Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo CAC YEU TO DjA KY THUAT ANH HUIDNG TOfl VIEC LUA CHON HE THONG KHAI THAC CAC MO THAN LO THIEN VUNG QUANG NINH Most of the open pit coal mines in Quang Ninh area have be[.]
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o CAC YEU TO DjA KY THUAT ANH HUIDNG TOfl VIEC LUA CHON HE THONG KHAI THAC CAC MO THAN LO THIEN VUNG QUANG NINH Most of the open pit coal mines in Quang Ninh area have been operating under complicated natural conditions with many faults, fractured zones and easily weathered rocks For increasing open pit coal mining efficiency It Is necessary to evaluate the effects of the geoteehnical factors and consider them as a basis for selecting a mining system suitable to the selected mining equipment I Oat van de He thd'ng khai thac (HTKT) md Id thien la trinh tU hoan cdng tae md Id thien gidi ban mdt khai trUdng hoae mpt khu vUe cua khai trudng He thdng dd can phai dam bao eho md Id thien hoat ddng dugc an toan, kinh te, dam bao san lUdng theo yeu cau, thu hdi td'i da trCf lupng Idng da't, bao ve an toan cho Idng dat va mdi trUdng xung quanh Tuy theo ca'u true via, trinh tu phat trien eua cdng trinh md, vj tri eua bai thai va phUdng thCfe van tai ma md ed cae HTKT khae nhau: khai thac cd (khdng) xudng sau Dpc (ngang) mdt (hai) bd edng tac; thai ngoai (trong) Cae thdng sd ed ban cua HTKT bao gdm: Chieu eao tang khai thae, ehieu rdng mat tang edng tae, chieu dai tuyen cdng tac, chieu dai ludng xCie, ehieu rdng dai kha'u, chieu rdng dai van chuyen, dai bao ve, gde nghieng cCia sudn tang va bd md Cac thdng sd cua HTKT phu thudc vao dieu kien dja chat, loai thie't bj sCf dung, cdng ThS DO NGOC TLfdC KS Dl/ONG TRUNG TAM KS TA MINH DLfC KS.LE BAPHL/C Vien Khoa hgc Cong nghe Mo - TKV sua't md yeu cau Tai eae md than Id thien vung Quang Ninh, mdt khau edng nghe vdi eung mdt he thdng va cac thdng sd khai thae ed nhieu loai thiet bj vdi edng sua't khae cung hoat ddng nen chua phat huy het kha nang lam viec Trong bai bao nay, eae tae gia se danh gia anh hudng cua dieu kien dja - ky thuat tdi he thdng va cae thdng sd eua he thdng khai thae Dd la ed sd de lUa chpn HTKT, cac thdng sd cua HTKT va thiet bj lam viec phu hdp II Anh hirdng cua cac yeu to tir nhien den he thong khai thac Anh hwang cua yeu to the nam cua via than den he thong khai thac Khoang sang than Viet Nam ndi chung va khu vUc Quang Ninh ndi rieng deu cd dae diem phan bd "tren sudn nui - dUdi moong sau" Truf lupng than tap trung chu yeu b phan sau, dat bde tap trung d cac tang phfa tren Can eCf vao gde dde cua via ed the phan chia nhdm sau: KHCNM s o 5/2010* CNKT L O Nhdm 1: Cae via than ed THI6N gde dde tCf 20-^40° (dang ddn ta, via ddc nghieng) dien hinh eho dang phan bd la cac tap via Deo Nai, Canh Nam via 13, 14 XN than 917 Cac via thude khoang sang Khanh Hoa, via 7, Ha Tu Nhdm 2: Cac via than ed dang dpng tu hoan ehinh (ca'u tao Idng chao), dien hinh cho dang eau tao la cac via 16 via tru Ha Tu, via 14 Nui Beo Nhdm 3: Cae via than cd dang ddng tu khdng hoan chinh (nep Idi, nep Idm) dac trung la via G.ll Cpc Sau (khu Ta Ngan), tap via 13, 14 Cao Sdn, tap via Khe Cham II Dac tfnh ndi bat cua dang phan bd la theo hudng dde, gde dde eua via lien tue thay ddi Viee lua chpn HTKT dupc quyet dinh bdi gdc cam eua via va hudng phat trien theo phUdng via Can eCf vao gdc cam cua via cd the lUa chpn dang HTKT dien hinh ap dung cho cae nhdm md: HTKT xudng sau dpc bd cdng tac; HTKT xudng sau dpc bd edng tac Anh hudng cua dieu kien thuy van den he thong khai thac Dac diem dieu kien thu^ van vung Quang Ninh la mUa Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o mua nhiet ddi: mua mUa bat dau tCf thang den thang 10; mua khd tU thang 11 den thang Mua mua day md Id thien vung Quang Ninh deu ngap nude Anh hudng eua nUde mat, nudc ngam gay ngap lut day md mdt thdi gian khdng nhung lam giam tde dp dao sau, san lUdng khai thac hang nam ma edn gay lang dpng bun da't d day md Iam giam hieu qua vet bun, gay lay ldi day md dan den giam nang sua't cua thiet bi xuc bde va van tai Nude ngam, dac biet la nude cd ap dupc tri va bao tdn cao qua trinh dao sau c6 anh hudng dac biet den chieu eao dn dinh eua bd md, giam cac thdng sd hinh hpe cua HTKT nhU gde dde sUdn tang, chieu eao tang, ehieu rdng mat tang gay khd khan cho qua trinh hoat ddng cua thiet bj va dan den giam hieu qua khai thae Tuy thude vao ki'ch thudc day md, yeu cau khd'i lupng md cd the sCf dung HTKT vdi day md hai cap va nhieu cap ed anh hudng dac biet den kfeh thudc va cac thdng sd eua day md hai cap, cung nhu td'c dp va san lUpng khai thac cua md * HTKT sir dung day mo nhieu cap Vdi chieu dai day md Idn phu hpp nhat la chia day nhieu cap khai thae Cap tha'p nha't la ndi ehCfa bun nudc cudi cung trude mua dao sau Cae cap khac khai thac phu hpp vdi trinh tu phat trien cdng trinh md Sd dd nguyen ly the hien day md nhieu cap dupe gidi thieu tren hinh III Anh hiTdng cua dieu kien dja ky thuat tdi cac thong so cija he thong khai thac 1) Anh hwong cua tinh chat CO ly cua dat da den chieu cao tang a) Chieu cao tang dat da nguyen khoi Tfnh chat ed ly eua da't da la mdt yeu td quan trpng anh hudng tdi hieu qua san xua't eCia md Id thien Su anh hudng phan anh true tiep qua cae thdng sd HTKT Cae thdng sd HTKT chju sU anh hudng tfnh chat ed ly cua dat da gdm: Chieu eao tang khai thac; gdc nghieng sUdn tang; gdc nghieng bd edng tac; goc nghieng bd dCfng Theo Vien Dja ed hpc va Trac dja Md Cdng hoa Lien bang Nga (BNIMI) chieu cao gidi ban eua tang dat da nguyen khd'i tao gdc ddc sudn tang bang gdc ddc cua Idp (a = P) p > p' dupe xae dinh theo edng thCfc: //,„.-, C'.cosp' /.cosfi.s'mifi-p') =- il-^tgatg/3) (m) * HTKT sir dung day mo cap Trong dieu kien cCia Viet Nam day tha'p chi boat ddng vao mua khd, mua mUa trd hd chufa nUdc, cdn day eao thi boat ddng quanh nam Vi vay quan he ve chieu dai giu'a hai day eho bao dam su nhjp nhang eCia cdng trinh md tren day ea nam (hinh 1) Hinhl Sa nguyen ly cua day mo cap Hinh Sa nguyen ly eua day mo nhieu cap TCf tren eho tha'y lupng mUa KHCNM s o 5/2010* CNKT LQ THI£N (1) Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o Trong dd: C - LUc dinh ket cua mat yeu khdi da (tan/m^); p'- Gde npi ma sat eCia mat yeu khdi da (dp); a- Gde nghieng sUdn tang (dp); p- Gdc dde cua Idp da (dp); y- Khdi lUdng rieng cua da't da (tan/m^) Theo dd, yeu td ed ly eua dat da ed anh hudng cd ban den chieu eao tang gidi han gdm: Dp ben khang cat cua da't da (the hien qua hai thdng sd lUc dinh ket C va gde ndi ma sat p', khdi lupng rieng cua da't day Bieu hinh the hien ket qua tinh toan xac dinh chieu eao gidi ban eat tang theo mat Idp vdi cae gia trj khae eua p' (p' = 10^20°) C = ta'n/m^ a = p = 40°, y = 2,5 t a n / m l - ' Qua bieu hinh 3, ta thay rang ehieu eao tang ed quan he ty le thuan vdi gde npi ma sat va lue dinh ket eua da't da; dieu kien cu the gde ndi ma sat va lUc dfnh ket eua da't da eang Idn thi ehieu eao tang Idn nha't dam bao an toan eang Idn va ngUdc lai Theo yeu td tU nhien, gdc nghieng bd edng tae va bd ket thCie phu thudc vao tinh chat cd ly cCia da't da theo quan he Hinh Quan he giiia ehieu eao tang va goc npi ma sat eua dat da Hinh Do thf mdi quan he giiJta ehieu cao tang vdi kha nang xuc cua may xuc KHCNM SO 5/2010* CNKT LO JtUpN ddng bien Khi dp ben tang thi gdc ddc bd cdng tae, bd ke't thCic tang va ngUdc lai Ngoai ra, theo yeu td tu nhien thi gdc ddc bd cdng tac va gde ddc bd ke't thue cdn phu thupe vao edng nghe va ehieu sau khai thac b) Chieu cao tang dat da no min: Trong dieu kien da't da nd min, ehieu cao cua tang dUde xae dinh nhu sau: /7 = 0,7.(3 s'ma.s'm/] (2) K,.jj'.(\+rj").sm{a-fi) Trong dd: a = 0,8.(R,+Rd): Chieu rpng ddng da sau nd (m); Rx, Ra' Ban kfnh xCic va dd eua may xCic (m); K • He sd nd rdi eCia dat da nd Hinh Bleu quan he phu thugc cua ehieu cao tang vao luc dinh ket eua dat da Hinh Quan he phu thugc cua chieu cao tang vao chieu rpng ddng da no Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o ^75- < m 70 • ^ 30 65 -; 25 - M^ 60 20 16 20 25 • [-•—A= 1,5.Rxt j - » - A = 1,7.Rxt _ ^ 15 • 10 ^ Z ^ 30 T(m) 10 15 20 Rxt(m) Hinh 7.Bieu quan he giQa chieu rpng dai van tai va ehieu rpng mat tang cong tae mm; w_ 0,55^0,70 h h_ 0,75^0,85 vdi W la W dudng khang ehan tang (m); b la khoang each giu'a cae hang Id khoan, m; a la khoang each giu'a cac Id khoan (m); a, p: Gde nghieng sudn tang va sudn ddng da nd (dp) 2) Anh huong kha nang lam viec cua cac thiei bj den cac thong so HTKT a) Chieu rpng cong tac mat tang Chieu rpng mat tang edng tac la mdt phan quan trpng eua he thd'ng khai thae Chieu rpng mat tang edng tac phai du de chufa ddng da nd min, dai da't de bd tri dUdng van tai, dudng day cap dien ddng lUc thap sang va cac khoang each an toan Chieu rdng mat tang cdng tae ehiu anh hudng eua eae yeu td ky thuat nhu: ehieu eao tang, thie't bj tham gia edng tac, thdng sd mang khoan nd min, dang dai kha'u va dieu kien ve an toan(hinh 7) b) Chieu rpng dai khau Chieu rpng dai kha'u hay chieu rdng bide nd phu Hinh Bieu si/phu thugc cua chieu rpng dai khau vao ban kfnh may xuc thude chu yeu vao thdng sd va kieh thudc khai trUdng va bj lam viee eCia thiet bj xuc bdc, anh hUdng bdi cac yeu td ky hinh thCfc van ehuyen sCf dung thuat nhu san lupng md, chieu va phUdng phap khai thae dai ludng xuc, nang sua't may Chieu rpng cua dai kha'u phu xuc, dieu kien boat dpng eua thude vao ban kfnh xCie va cac thiet bj van ehuyen dugc the hien tren hinh Chieu dai eCia tuyen cdng Khi tien hanh xuc bang tac nhd nha't dugc coi la hdp ly nhieu ludng xuc thi chieu rdng nhDng dieu kien tu nhien, eua dai kha'u dam bao nd ky thuat eu the nd dam bao ehieu rdng eua ddng da san lupng eho ke hoach eua no bang n (n la sd nguyen) lan md, td'c dp phat trien binh ehieu rdng ludng xCie (hinh 9) thudng cua tuyen cdng tac va Mat khae, xac djnh chieu ehi phf cho xCic bdc va van rdng dai kha'u eung can quan ehuyen la nhd nha't Khi van tam den sd lupng hang chuyen bang dtd, chieu dai nd, kfeh thude dudng tuyen edng tae hdp ly theo dieu khang chan tang va khoang kien kinh te ky thuat dupc trinh each giCfa eae hang bay tren bang c) Chieu dai tuyen cong tac Bang 1: Chieu dai tuyen eong Trong mdt md nha't djnh, tae hgp ly vdi chieu sau mo hudng phat trien eua edng Chieu dai Chieu sau trinh md khdng the chpn y TT tuyen cong mo, m Tuy theo vj trf, ca'u tao, hudng tac, m djch ehuyen eua khdi lupng 50H-150 800+1500 md, phUdng phap chat hang, 150^250 1100+1800 sd lupng Id'i cCia phUdng 1300+3000 250+350 tien van tai md va theo dae tfnh chuyen ddng cua phUdng Khi van chuyen bang dtd tien van tai ma tuyen edng tac ehieu dai tuyen cdng tac dugc phan biet nhUsau: khdng nen vUpt qua 3+5 lan Chieu dai cua tuyen edng tae phu thudc vao hinh dang KHCNM SO 5/2010* CNKT LO THIEN chieu dai ludng xCie Khi giam cUdng dp khai thac khoang ^ T h o n g t i n khoa hpc cong nghe m o Chieu dai bide xuc phu thupe vao nang sua't lam viee eua may xCie, hinh thCfc van ehuyen sCf dung tren tang Hinh Bieu dd quan he giita ehieu rpng dong da no va chieu rpng dai khau Chieu dai hdp ly cCia bide xCie phai dam bao khdi lupng da't da nd eho may xCie lam viec thdi ban quy dinh va d u trCf can sang, khdng du sd lupng thiet thiet: bj hoae sCf dung nd khdng T f hieu qua, giam ehieu cao tang (m) (4) L = A.h ' so vdi trj sd dam bao bd tri hpp ly cae may xuc thi xay Trong dd: Q^ng- Nang suat trudng hop L, > f.N^.L^ la anh eua may xCic, m^/ngay, hudng cua nang sua't may xuc Tng- Sd may xuc xuc het de'n ehieu dai tuyen cdng tac ddng da nd min, T^g = 12+15 dupc the hien thdng qua sd ngay, f- He sd dU truT nang lupng may xuc can thie't dam sua't may xuc, f = 1,2; AChieu rpng dai kha'u no bao hoan khdi lUdng (m)(hinh 10) bdc da hoae khai thae hang e) Gdc nghieng b&cong tac nam Q^ = L,.Vt.h Khi nang sua't ea trung binh cDa may Gdc nghieng bd cdng tae xuc Qc (mVca) va sd ca lam ed y nghTa quan trpng ddi vdi viec nam N^n thi sd qua trinh khai thae md Viec lupng may can thiet la: thay ddi gdc nghieng bd edng tae cd anh hudng true tiep tdi f.L^.h.V, (may) (3) A^ = ke hoach bde da't qua trinh khai thac md Khi tang d) Chieu dai bloc xuc gdc nghieng bd edng tae thi mdt phan khdi lUdng dat da bdc dugc day ve giai doan san xua't sau, dieu mang lai hieu qua kinh te khdng nhd giam dugc ehi phf dau t u ban dau, ap dung dugc tien bd khoa hpc cdng nghe va kha nang dieu hanh san xua't Gdc nghieng bd cdng tae trudng hpp tdng quat dupc xac dinh theo bieu thCfc sau: "^B (p = arcctg +ni.hctga (do) n,.h (5) Neu ehieu rdng cae tang edng tae bang va bang B^inthi: W^-8™n+(«, -W^-lfe n,.h (p = arcctg- + "ih^lK^idg) (6) Trong dd: n, - Sd tang ed tren bd md; B; - Chieu rdng cua mat tang thCf (i) tinh tU dudi len (m); m^ - Sd tang dang boat ddng; B^in- Chieu rdng mat tang cdng tac tdi thieu (m); B^- Chieu rdng mat tang tam dCfng (m) 35 § 22 •B 20 25 B 18 :§ g 16 S 20 ;^ 15 Dl 14 ã c Đ 12- 10 10 15 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Chi^u rpng mSt ting cong tac Bmin (m) Hinh 10 Anh hudng cua chieu rpng mat tang cong tae tdi gdc nghieng bd cong tac KHCNM SO 5/2010* CNKT LO THifiN 20 25 C h i l u cao t i n g H (m) Hinh 11 Bleu doanh hudng cua ehieu cao tang tdi gde nghieng bd cong tac Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o Qua edng thCfc tren ed the thay rang gde nghieng bd cdng tac chju anh hudng cd ban cCia hai yeu td: Chieu rpng mat tang edng tae va chieu cao tang (hinh 10,11) Ngoai ra, phUdng phap tie'n hanh khai thac eung la mdt yeu td quyet djnh tdi gde nghieng bd cdng tae 3)Anh huang cua phuang phap khai thac den gdc nghieng bdcong tac PhUdng phap khai thae ed anh hudng Idn nhat den gdc nghieng bd cdng tac Khi ta't ea cac tang tren bd edng tae deu la tang cdng tac va sCf dung dai kha'u thdng tang, thi ehieu rdng cua bd la Idn nhat va gde nghieng bd cdng tae la nhd nha't, xac djnh theo bieu thCfc: mat tang cdng tae sCf dung dai kha'u thdng tang va giai kha'u cut (m); h - Chieu cao tang (m); a - Gdc nghieng sudn tang (dp) Hien hau bet cac md Id thien Idn d nUdc ta va tren the gidi deu ap dung cdng nghe khai thac vdi gdc dde bd cdng tae Idn sCf dung he thdng khai thae dpc, bd md chia nhieu nhdm tang, nhdm tien hanh kha'u dudi hoac kha'u lan lupt tutren xud'ng dudi Vdi Sd he thdng khai thae dpc, bd md chia nhieu nhdm tang, sCf dung hinh thCfe kha'u dudi sCf dung dai kha'u thdng tang gdc nghieng bd cdng tae trudng hpp la: k.B^,+in,-\-k).B^, ip^, = arcctg ( n,.h {n,-])B,,-\-n,hctgx , q\ ^arcctk' ' " ' ^,(do) n^hctga (7) LTu die'm eCia phUdng phap la du truf san xua't Idn, giao thdng van tai thdng thoang Tuy nhien, phai bdc trudc mdt khd'i lUdng dat da khdng can thiet - Khi sCf dung dai kha'u cut, thi chieu rdng mat tang cdng tac thu hep hdn so vdi kha'u thdng tang Trong trUdng hdp gdc nghieng bd cdng tac dupc nang Ien dang ke so vdi kha'u thdng tang va dupe xac djnh: in,-l)B,,,