Cdng trinh kinh tdng Gido su Viin sy Nguyin Vdn Hiiu nhdn dip Gido sir Viin sy 70 tuoi CONG NGHE XIĴ LY KHI THAI XE MAY Nguven Van Viro''''ng, Nguyen Anh Minh, Trirong Thj Hoa, Nguyen Trung Hieu, Nguyen[.]
Cdng trinh kinh tdng Gido su Viin sy Nguyin Vdn Hiiu nhdn dip Gido sir Viin sy 70 tuoi CONG NGHE XIJ^ LY KHI THAI XE MAY Nguven Van Viro'ng, Nguyen Anh Minh, Trirong Thj Hoa, Nguyen Trung Hieu, Nguyen Thanh Tao, Trjnh Xuan Trang Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu, Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam 18 Hoang Qudc Viet, quan Ciu Giiy, Ha Ndi; Email: vuongnv(2^ims.vast.ac.'vn Tom tit Bdi bdo trinh bdy kit qud qud trinh nghien cin4 vd thiit lap quy trinh cdng nghi chi tgo bd xiic tdc chuyen dung dimg di xir ly thdi xe mdy Cdng nghi xudt phdt tir phuong time lap ddt true tiip bg xuc tdc vdo dng xd ldm giam thiiu ndng CO vd HC ciia thdi md khdng gdy dnh hudng len hogt ddng binh thudng eiia dgng eo Nhirng kit qud chinh thiit ki chi tgo chdt mang cdu tnic td ong, lira chgn vd chi tgo vdt lieu xiic tde vd tdm chung len chdt mang, chi tgo vd phuong hudng triin khai img dung dng xd xe mdy thdn thien mdi trudng dugc trinh bdy chi tiit GIOI THIEU Mdi tmdng quyen cua Viet nam hien dang dan bj d nhiem bdi nhieu loai ngudn phat thai, tir cac nha may, xi nghiep Idn, tir cac xudng san xuat thu cdng nhd, tir cac thiet bj dan dung Sd lugng cac ngudn phat thai cang tang ciing vdi gia tang nhip dieu phat trien kinh le Lgi nbuan kinh te cita cac co sd san xuat ludn ddi dau vdi yeu cau phat trien va img dyng cdng nghe bao ve mdi tmdng Mdt loai ngudn phat thai ddc hai dugc cac nude "viing Ddng Nam A, cd Viet Nam, dac biet quan tam la eae phuong tien co gidi tham gia giao thdng dudng bd Trong cac phuong lien do, ty trgng gay d nhiem ciia xe may chiem ldi 55%o Trinh phat trien kinh te cdn thap, tang co sd giao thdng cdn yeu khien xe may tmdc mat va tuong lai gan van la phuang tien giao thdng ciia da sd ngudi dan 22 trieu xe may hien luu hanh, ty le gia tang sd lugng xe gan 15%o/nam, ban 50% xe may da qua tren nam sir dung, nhieu nam bd quen kiem soat thai xe may, cd ty ddng mdi chi phi dieu trj cac benh lien quan den d nhiem mdi trudng quyen, nhiing dii: lieu dd cang day len lo ngai ve anh hudng tryc tilp ciia thai xe may len sire khde ciia cdng ddng Tmdc tinh hinh dd, Chinh phii bing quy dinh 249/2005/QD-Ttg thang 10/2008 da xiet chat lieu chuan thai xe may (tir day va ve sau xe may dugc hieu la loai xe chay ddng CO xang khdng chi, ky) va xac djnh Id trinb thyc hien quy djnh Theo dd, tir 1/7/2008 mgi xe may ban mdi phai dap ung yeu cau ve gia trj ngirdng 4.5%o vol va 1500 ppm cua ndng CO va HC klii thai mdi tmdng 178 TuyIn tap bao cao ky niem 15 nam lap Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu - Ha Ngi, 6,2008 De dap ii'ng quy djnh 249 cd the cai tien dgng co, sii' dung bg dieu chinh ty ddng ty le ldi uu giua khdng va nhien lieu Tuy nhien nhimg cai lien chi cd the dam bao xe boat ddng va thai ddc bai dudi lieu chuan cho phep thdi gian dau (udc tinh khoang nam boat ddng binh thudng) Bien phap sir dyng bd xuc tac qua trinh dxy hda CO va HC thai xe may, chuyen hda chimg ve CO2 va H2O, la mdt bien phap hiru bieu va nhat Bg xiic tac cd cau tnic phii hgp, cd boat tinh xiic tac cao, ben co va nhiet, dyoc dinh vj thich hgp dng xa xe may se biln chimg nhung dng xa xe may than thien mdi trudng (OXTTMT) Dudi day cac ket qua nghien ciru che tao, thir nghiem va phuong hudng thuong mai hda OXTTMT dugc trinh bay va thao luan chi tilt THlTC NGHIEM Mdt dng xa dugc coi la than thien mdi trirdng va diing dugc Irong cac xe may hien hanh sau dap img dugc nhung yeu cau sau day: Dap img tieu chuan ve thai xe may ciia quy djnh 249 boat ddng binh thudng tren 8000 km quang dudng chay tdng cdng, Khdng anh hudng len hoat ddng ciia ddng ca, Khdng gia tang tieu phi nhien lieu, Dam bao my thuat cdng nghiep, Cho pbep djcb vy bau mai de dang Gia thap so vdi san pham nhap ngoai Ngoai nhung yeu cau ndi tren, de trien kliai thuan lgi OXTTMT sy phdi hgp vdi cac eo sd san xuat, giai phap dua bd xiic tac vao dng xa phai dugc lya chgn cho thay ddi tdi thieu thiet ke san xuat mdt dng xa binh thudng L Lua chon cau hinh bo xiic tac Do qua trinh xiic tac la be mat nen bd xuc tac dyoc che tao td hgp cua phan, chat mang va vat lieu xuc tac tam tren be mat ciia chat mang Cau hinh ciia bg xuc tac dugc xac djnh dua tren yeu cau hien dien ciia nd tren dudng thoat thai, chju dugc ap suat nen ciia thai ma khdng gay ap sual ngugc, chju dugc nhiet cao ciia thai, ben co va ben chju shock nhiet, dien tieh tiep xiic giua xiic tac vdi klii thai Idn Kit qua tinh loan cho thay dl dap img hoan loan cac yeu cau tren, chat mang phai cd ciu tnic td ong, tdng dien ticb cac Id thoat ciia chat mang phai gap 2, lan dien tich ong thai tir ldi cira ddng co Chit mang ed thi dugc lam tir vat lieu gdm nhung phai dugc thieu kit tren 900°C Dien tich bl mat ciia chat mang it nhat tir 2m''/g trd len Chilu dai ciia chit mang khdng dugc Idn ban 10cm Thanh phan hda hgc ciia chit mang dugc lya cho sd ciu tir la it nhat va viec tam vat lieu xiic lac len chat mang la de dang nhat Cong nghe che tao chat mang 179 Cong trinh kinh lang Gido su Viin sy Nguyin Vdn Hiiu nhdn dip Gido su Viin sy 70 tudi Tren co sd nhiing dien giai d tren, chat mang cau tnic td ong cd mat Old/cm , cd mat cat ngang binh vudng mdi canh khoang 4cm hoac mat cat trdn dudng kinh 4.5cm Cac Id hinh vudng canh 0.2cin, chieu day ciia vach khoang 0.6cm Tdng dien tich cac Id thoat khoang 8cm^, tdng dien tich cac vach va ngoai eiia chit mang dai 10cm dat tdi gan 1700cm^ De dam bao cdng suat Idn trien khai img dung, chat mang dugc che tao bang cdng nghe dim qua khudn Khudn dim vdi kit ciu dac biet la mgt san pham sang tao dugc che tao dimg cac thiet bj co dieu khien bang vi linh, cac chi tiet dat chinh xac den pm Anh cua chat mang dau tien dugc dim sau klii che tao khudn dugc trinh bay tren hinh HI Cac ket qua chi tiet dugc tham khao tai lieu [1] Thanh phan hda hgc Si02 ciia chat HI Chdt mang nen gdm cdu tnic td ong Id mang dugc kiem nghiem bang gian dd vudng dugc che tgo bdng phuong phdp dim nhieu xa lia X chup kieu mau bdt Chat qua khudn dim co kit cdu dac biet tu che tao mang dugc thieu kel tai 900 - 1000°C Id dien hoac Id chay gas San pham sau thieu ket cd ben nen khoang 1000 psi, xdp dat tren 10% the tich, kich thude tmng binh cua Id rdng khoang 35nm Dien tich be mat B.E.T ciia chat mang sau thieu ket dat gia tri 2.5m^/g Dien tich dugc tang cudng den 50m7g sau phii be mat mdt ldp y-alumina day 20pm Day chuyen che tao chat mang ndi tren hien cd cdng suat khoang 100 ngan bd/nam, dy djnh se lang den 500 ngan bd/nam tuong lai gan Anh thiet bi diin cdng suat Idn va anh cac chat mang cd mat cat khac dugc trinh bay tren hinh H.2 180 Tuyen tap bao cao ky niem 15 r hgc Vat lieu - Ha Ngi, 6/2008 '.F-mM KffSl^P^J'^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ' • ' • •»i - ^ • • • ; P J ^ [ '• " It '''*it,, - •'•^v • , • ' • V •'i •; • \ - :^~F• i^Ssg;: /S*?;^?^ • • fF- i%}n " "''fei,^ //2 .^«/; /nay dim vd bdn s cdu tnic td ong, nin SiO, ii) vd dnh mot sd chdt mang mdt cdt vudng vd Iron Cong nghe che tao vat lieu xi Vat lieu xiic tac dugc lya c hda tri de tham gia lot vao phai gian hda cau tnic co ciia toar kim loai ciia cac nguyen td da nang tang tru dxy de lam dan Mdt vat lieu xiic tac thich Su lya chgn dya tren co sd ( Cu hoac CuO cd kha nang boat i nam gan day, Ce02 va cac vat Hi Ce02 la mdt vat lieu da chirc nar lam ben xiic lac dudi sy pha hir trinh oxy hda kliir Ce'*VCe^^ de c m phan tan deu CuO/Ce02 [2] cho thay rang cac xiic tac chira thap Ben canh dd, vai it dugc sy quan tam dac biet y cac phan img d nbiet thap, ng dieu tiet O2 tdt nhd vao chu Phan irng dxy hda CO (va mat luang lac giua CuO va CeC phan irng vdi nguyen tir dxy lin mang tinh the cita Ce02 hoac ii CCOT Khi dxy linh ddng tren be nguyen tir Cu, Id trdng ed t mang tinh the hoac tir ngudn dxy HC) lien quan chat che den be tren nguyen tir kim loai Cu va inb Chimg cd the la dxy be mat tuong tac giu:a CuO va se tao Id trdng nam ben canh (ua trinh khuyech tan oxi Tren co sd pban irng dxy h tren be mat xiic tac Cu0/Ce02 ci md binh hda sir dyng phuong p nhien chuyen dung [3] Ket qua thira dii de chuyen hda loan bd i ciia xe may boat ddng dai iciic tac chuyen hda CO ve CO2 d ong mat Old/cm" da dugc modul phan mem phat sd ngau dai lOcm ciia bg xuc tac la vdi luu lugng thai thyc te 181 Cong trinh kinh tdng Gido sir Viin sy Nguyin Van Hiiu nhdn dip Gido su Viin sy 70 tudi Vat lieu xuc tac CuO/CeOi dugc cbl lao bing cdng nghe Sol-Gel citrat (sir dung'Ce(N03)4: IM, Cu(N03)2: 0.5 M, Axit citric: IM va NH3 dam dac Cac bd xiic tac dugc che tao bang each tam sol cd nhdt thich hgp len tren chat mang ciu tnic to ong kem theo qua trinh say so bd lai 100°C 12b va thieu ket so bd lai 250°C 2b dl thuc day qua trinb cac bgp chit him co phan buy Cudi cung mau dugc thieu ket d 850°C 2h Vat lieu xiic tac sau tam cd kicb thude bat tmng binh khoang 90 - lOOnm, dien tich be mat rieng B.E.T khoang 12m lg Anh ciia cac bd xiic tac dugc trinh bay tren binh H3 ^fii^'-^'ih '4F^H F'7-%'-t H3 Anil cac bd xuc tac cau triic td ong CuO/CeOz, mdt eae bg xiic tac sir dung dng xa de xir ly thai xe may Che tao va thu nghiem ong xa xe may than thien moi truong Bd xiic lac dugc lap dat hop phy trg djnh vi tmdc bd phan giam Sau xe khdi ddng vai phiit, nhiet ciia bd xiic lac dao ddng khoang 200 - 600°C tiiy vao tdc va chay va cac loai xe cd dung tich xy lanh dudi 125cc H4 Anh ong xa xe may cd chira bd xuc tac Vj tri djnh vj bd xiic tac tuong iing vdi nhiet lam viec ciia bd xuc tac, cho phep thay ddi ldi thilu thilt kl cua ong xa Hop phu trg giiip dinh vi, chdng rung xdc va shock nhiet cho bd xiic tac Hinh H4 trinh bay anh ciia dng xa da lip dat bd xiic tac Kel qua kilm nghiem chit lugng cua dng xa xir ly CO va HC ciia thai xe may dirge trinh bay tren bang Bl Nong CO va HC dugc xac djnh bdi thill bj cim tay chuyen dung sir dung cam bien hdng ngoai Xe thir nghiem la Viva - Suzuki 110 cc, chay tren ban thir vdi cac van tdc khac dilu kien gid thdi nhan tao 182 TuyIn tap bao cao ky niem 15 nam lap Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu - Ha Ngi, 6/2008 Bl Bang tap hgp kit qua ndng thai trudc vd sau bg xiic tdc CuO(70%)/CeO2 lap ddt dng xd ciia mot xe mdy thai ddc hgi GO vd HC ndng cao N o n g d o CO triroc XIIC tac can xuc t i c N o n g HC chuyen hoa tnroc xuc tac :aii xuc tac chuy«n hoa 4.8«o 11% 77.1% 380ppm GOppm 84.2% 5.2% 13% 72.4% 480ppm lOOppm 79.2% 5.65*0 10% 82.3% 540ppm lOOppm 81.5% 7.8»o 18% 77% lOSOppm 300ppm 714% 3.8% 19% 78.4% 2000ppm 450ppm 77.5% 9.0% 2.0% 77.7% 3100ppm 780ppm 74.8% Tren ca sd nhung kel qua thu nhan dugc ta thay rang dng xa xe may sau lip dat bd xiic tac CuO/Ce02 da thyc sy trd dng xa xe may than thien mdi trudng Bd xiic tac cd he sd chuyen hda CO va HC tmng binh khoang gin 80%, va dang chit ban la ndng CO va HC thai d dudi dng xa nhd ban nhieu so vdi lieu chuan 4.5% (cho CO) va 1500ppin (cho HC) cua quy dinh 249/2005/QD-Tlg ciia Chinh Phii K E T QUA VA THAO LUAN Ong xa xe may than thien mdi trydng da dirge che tao va thir nghiem cdng Cac bd xiic lac cd cau tnic td ong thich bgp da dugc che tao tren co sd sir dung chat mang cau trite Id ong va vat lieu xuc tac Id hgp nand sieu phan tan CuO/CeO? Chung cd mat 10 ld/cm~, mat cat ngang hinb vudng hoac trdn kich Ihudc tmng binh khoang 4cin, dai dudi 10cm Dugc djnh vj thich hgp dng xa, cac bg xiic tac chju dugc ap lyc nen ciia thai, khdng gay anh hudng len boat dgng binh thudng ciia ddng co, chuyen hda tdi 80% lugng CO va HC cd mat thai tir ddng co, giam thieu lugng CO va HC thai quyen dudi chi tieu cho phep an djnh quy djnh 249/2005/QD-Ttg ciia Chinb Phii San pham klioa hgc cdng nghe dugc dy dinh trien kliai md rgng san xuat va thuong mai hda thdi gian tdi khudn khd hgp tac vdi cac cdng ly san xuat dng xa xe may ciia Viet Nam, gdp phan giai quyet d nhiem quyen cac phuang tien giao thdng dirdng bd gay Loi ciim o'n Cdng trinb dugc thyc hien tren co sd kinh phi nghien cim ciia Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng Nghe Viet Nam, la mgt phan cua de lai nghien cim khoa hgc cdng nghe eip Vien KH&CNVN "Nghien cim che tao he xuc tac lgc thai tren nen xuong gdm ciu tnic td ong de sir dung Irong dng xa xe may" Cac tac gia xin chan cam 183 Cong tnnh kinh tdng Gido su Viin sy Nguyin Vdn Hiju nhdn dip Gido su Viin sy 70 tudi on Lanh dao Vien KH&CNVN va Vien Khoa Hgc Vat Lieu da tao nhilu dieu kien thuan lgi qua trinh nghien cim TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Van Vugng Bao cao tdng ket nghiem thu de tao KHCN eip Vien KHCNVN "Nghien cim che tao he xuc tac lgc thai tren nen xuong gdm cau tnic td ong de sir dung dng xa xe may" Truang Thj Hda Luan an Thac ST hda hgc "Tdng hgp he nano CuO/Ce02 xiic tac cho phan img khir thai ddng co ddt trong" Dai Hgc Su Pham Ha Ndi, 2008 Nguyen Van Vuong, Nguyen Tmng Hieu, Nguyen Ngoc Long Monte Carlo simulation of CuO/Ce02 nanoeatalysts 5' HUS-JAIST-VAST workshop on advanced material science and technology (AMST'06), HUS, March 9-10"\ 2006, 9a4, pages 184 ... sir dung dng xa de xir ly thai xe may Che tao va thu nghiem ong xa xe may than thien moi truong Bd xiic lac dugc lap dat hop phy trg djnh vi tmdc bd phan giam Sau xe khdi ddng vai phiit, nhiet... hgp, cd boat tinh xiic tac cao, ben co va nhiet, dyoc dinh vj thich hgp dng xa xe may se biln chimg nhung dng xa xe may than thien mdi trudng (OXTTMT) Dudi day cac ket qua nghien ciru che tao,... coi la than thien mdi trirdng va diing dugc Irong cac xe may hien hanh sau dap img dugc nhung yeu cau sau day: Dap img tieu chuan ve thai xe may ciia quy djnh 249 boat ddng binh thudng tren 8000