lech lugng mua II 253,01 mm; lugng mua binh quan ciia thing cao nhat ciia giai doan hien vl giai doan ddi chiing trudc day cho fhly cd su chenh lech lugng mua nhilu hon (I) II 286,43 mm va (II) ddi chiing II 286,8 mm chenh lech II khong ding kl; lugng mua binh quan tdi thap chenh lech khong nhilu xem nhu II xap xi tuong duong hon 11 mm cua thang thIp nhlt Qua bieu dd diln biln lugng mua theo thing 10 nam cho fhly mua mua bat diu tii thing va lugng mua tap trung nhat II vao thing din thang vl bit diu chim diit vio thing 12, cl biet cd nam lugng mua thIp nhlt thing Diln biln vl lugng mua ciia thing cd cudng dd mua cao nhlt, cl biet co nam cudng dd rlt cao, nhung nam gan day cudng dd cao nhat, lugng mua thIp nhlt nhilu nam ti-d lai day rat thap cho fhly tinh h-ang ban han diln phd biln, lugng mua trung binh theo thing ciia nhilu nam gin day cd xu hudng giam IV V VI VII VIII IX CAC THANG TRONG NAM Bieu 2: Luong mu'a binh quan cac thang 10 nam Kit qui nghien cuu vl diln biln thuy v§n III IV V Vl VII VIII IX X XI XII D I e N B i e i ^ T H E O THANG Bieu 3: Muc nuo'c cao nhat tai tram Thiiy van Rach Gia til 1998 - 2007 Bieu 5: Muc nuffc trung binh (Mtb) toi cao trung binh (Mtc) toi thap trung binh (Mtt) tir nam 1998 - 2007 Kit qua quan trie muc nuoc thiiy van viing ven biln tinh Kien Giang cho thay: 16 B I £ U BIEN THEO THANG Bieu 4: Mux nuoc Thiiy viin thap nhat tai tram Rach Gia tii nam 1998 - 2007 BiSu -1: Dien bien dia hinh tir -2m den Cm va 0mm den 1,5 m Muc nuoc nglp trilu binh quan gia tang b giai doan 1998 II 61 cm, thi din giai doan 2002 la 70 era NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE vl giai doan 2007 la 71 cm, nhu vay nhin tdng thi so vdi nam 1998 thi miie gia tang 10 cm Mue nude ngap trilu binh quan cao nhlt hing nam ed xu hudng cang tang eao, nam 1998 dugc II 68 cm, nam 2002 la 98 em thi din nam 2007 II 84 cm, nhu vay muc nuoc thiiy trilu eiia biln Tay cd tang vl gilm theo tiing giai doan nhung giai doan sau bao gid cling tang eao hon giai doan trudc theo xu hudng tang cao so voi nam 1998 II16 cm Muc nude thuy trilu binh quan thIp nhat cung cd gia tang nhtmg miie gia tang khong ding kl, nam nam mire gia tang rat nhd gin nhu su chenh lech II khong ding kl Kit qua nghien ciiu vl dia hinh toln tinh Bilu Diln biln dia hinh dd cao vl nang nglp c6 nude biln ding toln tinh phln dlt liln TT Dien tich phan dat lien toan tinh Do sau tir -1 m den -2 m Do sau tli -0 m den -1 m Dp cao tir m -0,5 m Dp cao tir 0,5 m-1 m Dp cao tir m-1,5 m Dp cao tir 1,5 m tra len Tong cong Dien tich (ba) 7.743,7 311.373,9 63.426,5 32.699,5 4.462,3 570.393,9 Ti le (%) 1,35 54,59 11,12 5,73 0,78 100% Qua xem xlt dilu kien dia hinh tren pham vi toln tinh tii sau m din m vl cao tir m trd len diln biln dien tich vl ti le (bilu 2) cho fhly dia hinh ciia ddng bing tinh Kien Giang cd cao tii m din 0,5 m, ed dien tich II 311.373,9 ehilm 54,59% dien tich ddng bing vl nlu tinh cao dia hinh ttr m din lm thi dien tich II 374.800,4 ehilm 65,71% dien tich Nhu vay, nlu muc nude biln dang cao hon muc thuy chuln 0,5 m thi cd hon 50% dien tich ddng bing bi chim nuoc biln, nlu muc nuoc biln cao hon m so vdi muc thuy chuln thi cd 66% dien tich ddng bing bi chim biln va nlu muc nude biln dang len din 1,5 m so voi muc thuy chuan thi dien tich ddng bing ciia tinh cd tren 71% bf chim nude a Viing U Minh Thuang (UTM) Nlu tinh cho vung UMT thi diln biln hau muc nude biln dang ed tic ddng rlt lon din dilu kien tu nhien cua -viing toan bg dia hinh ciia vilng nlm khoing m din 0,5 m Vi vay, neu muc nude biln dang eao hon 0,5 m so voi muc nude thuy chuln thi toln bg dien tich viing UMT se chim ti-ong mat nude biln vl dien tich hi chim II 181.155 ehilm 31,76% dien tich ddng bing toln tinh Kien Giang Bilu Diln biln dia hinh dd cao vl nSng ngap c6 nude biln ding vung UMT Dien tich phan dat lien toan tinh Do sau tli -1 m den -2 m Do sau tli -0 m den -1 m Do cao tirO m-0,5 m Do cao hi0,5 m-1 m Do cao hi m-1,5 m Do cao hi 1,5 m tra len Tong cong TT Dien tich (ha) 6.521,8 174.633,2 0 181.155 Tile (%) 1,14 30,62 0 31,76 b Viing Tay song Hdu (TSH) Bilu Diln biln dia hinh dd cao vl ning nglp cd nu6c biln ding vung TSH TT Dien tich phan dat lien toan tinh Dp sau hi -1 m den -2 m Do sau tli -0 m den -1 m Dp cao hi m -0,5 m Dp cao tli 0,5 m - m Dp cao tir m -1,5 m Dp cao tli 1,5 m tra len Tdng cong Dien tich (ha) 0 150.668 0 150.688 Tile (%) 0 26,42 0 26.42 Vung TSH ed eao dia hinh nlm khoang m din 0,5 m, cd dien tich II 150.688 ehilm ti le 26,42% so vdi dien tich tu nhien toln ddng bing Kien Giang Cung gidng nhu viing UMT, nlu muc nude biln dang cao hon 0,5 m so vdi mire thiiy chuan thi toln bd "vung ddng bing TSH cua Kien Giang se chim sau vio mat nude biln c Viing Tu Giac Ijjng Xuyen Bilu Diln biln dia hinh dd cao vi nSng nglp c6 nude biln ding viing Tu Gilc Long Xuyfen (JGUQ TT Dien tich phan dat lien toan tinh Do sau tir -1 m den -2 m Dp sau tir -0 m den -1 m Dp cao hi m -0,5 m Dp cao hi 0,5 m -1 m Dp cao tli m-1,5 m Dp cao tli 1,5 m tro' len Tong cong Dien tich (ha) 1.221,9 136.740,7 63.426,5 32.699,5 4.462,3 238.550,9 Tile (%) 0,21 23,97 11,12 5,73 0,78 41,82 Viing TGLX cd dia hinh tuong ddi phiic tap hon elc "vung tren dia bin tinh Kien Giang, noi cd sau tli m din m chiem dien tich nhd 1.221,9 chiem ti le 0,21%; noi ed cao tir m din 0,5 m NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 17 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE chiim dien tich kha ldn 136.740,7 chiem 23,97% toln vting ddng bing Kien Giang; dp cao tir 0,5 m - m CO dien tich II 63.426,5 chiem ti le 11,12% ; cao tir m - 1,5 m CO dien tich 32.699,5 chiem ti le 5,73% dien tich Nhu vay, nlu mue nuoc bien dang din m so vdi muc thuy chuan thi viing TGLX lai dien tich rlt nhd, chi chiim 6,51% dien tich ttr nhien toln viing ddng bing Kien Giang TTiuc trang vl bao tdn thiSn nhi&n va anh hudmg cua biln doi hlu v l nude biln dang a Anh hudng den tdi nguyen rirng vd da dcing sinh hoc Tdng dien tich rimg hien cd II 111.817 ha, chiim 17,62% dien tich tU' nhien toan tinh (bao gdm loai rimg chinh II rimg sin xult 18.634,9 ha, rimg phdng hd 50.896,9 va rung dac dung 42.285,2 ha) Tli nguyen thuc vat rimg rat da dang va phong phu, bao gdm ca he sinh thai rung thuong xanh mua Im nhiet ddi vung ddi va hIi dao, he sinh thai rimg ngap man ven biln va he sinh thii rimg ngap nuoc ndi dia Vudn Qudc gia Phu Qudc vl cac hIi dio II noi phan bd tu nhien cua he sinh thii rimg II rong thudng xanh mua am nhiet ddi Thanh phln thuc vat cua Vudn Qudc gia (VQG ) Phii Qudc cd 1.164 loli thuc vat bac cao cd mach tren can thugc 531 chi, 137 ho, 66 bo cua nganh thuc vat (co 12 loli quy hilm va 54 loai dac hQn) He dong vat rimg the hien ro net cua khu he DBSCL voi cic dai dien nhu Thin lln duoi dep (Hemydactylus prenatus) Thin lln Baorin (Hemydactylus bowringi), Cle k l (Calotes versicolor), Rua (Heiremys annamdalei) Thanh phln dong vat ghi nhan dugc cd 150 loli thugc 125 chi vl 69 hg (co 23 loai quy hilm dugc ghi nhan Sach dd Viet Nam), ti-ong dd lop thii co 17 hg, 23 chi va 26 loli; Idp • ••••• • chim CO 34 hg, 70 chi va 84 loai; lop bo sat co 14 ho, 25 chi va 29 loai; lop luong the cd hg, chi va 11 loai, VQG U Minh Thugng II mdt viing dim rung tren dat than bim voi dien tich ldn, tap ti-ung, sot lai rlt if d Viet Nam, Thanh phln thuc vat mng d VQG U Minh Thuong co khoang 249 loai Tham thuc vat rung tao noi cu tini rlt quan trgng cua cac loai chim nude Thanh phln cac loli chim d day rat da dang va phong phu voi 185 loai chim thugc 39 hg, 12 bg chiim 16,6% so vol 828 loai chim ghi nhan tai Viet Nam Khi hau biln ddi va nuoc biln dang co nguy co llm thay ddi tinh da dang sinh hgc cua he sinh thai rung vl moi truong sdng ciia cac thinh phln sinh vat VQG vl khu bio tdn thien nhien nhu da trinh bay d tren b Anh hudng dm he sinh thdi bien Vung bien Kien Giang co nhilu san ho, khoing 700 cimg 12.000 tham cd biln, la noi cu tru, ngudn thiic an cua nhilu loai ca bien, loai dong vat bien quy hiem, tao ngudn sinh cinh biln rlt da dang va hap dan d l khai fhIc du hch ThIm cd biln d Kien Giang kha phong phu da dang, theo thdng ke CO toi 10 loli 16 loli dugc cong bd cua toan vung biln Viet Nam San ho a Kien Giang rat da dang ve chung loai, duge phan bd d eac dia dilm nhu Phu Qudc, Nam Du va Thd Chau, 'vung bien Kien Giang cd nhieu loai dong vat quy hiem khac nhu cac loai Rua biln, Rua Da, Ddi mdi (Eretmochelys imbricata), Trang bong, Vich (Chenolia mydas), Quin ddng (Lepictochelys elivacca) va dac biet la thu bien m l dd Bo biln (Dugong) dang hi de doa nghiem trgng va co nguy co tuyet chung Nhilu nghien cim cho thay vimg bien nly cd tinh da dang sinh hgc cao voi ran san ho va tham cd biln phong phu, un fhl la loli Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acoroides Phu Qudc cd bai cd ^ - J ' i! Ran san ho -vl tham cd biln vimg biln dao Phii Qudc 18 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Biln ddi hau nhu da nghien ciiu tren se llm thay ddi nhiet do; nhiet gia tang manh hon phlt thii cong nghiep va hien tugng gay hieu ung nha kinh lam thay ddi hau vl cac phln sinh vat bien cung hi biln ddi lam cho he sinh thai bien hi thay ddi, nguy co thay ddi tinh da dang sinh hoc cua sinh vat bien c Anh hudng den phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi vd du lick Kien Giang II mot nhting tinh cd nhilu di tich lieh sir vl danh thing pham vi qudc gia, la noi hoi tu nhung hdn dio dep nhu Hon Chong, Hdn Trem, Hdn Nghe, quin dio Binh Tri, HIi Tac, dio Kien HIi, Phii Qudc Voi cac bai biln cat vang min, bai thoai cd dii dilu kien xay dung thinh khu du hch bien co y nghia dia phuong tuong lai Dac biet, theo Quylt dinh sd 178/2004/QD-TTg ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyet "De an phlt triln tdng the dio Phii Qudc, tinh Kien Giang din nam 2010 vl tim nhin din nam 2020", dio Phu Qudc se trd trung tam du lieh sinh thai biln chat lugng cao Bien ddi hau va nuoc biln dang cd nguy co lam thay ddi elc dieu kien tu nhien, Inh hudng din su phlt triln kinh tl- xa hgi ctia tinh, true tiep bi Inh hudng la sin xult nong, lam, ngu nghiep m l true tilp nhlt la nong dan, noi m l cdn hon 80% dan sd vl lao dong sdng bing nghi nong, lam, ngu nghiep vl Inh hudng din boat dong du hch, nhat II viec thu hep cac khu cinh quan thien nhien ciing nhu thay ddi elc he sinh thii rimg, sinh thii biln llm thiet hai khong nhd din boat dong du hch, mot nglnh kinh t l miii nhon ciia tinh Kien Giang IV CAC GIAI PHAP VA KiniH niGHIEIVJ 001 PHO VOI BIEI\i DO! KHi HAU Xly dung h$ fhdng quan trac v l canh bio sdm biln ddi hau Xay dung he thdng quan trie vl hau vl thuy van vimg doi bd va viing biln ven bd cin dugc tm tien hing diu O tinh Kien Giang quan tam nhlt II: Tang cuong nhan lue va diu tu cho cac tram tugng thuy van hien cd gdm cac Tram Khi tugng Thuy van Rach Gia, HI Tien, Phu Qudc, ddng thdi cd fhl md mdi them Tram Khi tugng Thuy van vimg U Minh Thugng Xay dung mang luoi quan trie tugng thiiy van cho viing ddi bd va vung ven bo bien, cd du an quan trie tugng voi elc chi tieu nhiet do, lugng mua Do II hai chi tieu fhl hien su biln ddi hau ndng len cua trai dlt fhl hien nhiet cd chenh lech so voi 20 nam truoc day nhat la mua kho din din nhilu hilm hga cho ngudi nhu ban bin, chly rirng va lugng mua dot biln vio mua mua so voi trudc day Lugng mua phan bd khong deu, tap trung nhtrng thing cao dilm ddng thoi tap trung ngly, cd nhirng mua lien tuc vdi cudng ldn lam cho iQ lut cue bg va gay lu quet d nhCrng vung cd ddc lon Nlu duge xay dung he thdng quan trie va sir dung he thdng thong tin cinh bio sdm d l co bien phip ddi phd vdi biln ddi hau va nude bien dang thi CO fhl gilm thief hai cho ngu'oi Xay dung h i thdng tang thuy lgi a Cung cd he thdng de bao Cung CO va nang cap he thdng de bao cd cao tren m so voi muc thuy chuln d l phdng muc nude bien dang cao hon m He thdng de bao tren dia ban tinh Kien Giang dli tren 200 km, hang nam vio mua mua nude bien dang cao, kem theo gio fay nam thinh hinh vdi cudng song bien tren d p lam cho bd bien nhieu doan bi sdng vo true tilp gay xdi Id bd biln mdt cich nghiem trgng, nhilu noi Id din khu dan cu nhu de bien Hdn Dlt vl An Bien, An Minh Vi vay cong trinh de bien phii dugc kien cd vl phli cd cic cong trinh chin sdng chdng xoi Id Viec xay dtmg cong trinh de biln cd thi kit hgp voi xay dtmg he thdng giao thong ven biln vua kit hgp chdng biln ddi hau va nuoc bien dang, va an ninh qudc phdng b Xdy dipig he thdng cdng vd cita ngdn man Xay dung he thdng cdng ngan man xam nhap va nude bien dang phai gan lien vdi he thdng de bien de ngan nude biln dang vao sau ndi dia Toan tinh Kien Giang cd 71 ciia song rach keo dli qua huyen, thi xa Ha Tien va TP Rach Gil De ddi phd bien ddi hau va nuoc bien dang cin nghien cun cong trinh dap vl cua cdng ngan man vl chan mue nude biln dang tren 71 ciia rach va kenh dd biln; day la mot cong trinh khong phli nhd Chiing ta da co kinh nghiem lam mot sd cong NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE trinh cira cdng cd chieu, miia mua d i n nude lu dd vl thi cua cdng se md theo ehilu tholt nude biln, vl miia kho cd nude man xam nhap, cle cua se ddng lai theo chilu ngan nude biln xam nhap, day II CO sd thuc tiln d l xay dung cle cong trinh cira song rach d l ngan chan nude biln dang Mdt vin d l dat ddi vdi eua song Cii Ldn vl song Cii Bl II viec xly dung d | p vl cira ngan chan nude biln dang, II mdt vin d l cue ky nan giii c Xdy dung he thdng bam kiem sodt muc nude ngap cue bo Qui luat thuy trilu cua bien Tay II muc nude biln dang len theo miia, theo thing vl theo ngly hoac nua ngly Vi vay eiing ed nhung giai doan vio miia mua mdi cd muc thiiy trilu dang cao eye dai hoac thing vio diu miia kho mdi cd nhirng nude cudng trilu eao day nude biln sau vio ngi dia Do dd, chiing ta eIn phli cd du In tinh toln elc cong trinh he thdng bom nude du phdng cue bg cho nhirng nam tilp theo, cd su cd vl muc nude biln dang khu vue nIo thi chiing ta cd bien phip kilm solt kip thdi d l d l phdng nude biln dang cao d Bao ve vd khoi phuc rimg ngap man ven bien, he thdng cdy xanh bao ve, chdng xdi la bd bien Viec khoi phuc vl trdng lai rimg ngap man dgc theo bd biln Kien Giang hi HI Tien din Cl Mau II rlt cin thilt Vi vay cin cd du In khoi phue rimg ngap man hen viing tir HI Tien din Chau Thinh Nhung noi ed dai rimg ngap man nhd hon 50 m chieu rong thi cin xay dung de phu va trdng rimg ngap man phia sau de phu d l dai rimg dim bio chilu rdng tdi thilu II 50 m Nhung noi cd dilu kifen tu nhien viing cd bai bdi h i n g nam dugc phu sa bdn dip nhu vimg An Bien,- An Minh thi cin tiln hinh trdng lai rimg theo du In trdng rimg lan biln hoac xiic tiln tai sinh khoi phuc rimg nhlm dim hlo phdng hg chin sdng biln va chin gid bio ve de biln, hlo ve nong nghiep va thiiy sin sau de biln tir An Minh din Cl Mau Day II bd biln luon hi xdi Id, hing nam bi sdng biln llm xdi Id sau vio dlt liln, cin cd du In de ke chdng xdi Id theo thuc trang hien Sau de ngan man vl chdng nude biln dang xay dung mo hinh canh tie cd he thdng cay xanh chdng xdi Id, dai cay xanh cin phdi hgp voi cay an qui, cay 20 lau nam, cay lly g l vl cay chin gid bao ve miia mIng e Xdy dtmg mo hinh sdng chung vd phii hap vai nude bien ddng Ddng bing song Cim Long da co nhilu kinh nghiem h-ong viec xay dung nhl sdng chung vdi lu, nude biln dang, la mot thue trang hrong ddng voi Iii, nhung thdi gian dai hon va khIc nghiet hon, xam nhap man manh hon Viec xay dung mo hinh nhl tren cot II mdt mo hmh thilt thue Vi vay eIn cd du In thu nghiem xay n h l tren cot d l phdng cd su cd nude biln dang thi mo hinh se tao su img phd sdng chung voi nuoc biln dang co hieu qui Mo hinh ling sdng chung vdi nuoc biln dang: Thuc chit ddng b i n g song Cim Long da ed mo hinh sdng chung vdi IQ II cle cum tuyln dan eu, da cd rlt nhilu du In triln khai tren hlu h i t tat c l cle tinh Do dd mo hinh ling iing phd vdi nude biln dang chinh II cum tuyln dan eu nhtmg d mdt miic cao hon, cong trinh phli qui mo vl eao phli tuong iing voi diu kien nude biln dang, cao cua cum tuyln phai cao hon m so vdi hien Mo hinh he canh tic phii hgp vdi nude biln dang: Thtre chit cua mo hinh canh tie II xay dtmg cle de bao cue bg timg viing, timg nong hg Mo hinh nly phli diu tu xay dung theo timg du In vl dugc thilt kit chi tilt theo timg dilu kien cu fhl Trong dilu kien nude biln xam nhap vio ngi dia nude biln dang thi mo hinh canh tie c.iing thich iing theo dilu kien, nhu: chgn loai cay trdng thich iing vdi dilu kidn chiu man va nuoi trdng thuy sin cung tuong thich vdi dilu kien tren V KET LUAN Ttr nam 1975 d i n 2007 thdi gian II 22 nam: Nhiet binh quan nam sau 22 nam da tang len 2,48°C, h i n g nam nhiet dp tang len 0,11°C Nhiet binh quan tdi cao so voi ddi chiing chenh lech la 4,46°C, hang nam nhiet tang len 0,20°C; nhiet binh quan tdi thap so vdi ddi chung chenh lech gilm 3,72°C, h i n g nam nhiet chenh lech thIp hon 0,17°C cho thay bien nhiet ngly cang chenh lech, ndng len theo thdi gian b nhiet tdi cao va co xu huong lanh hon a nhiet tdi thIp, bien nhiet ed xu hudng rong hon Lugng mua hang nam sau 22 nam cho thay lugng mua binh quan eiia thang cao nhlt h n r la NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 286,43 mm so voi truoc day la 286,8 mm, luong mua bmh quan tiilp nhlt sau 22 nam xIp xi II11 mm Tuy nhien, lugng mua cung phan bd khong diu, miia mua tap trung vao mot sd thing, lugng mua binh quan cao hon nhilu, gay nhilu hien tugng lu quet cue bg Trong mua kho thi ban ban khIc nghiet hon din din hien tugng chly rung diln nghiem trgng hon Hien tugng nude biln dang la rat ro Muc nuoc ngap trilu binh quan cao nhlt cung gia tang theo thdi gian, d giai doan 1998 la 61 cm, thi din giai doan 2002 II 70 cm va giai doan 2007 II 71 cm; nhu vay nhin tdng fhl so vdi nam 1998 thi miic gia tang 16 cm, vl binh quan moi nam muc thiiy trilu tang 1,6 cm Muc nude ngap binh quan eao hon sau 10 nam II10 em, nhu vay mue nude ngap tang len mdi nam 111 cm Nlu mue nude bien dang cao hon muc thiiy chuln 0,5 m thi co hon 50% dien tich ddng bing ciia tinh Kien Giang bi mit chim nude biln, nlu muc nude biln cao hon m so voi mue thiiy chuan thi cd 66% dien tich ddng bing ciia tinh bi chim biln va nlu muc nude bien dang len din 1,5 m so vdi muc thiiy chuan thi dien tich ddng bing eo tren 71% hi chim nude Cac giii phap ddi phd vdi biln ddi hau va nude biln dang bao gdm cle giii phip tdng hgp Trudc hit phli diu tu xay dung du an quan trie, cinh bio sdm biln ddi hau vl nude bien dang; tiep theo la xay dung du In diu tu he thdng de bao va du In dap ngan nude bien, cira ngan cle ddng song, kenh, rach Tren dia ban tinh Kien Giang cd 71 cii'a nen day II mot vin d l k h i nan giii Ddng thdi xay dung du In tieu thoat nuoc cue bg va cle tram bom dgc theo bd biln dai hon 200 km cua tinh; xay dung he thdng dai rimg ngap man noi tdi thilu cQng rong hon 50 m d l ngan chan song bien va nuoc bien dang; xay dung he thdng cay xanh chan gio theo mo hinh canh tac tdng hgp phia sau de biln; xay dung dy an mo hinh nha va mo hinh lang sdng chung vdi nude biln dang; xay dung mo hinh canh tic phii hgp vdi biln ddi hau vl nude biln dang va nghien cuu cay trdng, vat nuoi phu hgp voi dilu kien sinh thii mdi cd sy thay ddi moi trudng sdng TAI UEU THAIVl KHAO [1] Sd Tli nguyen vl Moi trudng Kien Giang (2008) Bio d o tdng hgp qui hoach bio ve moi trudng tinh Kien Giang den nam 2015 vl dinh hudng den nam 2020 [2] Vo Si Tuln (2005) He sinh thii ran san ho bien Viet Nam Nhl Xult bin KHKT nam 2005 [3] Sd Nong nghiep- PTNT Oxfam - Birdlife International (2001) Bio tdn da dang sinh hgc vung dlt ngap nude Ha Tien- Kien Luong, Kien Giang nam 2001 [4] Nguyin Hiiu Bio (1984) Dac dilm hau tinh Kien Giang Dli Khi tugng Thiiy van tinh Kien Giang xult bin nam 1984 STUDY ON THE STATUS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, DISATER TRENDS, EXPERIENCES FOR COASTAL AREAS PROTECTION, TOURISM AND NATURE CONSERVATION IN KIEN GIANG PROVINCE TTiai Thanh Luom Summary The total area of Kien Giang province without excluding islands has an area of 570,373.9 In which U Minh Thuong area is 181,155 ha, Hau River West area is 150,688 Long Xuyen quadrangle area has an area of 238,550.9 Based on the hydro-meterologieal data if the sea water level increases meter high the mainland of Kien Giang province only remains 37,161.8 over from sea level occupying for 6.51% of the total mainland land The climate change tendencies in the last 10 years shows to be disadvantage for people and extraordinary natural phenomena, such as increasing the temperature and more severe impacts, rainfall also fluctuate in recent years Changes in hydrology in recent years from the hydrological stations measured in Rach Gia shows that the maximal water level increased from 20 cm to 30 cm from the time of 2003 to 2007 as well as the minimum water level increased from cm to cm The hydro-meterological data shows the sea water level rises day to day The paper has evaluated the experiences and proposed the solutions for mitigation of the impacts of climate change and sea water level rise at Kien Giang in particuUar and the Cuu Long delta in general Keywords: Climate change, nature conservation, Kien Giang province Ngudi phan bifn: PGS.TS Luang Van Thanh NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 21 ... fhIc du hch ThIm cd biln d Kien Giang kha phong phu da dang, theo thdng ke CO toi 10 loli 16 loli dugc cong bd cua toan vung biln Viet Nam San ho a Kien Giang rat da dang ve chung loai, duge... tdng hgp Trudc hit phli diu tu xay dung du an quan trie, cinh bio sdm biln ddi hau vl nude bien dang; 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