Hgi nghi Khoa hgc h'''' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam Hd Ngi JO 20JO DANH GIA TIEM NANG VA GIAI PHAP SlT DUNG DIA NHIET DE PHAT TRIEN NANG LU^ONG TAI TAO O VIET NAM THE ASSESSMENTS OF T[.]
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc h'- niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi JO 20JO DANH GIA TIEM NANG VA GIAI PHAP SlT DUNG DIA NHIET DE PHAT TRIEN NANG LU^ONG TAI TAO O VIET NAM THE ASSESSMENTS OF THE GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY AND THE APPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING RENEWABLE ENERGY IN VIETNAM Boan Van Tuyen, Dinh Van Toan Vien Dja chit - Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam Ngd 84 phd Chiia Ling - Q Ddng Da - Ha Ndi E-mail: doanvantuyen(a)yahoo.eom Tom tat: Khai thdc ndng lugng dja nhiet trin thi giai cd nhirng thdnh tuu mai Id: 1) Sir dung turbin hai chu ky ORC vd Kalina cho khd ndng khai thdc dja nhiet trin phgm vi rdng a hdu hit cdc viing lanh thd nin tiim ndng khai thdc dja nhiet cd triin vgng rdt lan; 2) Sir dung cdng nghi bam ngudn nhiet ddt diiu hda khdng cd khd ndng irng dung rdng rdi sdn xudt vd ddi sdng a mgi nai Id mot gidi phdp tiit kiim ndng lugng hiiu qud Trin lanh thd Viet Nam da phdt hiin nhiiu diim Id nuac ndng vd rdt ndng, cdc viing vd dia diim dj thuang ddng nhiet Id tiin di di nghiin cim khai thdc phdt diin dja nhiet Tdng trung hda nhiet a viing ddng bdng Sdng Hdng cd diiu kiin thudn lgi de dp dung cdng nghi bom nhiet ddt cho nhu cdu diiu hda khdng cd khd ndng tiit kiim 37% ndng lugng so vai cdng nghe truyen thdng Abstract: Exploitation of geothermal energy in the world with new achievements are: 1) Using binary turbine, such as ORC and Kalina cycle made a great potential in geothermal exploitation on a large scale in most regions; 2) Using technology of ground source heat pump GSHP for air conditioning as a solution to save energy has capacity to apply widely in production and life On the territory of Vietnam, people have discovered a lot and very hot spring The areas and location anomalies of the heat flow are precondition to study the exploitation of geothermal power generation Neutral temperature layer in the Red River delta has favorable conditions to apply the ground source heat pump technology for air conditioning demand with 37% energy saving in comparing with the conventional technology Tong quan Trai dit li mdt ddng co nhiet khdng Id: nhiet gia ting theo chieu siu dat 300 - 350°C d manti, hon 4.000°C nhin, ning lugng eua ddng nhiet thdat tren be mat Trii dit xac djnh dugc li 42 x 10 W la mdt ngudn nang lugng tii tao vd tin Dja nhiet li ngudn ning lugng saeh d i duge khai thie d nhieu noi tren the gidi ed nhieu uu viet hon so vdi cie ngudn ning lugng tii tao khie Trudc diy, cdng nghe edn nhilu ban ehi, gii thinh khai thie ning lugng dja nhiet cao hon ning lugng truyin thing, nen khai thie dja nhiet ehi ed hieu qui kinh te d eic viing niii lira boat ddng v i rift Ngay nay, vdi nhirng tuu cdng nghe mdi dang md trien vgng ldn vl ning cung cip ning lugng, hieu qui khai thie v i md rdng pham vi iing dung: 167 Tiiu ban: Cdc Khoa hgc vi Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8 1) Di phdt diin bang cdng nghe mdi sir dung tuabin hai ehu ky ORC vi Kalina chi cin ngudn dja nhiet 100°C (cdng nghe cii -tuabin hoi nude can nhiet >180°C), md ning khai thie cic ngudn dja nhiet nhiet the thap phin bd rdng rai d nhilu noi 2) Sir dung true tiip cdc ngudn nude ndng cho sin xuit, sinh boat, hip din du ljeh, 3) Sir dung nhiet ndng ngudn dja nhiet a tdng trung hda nhiet dual mat ddt (nhiet ddt) cdng nghi "Bam nhiet ddt - (GSHP) " cho diiu hda khdng li mot giii phip tiet kiem ning lugng hieu qui nhit vi giim thieu phit thii CO2, Viet Nam, vin de dinh gii tiem ning vi tien tdi khai thie cic ngudn ning lugng mdi tii tao vi cac giii phip tiet kiem ning lugng nhiing nim tdi li mdt nhiem vu cip thiet Dilu kien dja chit -kien tao eho thiy, lanh thd Viet Nam khdng nim viing cd tiem ning eao vl dja nhiet, nhung di phit hien duge tren 200 diem Id nude ndng den rit ndng ehirng td nguIn dja nhiet rit phong phu [1] Cic ket qui dinh gii tiern ning ngudn dja nhi?t edn rit kem tin cay, chua cap nhit dugc cic cdng nghe mdi tren the gidi nen chua de xuat day dii cic giii phap khai thae sir dung ngudn tii nguyen dja nhiet - mdt ngudn nang lugng sach tii tao quy gii de phuc vu cho phit trien kinh te xa hgi Bii viet gidi thieu mdt sd quan diem mdi ve dinh gii tiem ning khai thie su dung dja nhiet tren the gidi, din chirng mdt sd dir lieu the hien tiem ning eic ngudn dja nhiet vi hieu qui tiet kiem ning lugng eiia cdng nghe bom dja nhiet dieu hda khdng de minh chirng trien vgng khai thie dja nhiet cho phit trien ngudn ning lugng saeh d Viet Nam I Ve tiem nang khai thac sii dung dja nhiet tren the gidi / Di phdt diin: Trudc diy, khai thae dja nhiet de phit dien chi duge quan tim den eic ngudn nhiet the {Enthalpy) eao, phin bd viing nui lira hoat ddng va rift, edng suit tiem nang dugc dinh gia khoang 140 GWe, hien di dugc khai thie de phit dien d tren 20 nude vdi edng suit hon 9.000 MWe, sin lugng dien dat duge khoing 33.000 TWh mdi nim Ket qui nghien ciru sir phin bd nhiet ldng dit hien ciing vdi cic cdng nghe phit dien d nhiet thip (100°C) bing Uirbin hai ehu ky ORC vi Kalina cho ning thue hi'^n d pham vi rat rdng, khdng chi gidi ban cie vanh dai nui lira boat ddng vi rift Tai lieu thue te cho thiy, d dieu kien binh thudng mirc ting nhiet (gradient) theo chieu siu vao ldng dit trung binh li 25 -30°C/ km, vdi nhiet trung binh mat dit li 15°C, nhiet dat tdi 90°C - 105°C d siu 3.000m, da ed dieu kien de khai thie cho phit dien Ngoii ra, cie viing boat ddng magma, kieri tao tich cue tao dieu kien hinh thinh vi ton tai eic nguln/he dja nhiet nhiet eao vi phin bd ndng thuin lgi eho khai thie Tren co sd dd, tilm nang dja nhiet tdi siu km ed kha nang cho khai thac hien danh gii dugc li 43.000.000 EJ (Exa-Jun) tuong duong 1.200.000.000 TWh [2], li nguIn ning lugng tii tao vd eiing ldn so vdi trii lugng tdng cdng eiia tit ci cic ngudn ning lugng hda thach (diu lira, thien nhien, than di) la 36.373 EJ, tuong duong 1.000.000 TWh Vdi nang cdng nghe hien ed eho ning khai thie mdt phan rit nhd ngudn ning lugng dja nhiet niy (100°C d sau km eiing li viing tiem nang va trien vgng ldn khai thae nang lugng dja nhiet tuong lai {Hinh I) [3] Hien cdng suit lip dat dien dja nhiet d My li 2.534 MWe eho sin lugng dien 17.840 GWh/1 nim Theo cic quan dilm mdi Vien Cdng nghe Massaehusett (MIT) danh gii tilm nang dja nhiet eua nude My d sau din 10 km li 13.000.000 EJ, mot phin rit nhd ed dilu kien dl khai thac su dung tuong lai li 200.000 EJ cung di gip 2.000 lin 168 Hgi nghi Khoa hoc kv niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10'2010 tdng ning lugng so cip cua nude My nim 2005 Nude My dang diu tu cic nghien cim trien khai de dat muc tieu khai thie dat edng suit phat dien 100.000 MWe tir ning lugng dja nhiet vio nam 2050, chuong trinh khdng chi gdp phin giii quyet an ninh ning lugng mi cdn la mdt giii phip thiet thue phat trien nang lugng sach de giim lugng phit thii giy bien ddi hiu [2] Sir dung true tiip nhiet ndng dja nhiet bao gdm ngudn nude ndng va ngudn dja nhiet nhiet thip cdn ggi li nhiet ddt Ngudn nude ndng ehi xuit Id ban che d mdt sd it noi, dd ngudn nhiet dit -tang trung hda nhiet tdn tai dudi mat dit d mgi noi ed nhiet eao hon khdng ve miia ddng va thip hon ve miia he li mdt kho lim trii nhiet vd ciing ldn, de dang khai thie bing edng nghe bom nhiet dit {Ground Source Heat Pump -GSHP) de dieu hda khdng (sudi im ve miia ddng lam mit ve miia he) Hien cdng nghe niy da duge phd bien rgng rii tir quy md gia dinh den thuong mai d My, Chiu Au, Trung Qude vi nhieu nude khac vdi tdng edng suit lip dit gin 20.000 MWt vdi sin lugng hon 220.000 TJ/ nim da cho thiy diy li mdt giii phip tiet kiem 30 -50% ve ehi phi eiing nhu ning lugng vi giim thii giy d nhiem mdi trudng [2, 4] 60* 70" 80' 100" 90* 110" 120' VO' I'-O' '•'-'• •f^ i—^r s^^ 150" 160* 170* 180" 0bi*^ -_*••*&-/.fitTl 30' ^ - ^ ^ - f 20' •^ a ^,V'€ ' ' * V V - *V4A - V1# ' ''«^ _ - •% j 4S -20' -.- - = mW/m^ j f l , jiojao 1201160 200j *r? ,, t i '* t CO' 70' 80' , x 100' 110" 120' 130" V.O" 150' 100' ^ -20- ,.ôã ., i 1^.^ W ã s 170' -30' 18G' A heat flow contour map in Asia (L"iiivcrsir\- of Nortli Dakota, ZOOS') Hinh Bdn ddng nhiet thi hiin tiitn ndng khai thdc dja nhiet a Chdu A [3] Ghi chu: Cdc duang khoanh mdu sdng chi thi viing cd ddng nhiet lan han 80 mW/m dgt nhiet >100°C a sdu km II Ve tiem nang khai thac sir dung va nhu cau nghien ciru dja nhiet d Viet Nam Tiim ndng cho phdt triin diin dja nhiet: Tren bin the gidi vi Chau A, linh thd Viet Nam ed tilm ning dja nhiet chi d mirc trung binh, nhung theo dieu tra da phit hien dugc tren 200 diem Id nude ndng den rit ndng tren khip linh thd [ ] chimg td ngudn dja nhiet rit phong phu 169 Tiiu ban: Cdc Khoa hoc ve Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8 - Bing phuong phip dja nhiet ke hda bge da dinh gii dugc nhiet bdn nhiet d eic dilm nude rat ndng (>60°C) d viing Trung Bd (Kim Di - Nghe An, Son Kim - Ha TTnh, Bang - Quing Binh, Huyen Cd - Quing Tri, Duong Hda - Hul, Md Dire, Nghia Thing Quing Ngii, Hdi Vin - Binh Djnh, Tu Bdng, Dinh Thanh - Khinh Hda, ) dat 130 - 180°C, vdi tilm ning phat dien du bio 15 - 20 MWe tai moi noi [5] - Tir eic nghien cim dia nhiet tham dd diu da xie djnh duge cie viing dj thudng ddng nhiet cao hon 100 mW/m^ d phin ddng nam ddng bing Sdng Hdng vi them luc dja phia Ddng Nam {Hinh 2) - Cic ket qui nghien cim ddng nhiet mdt sd Id khoan dja chit thuy van d Trung Bd vi Tiy Nguyen ciing eho thiy xuit hien di thudng ddng nhiet cao nhu: Hul (106 - 143 mW/m^), Quing Ngai (90 - 120 mW/m^), Cdng Tum (86 Hinh Dj thuang ddng nhiet tren lanh thd Viet - 108 mW/m^) {Hinh 2) Nam Chii gidi: - Vj tri Id khoan ddng Cic sd lieu tren diy la nhiing dau nhiet; - Gid trj ddng nhiet, mW/m ; hieu chirng td d nude ta cd cic ngudn Viing nghiin cim ddng nhiet trung Sdng Hdng dja nhiet cd dieu kien khai thie nhu viing tiem ning dja nhiet Chiu A Cic vj tri dj thudng ddng nhiet vi xuit Id nude ndng ed mdi lien quan chit ehe vdi cae dieu kien dja chit -kien tao Tiim ndng sir dung nuac ndng: Vdi hon 200 diem Id nude ndng xuit Id di dugc sir dung tir lau din gian de tim ndng chiia benh, ddng chai, say ndng sin thue phim, hip dan khich du lich nude vi qude te Tiim ndng sir dung nhiet ddt vd cdng nghi bam dja nhiet diiu hda khdng tiit kiim ndng lugng: Nude ta thudc vimg hiu nhiet ddi, miia he ndng im keo dii hon thing nim nhiet tren 30°C, miia ddng dudi 20°C nen nhu ciu dieu hda khdng rit ldn De dinh gii tiem ning va hieu qui ip dung cdng nghe bom dja nhiet se din chirng mot sd ket qua nghien cim budc diu ed duge d viing ddng bing Sdng Hdng [6] Ket qui earota nhiet trong cae Id khoan dja chit thuy vin d viing ddng bing Sdng Hdng eho thiy, d siu tir 10 - 15 m den 60 - 80 m la ting trung hda nhiet ed nhiet tuong ddi dn djnh, dao ddng khoing 25 - 26°C phan bd rdng rai d mgi noi {Hinh 3) Sir chenh lech nhiet giira tang trung hda nhiet vi nhiet khdng vimg li tien de de ip dung edng nghe bom nhiet dat Ning lugng tiem ning danh gii dugc tir ket qui do dan nhiet eiia dit da trim tich De Tir - Neogen, nude ngim ting trung hda nhiet cd gia trj trung binh A, = 1,8 -2,3 W/m.K, nhiet lugng m khoan siu li 55 - 70 W, cho mot lo ichoan siu 60rn se ed ning cip 3.300 - 4.200 W Vdi tiem ning nhiet va dieu kien dja chit viing rit thuin lgi cho viec trien khai ip dung edng nghe bom nhiet dit phuc "voi dilu hda khdng tiet kiem ning lugng thay eho he thdng dieu hda khdng hien tieu tin ning lugng va ban che tie ddng xiu den mdi trudng xung quanh 170 HOI nghi Khoa hgc ki' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010 T