M{2), 119 123 Tap chi CAC KHOA HOC vg TRAI BAT 6 2008 ANH HirdNG CUA CU, PB, ZN DEN SINH TRUING VA TICH LUY CHUNG TRONG RAU XA LACH NGUYEN XUAN CU I MO DAU Ngay nay 0 nhidm da''''t va thyc phdm dang trd[.]
M{2), 119-123 Tap chi CAC KHOA HOC vg TRAI BAT 6-2008 ANH HirdNG CUA CU, PB, ZN DEN SINH TRUING VA TICH LUY CHUNG TRONG RAU XA LACH NGUYEN XUAN CU I MO DAU Dat thi nghiem Ngay nhidm da't va thyc phdm dang trd vdn dd thdi sy thu but nhidu nha khoa hgc vd ngoai nude nghien eiru Mdt nhirng va'n dd duge chu y nhidu nha't la d nhidm da't eae kim loai nang ed ngudn gd'c tir nudc thai dd thj vd cac ldng nghd ed dde tinh eao va dd gay dde bai eho eon ngudi thdng qua chudi thirc an Da't thi nghiem la ddt phil sa khdng duge bdi hang nam thudc be thd'ng sdng Hdng, Idy tai viing trdng rau thudc xa Vinh Quynh, Thanh Tri, Ha Ndi Mdt sd tinh cha't eua ddt nghien ciru nhu sau : CEC 23 cmol/kg, pH (KCl) 6,15, miin tdng sd 2,44 %, N tdng sd0,32%, P2O5 tdng ,sd0,19%,K2O tdng sd 1,02%, Cu tdng sd 21,29 ppm, Cu^"" linh ddng 13,38 ppm, Pb tdng sd 57,16 ppm, Pb^"" linh ddng (CH3COONH4 Rau xanh ndi chung, rau xd laeh (Lactuca sativa IN) 1,88 ppm, Zn tdng sd 81,27 ppm, Zn^"" linh L) ndi rieng duge sir dung rdt phd bidn bira ddng (KCl IN) 7,24 ppm an hang ciia ngudi dan Viet Nam Chiing la nhirng cay trdng an la ed kha nang tieh IQy eao cac Phuang phap bd tri thi nghiem nguyen td kim loai nang Do vay, nhidu nghien cim Da't la'y vd phoi khd khdng khi, dap nhd, Udn ddu nudc cQng nhu ngoai nude da canh bao miic vdi phan bdn vd cde ehd't gay d nbidm tuong img eho dd nguy hai eiia cac loai rau khdng an toan hing cdng thuc thi nghiem Qio ddt vao chau biia an hang cila ngudi dan tich luy cao (5 kg da't/cbau), tudi nudc ddn dd a'm 70-75 % dd trir cac kim loai nang ixn cue dai, dd qua dem rdi gieo hat rau xd laeh Nghien cim vd kha nang hut thu va cac giai phap Cdng thire dd'i chung (ndn) : ddt ndn duge bdn nhdm giam thidu sy tich Itiy kim loai nang cay phan ure (NH2)2CO va kali sulphat K2SO4 tuong trdng ndi ehung, dae biet la nhiing loai rau xanh duge irng vdi lugng bdn 75 kg N vd 30 kg K20^a sii dung ra't phd bidn nhu xa laeh se ed y nghia thyc tidn ldn, gdp phdn san xudt rau an toan cung cdp Cae cdng thire thi nghiem gay nhidm kim loai d cho tieu diing bang eila ngudi dan eae miic ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm va 200 ppm (dd'i vdi Cu va Pb) ; ppm, 100 ppm, 300 ppm va 500 Xua't phat tir vdn di tren, nghien ciru nham ppm (dd'i vdi Zn) Hda chdt gay nhidm Cu^*, Pb^*, danh gia anh hudng eiia cac kim loai nang Cu, Pb, Zn^"" la CUSO4, Pb(N03)2 va ZnS04 Cae eOng thire Zn de'n sinh trudng vd xae djnh kha nang but thu thi nghiem duge bd tri nhu d hdng kim loai nang ciia rau xa laeh d cde lidu lugng gay nhidm khae Bdng CSc cong thure thi nghiem bon Cu, Pb va Zn II DOI TUCpNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtF /, CSy rau xa laeh (Lactuca sativa L.) Xa laeh la mdt loai cay rau ngdn ngay, cd thdi gian sinh trudng khoang 45-55 ngay, nhiet dd thich hgp 10-16 °C nen thudng trdng vu ddng vao thdi gian tir thang ddn thang nam sau Cdng thire CTO cri cn cr3 N+K20 Luong bdn cae kim loai (ppm)* Cu Pb Zn (kg/ha) 0 75-H30 75-1-30 50 50 100 75-1-30 100 100 300 75-1-30 200 200 500 * Cac cdng thiie bdn Cu, Pb, Zn bd tri rieng re 119 Theo doi thi nghiim va Idy miu nghiin cuu Theo ddi sinh trudng eiia cay rau d cac cdng thirc thi nghiem vdi eae chi sd chidu cao eay va nang sua't kbi thu hoach, Idy mdu da't phan tich sau 45 gieo trdng Phuangphap phSn tich trongphong thinghiem Xac djnh eae ehi tieu boa hgc da't bang cae phuong phap pH(KCl) bdng may pH, CEC theoSehachtsehabel, miin tdng ,sd (ts) theo WalkleyBlaek, N-ts theo Kjeldahl, P-ts bang so mdu xanh molipden, K-ts bang quang kd nggn liia, eae kim loai nang (Cu, Pb, Zn) xae djnh bang phuong phap quang phd ha'p thu nguyen tir (AAS) III KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU Khae vdi nhiing anh hudng ciia lugng bdn Cu ddn sinh trudng eiia rau xa laeh, kbi lugng bdn Cu tang len ddng thdi cung lam tang dang kd lugng tich luy Cu rau Khi lugng bdn Cu tang ttr ppm len 50 ppm, 100 ppm va 200 ppm, ham lugng Cu rau eiing tang len tuong img ttr 2,25 ppm len 3,04 ppm, 3,33 ppm va 4,26 ppm Cd thd tha'y ro ban nhirng tac ddng khae eua lugng bdn Cu ddn chidu cao eay, sinh khd'i va sy tich luy Cu cay rau xa laeh nhu trinh bdy d hinh 100 VA T H A O LUAN / Anh hudng cua luang bon Cu den sinh trudng va tich luy Cu rau xa laeh CTO CTl CT2 CT3 Ke't qua xac dinh anh huong cua lugng bdn Cu ddn sinh trudng va tich luy rau xa laeh thi nghiem trinh bdy bdng (cac sd' lieu bai tinh theo cha't tuoi) Hinh Anh hudng ciia lugng bdn Cu ddn chidu cao cdy, sinh khd'i va Cu tich luy cay Ghi chu (hinh 1-3): Sinh khd'i (g/chau), Chidu cao (cm), Cu (hoae Pb, Zn) rau (ppm) Bdng Anh hudng ciia luong bon Cu den sinh trudng va tich luy Cu rau xa laeh Anh huong cua luong bon Pb den sinh trudng va tich lOy Pb rau xa laeh Cdng '-""'^ thurc CTO CTl CT2 CT3 Chidu cao eay cm % 11,4 11,0 9,6 6,9 100 97 85 61 Nang suit Ham lugng Cu ^ rau g/ehau % ppm % 93,8 82,2 73,8 53,6 100 88 79 57 2.25 3,04 3,33 4.26 100 135 148 189 Kdt qua nghidn cim d bdng cho tha'y lugng bdn Pb cd anh hudng ra't rd dd'n sy sinh trudng va but thu Pb ciia rau xa laeh Khi lugng bdn Pb tang, chidu cao va nang sua't cay ddu giam di kha manh ham lugng Pb rau lai tang len Bdng Anh hudng cOa iucfng bon Pb den sinh trudng va tich luy Pb rau xa Ideh Chidu cao cay % cm Ham lugng Pb rau % ppm _%_ Sd lieu bang cho thdy lugng bdn Cu cd anh hudng kha ro rdt ddn chidu cao cdy rau xa laeh ; giam ddn ttr 11,4 em d cdng thirc khdng bdn Cu (CTO) xud'ng cdn 11,0 cm, 9,6 cm va 6,9 em lugng bdn Cu tang len tuong irng 50 ppm, 100 ppm va 200 ppm Nhu vay d lugng bdn eao nha't (CT3), chidu cao eay rau xa laeh da giam khoang 39 % so vdi dd'i ehirng Cdng thirc Lugng bdn Cu khdng ehi lam giam chidu cao cay, cdn anh hudng manh de'n nang sudt eiia rau xa laeh Ngay d lugng bdn thd'p 50 ppm (CTl) nang sud't rau da giam 12 %, d lugng bdn 100 ppm (Cr2) ndng sua't giam tdi 29 %, cdn d lugng bdn 200 ppm (Cr3) nang sua't rau giam tdi 43% so vdi dd'i chimg khdng bdn Cu (CTO) d lugng bdn Pb 50 ppm (CTl) chidu cao cay giam 12 %, d cdng thirc bdn 100 ppm Pb (CT2) chidu cao cay giam 21 %, nhung d cdng thire bdn 200 ppm Pb, chidu cao cay giam di 41 % so vdi cdng thirc dd'i chiing khdng bdn Pb (CTO) 120 CTO 11,4 c r i 10,0 CT2 8,9 CT3 6,7 100 88 79 59 Nang sua't g/chau 93,8 71,7 38,1 26,7 100 77 41 29 0,12 0,17 0,23 0,30 100 142 192 250 Anh hudng cua lugng bdn Pb dd'n nang sua't rau eung didn theo xu hudng tuong Ur nhu anh hudng de'n chidu cao cay nhung d mure dd manh hon nhidu Ngay d lugng bdn 50 ppm Pb, nang sua't rau da giam 33 % so vdi dd'i ehirng Khi lugng bdn tang len 100 ppm Pb, nang sua't giam 59 %, dae biet d lugng bdn 200 ppm Pb, nang sudt rau da giam ddn 71 % so vdi cdng thirc khdng bdn Pb {hinh 2) lugng bdn 200 ppm Pb, da xua't hien kha ro cac trieu chiing dde bai chi ddi vdi cay xa laeh nhu eay kem phdt trie'n, la nhd vd cd mdu xanh dam Bdng Anh hudng eua luong bon Zn den sinh trudng va tieh luy Zn rau xa laeh Cdng thire Chidu cao eay em % CTO CTl CT2 CT3 11,4 12,0 10,1 9,4 100 105 89 83 Ham lugngZn rau ppm % % Nang iudt g/chau 93,8 96,4 74,5 65,0 100 103 80 69 5,02 6,98 7,08 9,76 100 139 141 194 nhidu Chidu cao va nang sua't rau xa laeh chi tang tuang irng % va % so vdi ddi chimg khdng bdn Zn Didu ndy ed thd duge giai thich vai trd ciia mOt nguyen td dinh duang vi lugng quan trgng nen d lugng bdn thdp dudi 100 ppm,Zn ed tac dung kieh thich su sinh trudng ciia rau xa laeh CTO CTl CT2 CT3 Hinh Anh budng cua lugng bdn Pb de'n chidu eao, nang sua't va ham lugng Pb rau xa laeh Ngugc lai vdi sy anh hudng ciia lugng bdn Pb ddn sinh trudng ciia rau, lugng bdn Pb tang len lam tang sy tich luy Pb rau O lugng bdn 50 ppm Pb (CTl) ham lugng Pb tich luy rau tang 142 %, d lugng bdn 100 ppm Pb (Cr2) bam lugng Pb tich luy rau tang 192 % va d lugng bdn 200 ppm Pb (CT3) bam lugng Pb tieh luy rau tang de'n 250 % so vdi khdng bdn Pb (CTO) Khae vdi nhirng anh hudng ddn sinh trudng cua rau xa laeh, lugng Zn tich luy rau lai ed tuong quan thuan kha chat vdi lugng Zn bdn vao da't cdng thurc khdng bdn Zn, ham lugng Zn rau la 5,02 ppm Khi lugng bdn tang len 100 ppm, 300 ppm va 5(X) ppm, ham lugng Zn rau cung tang len tuong irng la 39 %, 41 % va 94 % so vdi dd'i chimg khdng bdn Zn Hinh cho thdy ro ban anh budng eiia lugng bdn Zn ddn chidu cao eay, nang sua't vd sy tich luy Zn rau xd laeh 100 Anh hudng cua lugng bon Zn den sinh trudng va tich luy Zn rau xa laeh Sd lieu trinh bay o bang eho thay lugng bdn Zn eiing anh hudng ddn sinh trudng va tich luy Zn rau xa lacb Tuy nhien mirc dd anh hudng thd hien ydu hon so vdi lugng bdn Cu va Pb O mire bdn 300 ppm Zn (CT2) chidu cao ciia cay chi giam 11 % va d lugng bdn ra't cao 500 ppm Zn (CT3) chidu cao cay ciing chi giam 17 % so vdi dd'i ehirng khdng bdn Zn (CTO) Tuong ty nhu vay, Zn cQng lam giam nang sua't rau xa laeh d cac lugng bdn cao ttr 300 ppm trd len lugng bdn 300 ppm va 500 ppm, nang sudt rau xa laeh giam di tuong irng la 20 % vd 31 % so vdi dd'i ehirng khdng bdn Zn Dang chil y d lugng bdn 100 ppm Zn ed tac dung lam tang su sinh trudng rau xa laeh nhung khdng CTO CTl CT2 CT3 Hinh Anh hudng eiia lugng bdn Zn dd'n chidu cao, nang sua't va ham lugng Zn rau xa laeh Tuang quan giiira ham luang Cu, Pb, Zn dat va rau Ham lugng kim loai nang da'tva bam lugng tich luy chiing rau ed md'i tuong quan thuan khd chat ehe Sy tuong quan giira ham lugng Cu^*, Pb *, Zn * da't va ham lugng tieh IQy chiing rau xa laeh ciing didn theo mdt xu hudng ehung, nghia la ham lugng d ddt tang len thi sy tieh luy rau cung tang len {bdng 5) 121 10 Bdng Tuong quan giOra Cu", Pb", Z n " dat va rau xa ISch (ppm) la cay( Ham luong Ham luong Ham luang Cdng Cu • Pb ' Zn • thirc Trong Trong Trong Trong Trong Trong da't rau da't rau da't rau CTO 13,38 2,25 1,88 0,12 7,24 5,02 CTl 15,52 3,04 4,10 0,17 17,81 6,98 cr2 27,20 3,33 11,23 0,23 75,20 7,08 CT3 51,10 4,26 18,27 0,30 112,83 9,76 o Y = 0,0348A- - 5,354 R2 = 0,7907 N 20 40 60 80 100 120 Zn * trongflat(ppm) Mdi tuong quan dudng thang giira hdm lugng linh ddng ciia cae kim loai nang da't vdi ham Hinh Tuong quan giira ham lugng Zn * ddt lugng eiia ehung rau xd laeh trinh bdy d cac va Zn rau xd laeh hinh 4, va Phuang trinh tuong quan giira hdm lugng Cu * ddt vdi ham lugng Cu rau xa laeh ed dang Y = 2,9673A- - 4,6752 (R^ = 0,8928), KfeT LUAN giira Pb^"" da't vdi Pb rau la Y = 0,0103A- -ILugng bdn Cu, Pb va Zn cd anh hudng ra't ro 0,1132 (R^ = 0,9794) va giiia Zn^" da't vdi Zn ret de'n sinh trudng va sy tich luy chiing rau rau la Y = 0,0348x + 5,354 (R^= 0,7907) xa lacb Kbi lugng bdn Cu tang tir len 50 ppm, 100 ppm va 200 ppm nang sua't rau xa lacb giam di tuong irng la 12 %, 29 % va 43 % so vdi dd'i ehirng khdng bdn Cu Trong kbi dd bam lugng Cu tieh luy rau lai tang.hrong irng la 35 %, 48 % va 89 % so vdi dd'i ehirng Ddi vdi Pb, xu hudng ciing didn tuong ty trudng hgp bdn Cu, vdi lugng bdn Pb tang ttr len 50 ppm, 100 ppm va 200 ppm ndng sud't rau xa lacb giam di tuong irng la 33 %, 59 % va 71 % so vdi cdng thire khdng bdn Pb Trong dd, ham lugng Pb tieh luy rau lai tang tuong irng la 142 %, 192 % va 250 % so vdi dd'i ehirng Y = 2,9673A- - 4,6572 R^ = 0,8928 2.5 3.5 Cu^* dat (ppm) 4.5 Hinh Tuong quan giira ham lugng Cu * ddt va Cu rau xd laeh 0.4 0.3 0.2 Y = 0,0103A 0,1132 R2 = 0,9794 0.1 ^ 10 Pb * dat (ppm) 15 20 Hinh Tuang quan gi&a ham lugng Pb "^ dd't va Pb rau xa laeh 122 Bdn Zn ciing cd anh hudng ro de'n sinh trudng cua rau xd laeh, nha't la lugng bdn eao tren 300 ppm Kdt qua tbi nghiem cho tha'y lugng bdn Zn la 300 ppm va 500 ppm nang sudt rau xa laeh giam di tuong irng la 20 % va 31 % so vdi dd'i ehirng khdng bdn Zn Tuy nhien d lugng bdn tha'p dudi 100 ppm, anh budng ciia Zn de'n nang sudt rau xa lacb thd hien khdng ro Sy tich luy Zn rau xa lacb cd sy tuong quan thuan kha chat vdi ham lugng Zn^"" da't Ham lugng Zn rau tang len 39 %, 41 % va 94 % so vdi dd'i chiJmg tuong irng vdi lugng bdn Zn tang len ttr 100 ppm, 300 ppm va 500 ppm Ldi cam on : tac gia bay td long cam on chan tdi Trung tam Hd trg Nghien ciiu Chau A, thdng qua Dai hgc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi da tai trg kinh phi dd thyc hien nghien ciiru TAI LIEU DAN [1] DANG THI AN, CHU THI THU HA, 2005 : Anh hudng ciia kim loai nang ddt vd thdi gian phoi nhidm len sy tich tu kim loai d mOt sd eay rau NhiJng vdri dd nghien ciru co ban khoa bge sy sd'ng, Nxb Khoa hgc va Ky thuat, 362-368 12] D.A CATALDO and R,E, WILDUNG, 1978 : Soil and plant factors influencing the accumulation of heavy metals by plants Environmental health Perspectives, Vol.27,149-159 [3] CHEANG HONG va NGUYgN DINH MANH, 2003 : Nghien ciru anh hudng eiia phan bdn va nudc tudi tdi bam lugng kim loai nang (Pb, Cd, Hg) rau cai xanh Khoa hgc ddt 17, 98-103 [4] HO THI LAM TRA,2005 : Sy tich luy kim loai nang ddt ndng nghiep va nudc ngdm d xa Dai Ddng, huyen Van Lam, Hung Yen Khoa bge da't 21, 29-754 SUMMARY The effects of Cu, Pb, Zn on growth and their accumulation in plants of Lactuca sativa L The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse conditions with Lactuca sativa grown on alluvial soils that previously be contaminated at different levels of Cu, Pb and Zn The main purposes of the research are determined the effects of Cu, Pb and Zn applications on plant growth and Cu, Pb, Zn uptake by Lactuca sativa Mature plants were harvested for Cu, Pb and Zn accumulation analysis The results showed that the added Cu, Pb, Zn to soils has strong effects on growth and the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn In vegetables When the amounts of added Cu increase from to 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm the biomass of Lactuca sativa decrease by 12%, % and % respectively while Cu accumulation in plant increase corresponding by 35 %, 48 % and 89 % compared to the control In the case of Pb, the effects on plant growth occur In the same way with Cu, It means that when the amounts of Pb increase from to 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm the biomass of plant decrease by 33 %, 59 % and 71 % respectively compared to the control But the content of Pb accumulation in vegetables Increases correspondent by 142 %, 192 % and 250 %, Application of Zn also has effects on plant growth at the high levels above 300 ppm The results show that applications of 300 ppm and 500 ppm Zn, the biomass of Lactuca sativa decrease by 20 % and 31 % to the control However, at the rate of 100 ppm Zn the effects of Zn to plant growth are not significant In the other hand, the contents of Zn accumulation In plant Increase with added Zn to soil The contents of Zn in plant increase by 39 %, 41 % and 94 % when the levels of added Zn increase from to 100 ppm, 300 ppm and 500 ppm respectively Ngdy nhdn bdi: 19-3-2008 Trudng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Tu nhien (Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi) 123 ... giOra Cu", Pb", Z n " dat va rau xa ISch (ppm) la cay( Ham luong Ham luong Ham luang Cdng Cu • Pb '' Zn • thirc Trong Trong Trong Trong Trong Trong da''t rau da''t rau da''t rau CTO 13,38 2,25 1,88 0,12... plants were harvested for Cu, Pb and Zn accumulation analysis The results showed that the added Cu, Pb, Zn to soils has strong effects on growth and the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn In vegetables When... lugng bdn Zn ddn chidu cao eay, nang sua''t vd sy tich luy Zn rau xd laeh 100 Anh hudng cua lugng bon Zn den sinh trudng va tich luy Zn rau xa laeh Sd lieu trinh bay o bang eho thay lugng bdn Zn eiing