TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE Tap 48, so 2,2010 Tr 71 78 NGHIEN CLFU ANH HU''''d''''NG CUA N, P LEN K H A NANG SINH TRU''''O''''NG VA TICH LUY ASEN CUA LOAl DU''''aNG XI Pteris vittata L BUI TH! KIM ANH, T R A N V A[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE Tap 48, so 2,2010 Tr 71-78 NGHIEN CLFU ANH HU'd'NG CUA N, P LEN K H A NANG SINH TRU'O'NG VA TICH LUY ASEN CUA LOAl DU'aNG XI Pteris vittata L BUI TH! KIM ANH, T R A N V A N TIJA, DANG D I N H KIM, PHAM THj H U Y t N TRANG l.MdDAU Tren the gidi, cdng nghe sir dung thuc vat xii li d nhiem (Phytoremediation) dang dugc chu y nghien ciiu va duge biet den nhu la mdt giai phap than thien mdi trudng va ehi phi thap Tren 450 loai thyc vat cd kha nang hap thu cao kim loai da dugc cdng bd Cac hg thuc vat chiem uru the ve loai dugc xae djnh la "Sieu hap thu" nhu Asteraceae, Brassiaceae, Caryopyaeeae, Cyperaceae, Coonuniaceae, Fabaceae, ed the tich luy nhieu hon 100 Ian vdi sy tich tu kim loai va phi kim cua cac cay binh thudng [12, 14] Trong sd nhirng kim loai nang (KLN) d nhiem dat, Asen (As) la mgt nguyen td phd bien bdi nd la tap chat hau het cac loai quang kim loai Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn Trong nghien ciiu, iing dung phuong phap Phytoremediation vao xu li As dat, loai duong xi Pteris vittata da dugc phat hien la loai cd kha nang sieu tich liiy Asen [6] Kha nang hap thu va tich liiy As md mdt each tuyet vdi ciia Pteris vittata la phat hien cua nha khoa hgc ChenTongBin d Trung Qude vao nam 1997 va Lena Q.Ma d My [6, 10] Theo dd thi P.vittata cd the phat trien binh thudng tren dat cd chiia 50 ^ 4030 mg As/kg, tham chi nd cdn ed the sdng dugc tren phan quang dudi cd chiia ham lugng As Ien den 23400 mg/kg Ndi bat nhat la nghien ciiu co che sinh li hgc va sinh hda nhu kha nang hiit, chdng chju va khu ddc As eiia cay Loai cd the hiit 10%) As tu dat vdng I nam ma lugng kim loai hap thu dugc chii yeu tap trung d phan tren mat dat Ngoai ra, P.vittata cdn la cay sdng lau nam, mdt Ian trdng cho nhieu lan thu hoach [5] Su bd sung cac chat khac theo nhieu dudng ed the lam tang kha nang xii li d nhilm bang thuc vat [3] Trong bai bao nay, chung tdi mudn de cap tdi chat bd sung la P va N de lam tang kha nang xii Ii d nhilm As cua loai duong xi Pteris vittata Ca As va P deu thudc nhdm V bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hda hpc Nhd cac dac tinh hda hpe tuong ddng ma chiing cd cac dudng boat dpng he thdng dat va cay nhu Me-harg va nnk [3] da nhan xet rang Arsennate va Photphate dugc hip thu gidng cung he thdng va As dugc loai bd khdi mdi trudng dit thdng qua he thdng hiit thu cua Photpho P la chat dinh duang can thiet cho cay As la ylu td khdng cin thilt va gay dpc cho cay P va As canh tranh vdi sudt qua trinh hip thu cua cay Lugng tich liiy As ludn bj kim ham bdi su hap thu P P dugc bd sung Bdi vay, boat ddng sinh li cua As va P cay rat khac [3] Tuy nhien anh hudng cua P len sy tich luy As cay vin edn nhieu dieu ehua duge biet rd Do vay, nghien ciiu chiing tdi danh gia anh hudng ciia P nhu la phan bdn Ien kha nang hiit thu As ciia Pteris vittata Su tich liiy As cua cay mdi trudng dugc cung cip nhirng ngudn N hay ham Iugng N khac la khac Khi dua dang N khac bd sung vao cac thi nghiem rdi dem danh gia su tich liiy As cua cac thi nghiem vdi cdng thuc ddi chiing khdng bd sung N [8] Kit qua cho thiy tdng lugng As tich liiy sinh khdi cua cay giam din theo day sau: NH4HCO3 > 71 (NH4)2S04 > Co(NH2)2 > Ca(N03)2 > KNO3 > CK Vi vay, bd sung N dudi dang NH4"' la hgp nhat cbo P.vittata de tang kha nang tach chiet As dit Trong thi nghiem nghien anh hudng cua N len sy sinh trudng va tich liiy As eiia eay duong xi P.vittata d bao cao chiing tdi sti dung ngudn N bd sung dudi dang (NH4)2S04 vdi mue dich tim ham Iupng N hgp kich thich cay phat trien va tich liiy Asen phu ciiu phii VAT LIEU VA PHU^ONG PHAP 2.1 Doi tugng nghien ciru Doi tugng nghien ciiu la loai duong xi Pteris vittata L dugc lay ttr khu vuc d nhilm kim loai nang xung quanh cae md chi va kem tai Lang Hich, Thai Nguyen Day la loai than cd thugc hg Pteridaceae, phan bd phd biln d Viet Nam, cac nudc chau A, Au, Phi va chau Uc Cay thu ve dugc trdng va cham sdc -vudn uom de chuan bj cho thi nghiem Dat su dung cho nghien ciiu la dit vudn cd ham Iugng As la 24,9ppm, photpho tdng sd la 435,7ppm, nita tdng sd la 640ppm va pH = 7,87 Hinh Anh minh hoa cay duang xi Pteris vittata L su dung nghien ciiu 2.2 Phuong phap phan tich - Xae djnh tdng N theo phuang phap Kjendhal, xae dinh tdng P theo phuang phap Ascorbic-antimoantartrat - Xae djnh ham lugng Asen re, than va dat tren may quang phd hap thy nguyen tit (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - AAS), hang Shimazu (Nhat Ban), seri: AA -6000 tai Phdng Phan tich dpc chat mdi trudng, Vien Cdng nghe mdi trudng, Vien Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam - De phan tich ham lugng As cay, cay duong xi dugc chia hai phan: Phan tren mat dat ggi chung la than (bao gdm than va la lugc) va phan dudi mat dat gpi chung la re (bao gdm gdc va re) 2.3 Bo tri thi nghiem 2.3.1 Bo tri thi nghiem nghien ciru dnh hudng ciia P len sinh truong vd tich liiy As cua cdy duang xi Pteris vittata Chiing tdi thilt lap cdng thiic thi nghiem bd sung vao dat trdng ndng dp P khac dudi dang Na2H2P04 nhu sau: 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 va 1000 ppm Lugng N, K va As dugc bd sung 72 vao cae thi nghiem la nhu nhau, N bd sung la 0,6 g/chau dudi dang ure, K la 0,486 g/ chau dang KCI va As la 300 ppnV chau dudi dang Na2HAs04.7H20 Moi cdng thiic dugc lap Iai 03 lin Cay dugc trdng thi nghiem la cay gieo tir bao tir, dugc lua chgn vdi chieu cao va sd la tirong ty (cay cd khoang hoac la; chilu cao khoang cm) Mdi chau thi nghiem cd kg dat va thi nghiem tiln hanh 04 thang 2.3.2 Bo tri thi nghiem nghien cim dnh hudng cua N len su sinh trudng vd tich lily As cua cdy duong xi Pteris vittata cdng thiic bd sung vao dit trdng ndng N khac dudi dang (NH4)2S04 da dugc thiet lap nhu sau: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ppm Lugng P, K va As duge bd sung vao cac thi nghiem la nhu nhau, P bd sung la 1,51 g/cbau dudi dang NaH2P04, K la 0,486 g/ chau dang KCI va As la 300 ppm/ chau dudi dang Na2HAs04.7H20 Mdi cdng thiic lap Iai 03 lan Cay dugc trdng thi nghiem la nhiing cay gieo tu bao tit, dugc lua chgn nhu thi nghiem vdi P Mdi chau thi nghiem cd I kg dat va thi nghiem tien hanh 04 thang Tat ea cac thi nghiem tren deu dugc trdng nha kinh vdi anh sang tu nhien K £ T QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Nghien cuu anh huong cua P len su sinh truong va tich liiy As cua cay duong xi Pteris vittata Hinh Nghien cim anh hudng ciia P len sinh tru'dng va tich luy As cua P.vittata sau thang thi nghiem Hinh Nghien cim anh hudng cua P len sinh trudng va tich luy As cua P.vittata sau thang thi nghiem ^^^' Sau thang thi nghiem, chiing tdi thu hoach de danh gia sinh trudng va tich luy As cua loai duong xi Pteris vittata dudi anh hudng cua cac ndng dp P khac O cdng thiic bd sung P la 1000 ppm, cay chi sdng dugc sau tuan thi nghiem edn d ndng P bd sung tu' - 800 ppm, cay van sdng va cd sy tang trudng sinh khdi Mot sd ket qua nghien ciiu trudc day ciing cho thay, su canh tranh giiia hap thu Asen va Photpho da dugc ghi nhan cac loai thuc vat phd bien nhu liia, Iiia mach, rau va thuc vat ehdng chju Asen [1, 3, 9, 11, 13] Ham lugng As re, than, la va hat cua liia deu giam tang ham Iugng P len qua cao Tuy nhien, ket qua ttr nhiing nghien ciiu gan day eho rang khdng cd sy canh tranh giiia P va As cay d ndng dp P thap Theo nghien cii'u ciia Chen Tongbin, bd sung P vdi ndng dp thich hpp vao cac chau 73 thi nghiem se tang cudng kha nang sinh trudng va tich luy As cua Pteris vittata len nhieu Ian [3] Ket qua hap thu As cua P.vittata cac cdng thiic bd sung P < 800 ppm dupe trinh bay theo hinh Kit qua hinh tren cho thiy, bd sung P vdi lugng 0, 200 va 400 ppm thi lugng As tich my than lin lugt la 1034; 1073,9 va 1133,16 ppm edn re lin lugt la 286,59; 277,13 va 258,63 ppm Phan tich tren chi rang, bd sung Iugng P khdng qua 400 ppm thi lugng As tich liiy than va re cd sy thay ddi nhung khdng dang ke Ci tbi nghiem lugng P bd sung la 600 va 800 ppm, ham lugng As tich luy cay tang cao, tich liiy than tuong iing la 1478,95 va 1549,17 ppm; re tuong iing la 403,51 va 506,22 ppm Su chenh lech tten cho thiy, kha nang tich liiy As cua P.vittata cd chju anh hudng tich cue cua ham lugng P bd sung ndng dp bd sung 800 ppm P, su tich liiy As than va re tang cao nhat Ian lugt gap 1,5 va 1,77 lan so vdi thi nghiem khdng bd sung P 1800 ~ -£ 1600 • a 1400 • = 1200 ^ y 1000 * —*—Than -•- - - Re S 800 Ol ,. • b 600 - 400 - S 200 D/C 200 400 600 800 H a m lu'O'ng P bo sung (ppm) Hinh Ham lugng As tich luy re va than Pteris vittata sau thi nghiem Mdt nhiing u'u diem cua P.vittata xii li KLN la kha nang tich liiy mdt lugng KLN d phan tren mat dat cao hon nhieu so vdi phan re Chi sd tich liiy sinh hgc BF (dugc tinh bang ham lugng kim loai tdng sd cay so vdi ham lugng kim loai tdng sd mdi trudng noi cay mgc) la thdng sd rat quan trgng danh gia kha nang tich luy kim loai nang d mdi trudng cd miic d nhiem khac Trong bao cao nay, chung tdi dung chi sd BFt va BFr tuong iing la chi sd giira ham Iugng kim loai nang than va re so vdi ham lugng mdi trudng dat Chi sd BF thi nghiem chju anh hudng rat ldn bdi ham lugng P bd sung Ket qua chi d hinh cho thay, BFt va BFr dao ddng tu 3,18 - 3,48 va tir 0,79 - 0,88, tuong ling lugng P bd sung < 400 ppm Ddi vdi lugng P bd sung > 400 ppm thi ty sd BFt va BFr tang len dang ke Dac biet d thi nghiem P bd sung = 800 ppm, he sd BFt va BFr dat lan lugt la 4,77 va 1,56 He sd BFt va BFr da cao gap 1,5 va 1,77 lan, tuong iing so vdi cdng thiic khdng bd sung P Ket qua cang khang djnh hon niia ve ham Iugng P bd sung tir 600 ppm 800 ppm thi kha nang tich luy As la cao nhat 74 6-1 Chi so tich luy sinh hpc DC 200 400 600 800 P bo sung(ppm) Hinh Anh hudng ctia ham lugng P bo sung len he so tich luy sinh hoc ciia cay Sau ket thiic thi nghiem, sinh khdi tuoi ciia cac cdng thiic khae dugc can va tinh trung binh Chiing tdi coi trgng lugng ban dau cua eac cay dugc lua chgn la gan bang vi cac cay tren deu dugc trdng tir bao tir d ciing mdt thdi diem va dugc lua chgn trudc dat thi nghiem la ed chieu cao va sd la nhu ~ 70 £o 60 n£ 50 |40 ni >30o ;o 20 £ £ 10 c 200 ppm thi ham Iupng As tich liiy cay cd sy thay ddi so vdi ddi chiing nhung khdng dang ke Sy sinh trudng va tich liiy As ciia cay duong xi P.vittata cao nhat la bd sung N d ndng dp tir 100 ppm - 200 ppm va P bd sung d ndng dp 800 ppm TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Asher C J., Reay, P F - Arsenic uptake by barley seedlings, Aust J of Plant Physiol (1979)459 Bui Thi Kim Anh, Dang Dinh Kim, Trin Van Tua, Le Diic, Nguyen Trung Kien, Dd Tuin Anh, Nguyin Thj Hoai Phuang - Kha nang chdng chiu va tich luy As cua hai loai duong xi thu hr -vimg khai thac md Tap chi Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe 46, 6A (2008) 248-258 Chen Tongbin, Fan Zhilian, Lei Mei, Guang Zechun & Wei Chaoyang - Effect of phosphorus on arsenic accumulation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L and its implication Chinese Science Bullehn 47 (2002) 1876-1879 Cong Tu and Lena Q Ma - Effects of Arsenic Concentrations and Forms on Arsenic Uptake by the Hyperaccumulator Ladder Brake Joumal of Environmental Quality 31 (2001)641-647 77 Chen Tong Bin, Liao Xiao-Yong, Huang Ze-Chun, Lei Mei, Li Wen-xue, Mo Liang- Yu, An Zbi-Zhuang, Wei Chao-Yang, Xiao Xi-yuan and Xie Hua - Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soil in China.Methods in Biotechnology, Phytoremediation: Methods and Reviews 23 (2006) 391-395 Chen Tong-Bin, Chao- Yang Wei - Arsenic accumulation by two brake fern growing on an Arsenic mine and their potential in phytoremediation, Chemosphere 63 (2006) 1048-1053 Dang Dinh Kim, Bui Thi Kim Anh, Tran Van Tua et al Heavy metal pollution in soils of four mining areas in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam and potential for phytoremediation Seminar on Environmental Science and Technology Issues Related to the Urban and Coastal Zone Development Osaka, Japan, 26* to 28* of November, 2008, pp 376-383 Liao XY, Chen TB et al - Selecting appropriate forms of nitrogen fertilizer to enhance soil arsenic removal by Pteris vittata: a new approach in Phytoremediation, Int J Phytoremediahon (4) 269-280 Lin H C - Problems of soil arsenic: a study based on soilchemical and plant-nutritional aspects Memoirs of the College of Agriculture, National Taiwan University 11 (2) (1977) 10 Ma LQ, Komar KM, Tu C, Zhang WH, Cai Y, Kennelley ED - A fem that byperaceumulates arsenic - a hardy, versatile, fast-growing plant helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soils Nature 409 (2001): 579-579 11 Meharg, A A., Macnair, M R - An altered phosphate uptake system in arsenate-tolerant Holciis lanatiis L, New Phytol 116 (1) (1990) 29 12 Salt D.E et al - Phytoremediation: Anovel strategy for removal of toxic metals from environmental using plants Biotechnology 13 (1995) 468-473 13 Sharpies, J M., Meharg, A A., Chambers, S M et al - Arsenate sensitivity in cricoid and ectomycorrhizal fungi Environ Toxic, and Chem 18 (8) (1999) 1848 14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phvtoremediation SUMMARY EFFECT OF N, P ON GROWTH AND ARSENIC ACCUMULATION IN FERN Pteris vittata L More and more attention has been paid to the research on Ph3^oremediation and hyperaccumulators Nowaday, the people concentrate in how to enhance the abilities of plants to accumulate more contamiinants by addition of amending reagents In this study, the pot experiments were conducted to understand the effect of N, P on Arsenic accumulation in Pteris vittata L Our study was undertaken to examine the effect of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Arsenic accumulation in the As - Hyperaccumulator, as well as to verify the feasibility of Phosphorus and Nitrogen applied as fertilizer to increase the arsenic accumulation in Pteris vittata The result showed that Arsenic concentration in the frond is higher than that in the root of the fem With the P added > 400 ppm and N added 100 - 200 ppm Arsenic accumulation in the fem were increased sharply Obviously, Nitrogen and Phosphorus is also a potential accelerator for Phytoremediation of Arsenic contaminated soil Bia chi: Vien Cdng nghe mdi trudng, Vien KH&CN Viet Nam 78 Nhgn bdi ngdy 12 thdng ndm 2009 ... trien va tich liiy Asen phu ciiu phii VAT LIEU VA PHU^ONG PHAP 2.1 Doi tugng nghien ciru Doi tugng nghien ciiu la loai duong xi Pteris vittata L dugc lay ttr khu vuc d nhilm kim loai nang xung... lu''O''ng P bo sung (ppm) Hinh Ham lugng As tich luy re va than Pteris vittata sau thi nghiem Mdt nhiing u''u diem cua P .vittata xii li KLN la kha nang tich liiy mdt lugng KLN d phan tren mat dat cao... - An altered phosphate uptake system in arsenate-tolerant Holciis lanatiis L, New Phytol 116 (1) (1990) 29 12 Salt D.E et al - Phytoremediation: Anovel strategy for removal of toxic metals from