Hoi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt mo quoc te 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phdt trien ben vung C A N D O I G I L T A P H l / O N G A N C O N G N G H E V A B A O V E MOI TRUCJNG TRONG KHAI THAC MO GS TS[.]
Hoi Cong C A N D O I nghi khoa nghiep md G I L T A hoc tien P H l / O N G kT thudt tien mo quoc vi su phdt A N C O N G te - trien 2010 ben N G H E vung V A B A O V E MOI TRUCJNG TRONG KHAI THAC MO GS TS Carsten Drebenstedt D a i hoc T o n g hop k y thuat m o Freiberg, C H L B Due Tom tdt: Cdc cong ty mo nam gan khu ddn cu vd thuong mai hoac cdc khu bdo ton cdng lam cho moi ngudi kho chiu hon ddi vdi hoat dpng khai thdc mo, ddc biet Id khoan nd Trong bdi canh phuong phap khai thdc khong dung thudc nd dd duoc xem xet lira chon dp dung cho mot so mo dd Nham muc dich danh gid toan dien ve hieu qua kinh teky thudt khai thdc dd, bdi bdo xem xet danh gid pham vi tdc dpng moi trudng vd chi phi sdn xudt Tdc gid dd cong bo mot sd cong trinh nghien ciiu tdng hop vd ciu tiet, co mot so bdi dong tdc gid [11-16] Tirkhod: Can bang moi trudng, than thien vdi moi trudng, cdc ky thudt khai thdc mo Cac dinh nghia Phuong phap k h a i thac bao g o m hai phan la he t h o n g k h a i thac va hoat dong san xuat mo He thong k h a i thac co quan he v o i day chuyen thiet b i can thiet cho khai thac mot khoang sang N o i chung, day chuyen thiet b i duoc tao b d i cac khau chii yeu nhu pha vo lam t o i , xiic bdc, van tai va dd thai Cac cdng tac tiep theo he thdng khai thac m d cd the la nghien dap va kho chira tam t h d i Hoat ddng san xuat m d duoc dac trung bdi hudng dich chuyen ciia tuyen cdng tac (dung va ngang), t r i n h tir b d t r i guong tang khai thac va hinh thuc d i c h chuyen tang theo tuyen cdng tac (khai thac song song, dd thai true tiep ) Thuat ngu phuong phap tach pha cd ham y each l a m t o i dat da, cd the thuc hien bang khoan nd m i n hoac bang cac k y thuat k h o n g diing thudc nd K h i n d i t d i k y thuat k l i a i thac m d than thien m d i trudng la n d i t d i cac k y thuat tach pha co hoc k h o n g d i i n g thudc nd H o n nua viec ap dung k y thuat khai thac m d than thien m d i trudng nham muc d i c h [ ] : a) Tranh hoac g i a m thieu - Phat thai vao mdi trudng thai, bui - Tieng on - Rung ddng - O nhi£m nude mat va nude ngam (do vay tri chat luong nude) - Tao san phdm phu (dac biet phan vat lieu thd khong cd kha nang tieu thu) b) G i a m - Luong tieu thu nguyen vat lieu (nhien lieu, dien nang, thudc nd, dau md bdi tron) - M d n va rach vat dung - Sir dung dat tam thdi (hoan thd / k h d i phuc sinh thai sdm 87 hon) Hoi Cdng nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien kT thudt tien md qudc vi su phdt ti triin - 2010 bin virng - L a m xau canh quan thien nhien - T o n that san p h a m (sir dung tot tai nguyen) Theo nghia hep, d i n h nghia de cap t o i tat ca cac g i a i doan hoat d o n g k h a i thac mo, bat dau tir t h a m khao sat, tiep den m d via, cac hoat d o n g k h a i thac o n d i n h va cudi cung la viec hoan t h d phuc h d i da't dai, va cung de cap t d i t i n h trang sir d u n g thiet b i va tieu thu nguyen vat l i e u qua t r i n h k h a i thac m d Theo nghia rdng, d i n h nghia h a m chiia t h e m cac qua t r i n h - San xuat va l o a i bd thiet b i cdng nghe (xiic bdc, v a n t a i , k h o a n ) - San xuat n g u y e n vat l i e u (nang l u o n g , thudc n d , dau m d b d i t r o n ) T r o n g cac qua t r i n h sir dung, nguyen vat lieu va nang l u o n g , m d i t r u d n g se b i tac dong cac chat ddc hai phat thai k h i quyen, tieng d n , mat canh quan P h u o n g p h a p l u a n d a n h g i a m d i t r u d n g H i n h neu so d d tien t r i n h lua chon k y thuat k h a i thac m d than thien m d i trudng San luong khai thac hang n a m (nang suat) ciia m d da duoc xac d i n h trudc D u a vao dac diem tao khoang sang hoac da v d i t i n h l i e n ket hoac t i n h chat c o l y ciia da, se t i n h duoc nang suat cua cac thiet b i tach pha Cac t h d n g so co l y ciia da, n h u d d ben nen, d d beh keo va dd ben cat, m o d u n dan h d i va cac thdng so cua da gdc, n h u d d nut ne, d d k h d va tinh phan ldp, tat ca anh h u d n g den t i n h chat cat/dap v d / n d t o i cua da H o n nua, luong thiet b i va k y thuat l a m t o i c d t i n h quyet d i n h D&c dk'm uh&mvu Kbcaogtaqg (kich ifauOc, Hah choice ly cui 4b) S*f dung £"7 '* ***** nan« aoiS ; ca cm (i,h) n cn ! u C»C dieufci*nphu Itcn quan den v'tim tac 4»n« wiot ti uon« Ngb*ia cdu c&eg ago* vt> Jc? ihult Cis itb pAwon^ pup ktou \$A< ilw q»a dc&o I" Hull Chpo phuoag jaep kha\tecbop ly {khe tat vc ky tauStj Deob g* ktaa # cir: pbi*Hkg chop k tui tbise CU ufir c4c piwtj fUp kbjtlUcioA kkoBJ pi a fe?p Cboa r>but7ag c/tuflkhat thdc [hu odp vt ktaa vt t E tab ti/Dqg cec 4$og m&i in/wg |* CU u6 Ut *fcn gig lua pftip ly Cboa ffbuwig pbop kbai thac dap thd,va cac cdng tac phu trg) Nguyen vat lieu (diCn nang, ' nguon nang lugng, thuoc n6, cac nguyen liCu khac) ^ Khu vuc tu nhien thay ddi Khoang sang kh6ng khai thac Vat lieu phat thai vao kh6ng khf, nude va da't (khu vuc tu nhien nguyen thuy ban dau) On Rung Da't da phu khdng su Ke hoach san xut±=£> cong tac mo Cha't thai Nu6c thai Su dung khoang sang (Khu khai thac, tdn that tai nguyen, sir dung cac vat lieu th6 co lien quan Hinh Phdn tich tdng the ddu vao - ddu phuong 89 phap khai thdc md Hdi nghi Cong nghiep khoa hoc ki thudt mo quoc ti md tien tien vi su phdt triin - 20JO bin virng D d on trung b i n h la c h i t h i danh gia tieng on phat ra, k h i l u g n g b u i phat thai co the dugc tinh theo tieu chuan V D I 3790, trang N h a vay, cac he t d phat thai ciia qua trinh danh gia he thdng k h a i thac se dugc xac d i n h [ ] V o n g d d i cac the he nang l u g n g n g u y e n thuy va n g u y e n l i e u t h d sir d u n g dugc dua vao ca sd d u lieu G E M I S ( M d h i n h he thdng t i c h hop phat thai toan cdu), t r o n g d d bao gom nang lugng phu va n g u y e n vat lieu xay dung x i nghiep m d cung n h u vat l i e u xir l y thai bo Ca sd d u lieu diing de t i n h nhu cau dien nang va dau diesel, san xuat k i m loai va chat deo, chung se dugc ke deh k h i x e m xet danh gia he t h d n g k h a i thac m d [ ] Danh gia k y thuat k h a i thac m d than thien m d i t r u d n g k h o n g n h u n g l u u y t d i tac ddng m o i trudng ma theo cac mat xa h d i , k i n h te- thuong m a i Van de k y thuat khai thac m d ap dung dugc x e m xet uu tien theo nhu cau xa hdi ve mat moi trudng va chi phi, v i k y thuat than thien m d i trudng va hieu qua chi p h i thap se dugc xa hoi chap nhan Cac mat xa hdi, k i n h te' - thuong mai va m d i trudng cd m d i quan he chat che vdi nhau, vi khai trudng cang sach se va lanh thi hau qua tac ddng m d i trudng cang thap, cang it bi mgi ngudi song gan k h u m d phan nan phan ddi (hinh 3) [ ] K h o n g the ciing m d t luc d i n h l u g n g day d i i cac tac d d n g ciia qua t r i n h tach pha da hoac hoat ddng k h a i thac m d t d i m d i trudng D i e u giai t h i c h v i cac dieu kien bien de danh gia can phai dugc xac d i n h va v i can x e m cac c h i p h i san xuat va tac ddng moi trudng n h u tieu chuan danh gia rieng d thdi d i e m hien t a i Trudc he't, cac tieu chuan danh gia m d i g i a i phap c d n g nghe dugc tdng ket bang De cd the sir d u n g cac tieu chuan ma tran danh gia t h i chiing can dugc phan cap V d i cap b i n h thudng, cac gia t r i ciing loai tieu chuan dugc so sanh v d i nhau, theo cac gia t r i dugc t i n h d i e m tren ciing cap tieu chuan d d T r o n g t r u d n g hgp nay, su khac tuong d d i giua cac gia t r i se k h o n g con, d d la bat l g i ddn t d i bien dang t h d n g t i n nhan dugc Theo cap ty le, cac gia t r i ciing loai tieu chuan dugc se dugc phan t y le theo each khac (cac tac ddng m d i t r u d n g ) , de n d i dung thdng t i n dugc g i u n g u y e n day d u L a y miic tieng on l a m v i d u , c h i can tang d d dn d B t h i d d cam nhan se tang len lan Bang neu ma tran danh gia Phuang an ky thuat Ai vdi tac ddng mdi trudng Uj nhan dugc diem p cao nha't, vi du 100 l} diem, cac diem thap han dugc tinh cho cac phuang an khac tuong ling v d i dd xa tir A, tieu chuan Cac diem p^ tinh cho k y thuat khai thac cd tac ddng m d i trudng sau dd se dugc cdng theo cot diing d cudi bang Tdng so diem bieu thi tac ddng m d i trudng ciia k y thuat khai thac md dugc danh gia, vdi diem cao nha't tinh cho t i c ddng m d i trudng it nha't, phuang an dugc danh gia cd tinh than thien m d i trudng cao De phan biet rd han can dua them cac he so trgng lugng va hieu chinh (bang 1) 90 Hpi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc ki thudt md tien tiin mo qudc vi su phdt te - trien 2010 ben vung Khai thac mo Cong nghe khai thac Qua trinh san xuat «—• Hieu q ua true tiep Thay canh quan Phat sinh phe thai Tieu hao nang lugng Tieu hao nude Bao mon, xoi 16 T6n that tai nguyen YY Chi phi san xuat Hieu qua gian tiep Hieu qua xa hoi Hinh Quan he giua cdc mat xd hpi, kinh te vd moi trudng ciia khai thdc mo Bdng Ma tran danh gid ^ ^ \ P / i i r t m g an A t A Aj Tieu chuanj Cap tieu chuan u, UE u u, 2 A-, A A } he so' trgng lugng k ku 4j gi g2 Pn Pl2 P21 P22 P31 P32 P41 P42 Pn Pi2 g, Pi, P2i P3i P4i Pn UE = ^ges l *• UE: Tdc dpng moi trudng w Z Pij*gj* U k ^P^gj*^ Ips^g^kaj Ip *g *k 4j J Ips/g/ksj 4j A: Phuong dn cong nghe (ky thudt khai thdc mo) i: Lua chon ky thudt khai thdc (vidw.l = khoan vd nd min, = khoan ngang, ) U: Tdc dpng mdi trudng j: Lloqi tdc dpng mdi trudng (vi du: - tieng on, = lupng S0 tuong duong, .) Pij: Diem danh gid ky thudt khai thdc md A; vd tdc ddng mdi trudng Uj(ke tdi U khdc tinh A,) k : He sd hieu chinh loai vd cudng dp tdc ddng mdi trudng, phu thudc vao A, tJ gj.- He sd lupng giua cdc tieu chuan U khong phu thudc vao A, v 91 Hoi nghi Cdng nghiep khoa hoc ki thudt md qudc ti mo tien tien vi sir phdt trien - 2010 bin virng He so hieu c h i n h k co l u u y t o i tac dong m o i truong U j giua cac p h u o n g an co khac vi muc phat thai t i e n g o n hoac loai r u n g dong L a y v i d u , tieng o n m a y m o c phat duoc danh gia khac v d i tieng on n d m i n Cung n h u vay, r u n g d d n g phat sinh b d i bua dap thuy luc khac v d i n d m i n , p h u thudc vao t h a i gian va c u d n g H e sd k,j c d v a i tro y chi su khac d d He so luong gj diing de nhan d i n h tam quan cua cac tieu chuan U j so vdi cac tieu chuan khac Can x e m xet hau qua tac ddng m d i trudng len d d i t u o n g dugc bao ve d tam cue bd hay toan cau G i a t r i cua he so phu thudc chii yeu vao cac t h a m khao y kien ciia ngudi quyet dinh, hoac cd the lay theo trung cau dan y d k h u vuc lien quan Cac phuong phap khao sat tang cudng dd se k h o n g dugc neu c h i tiet bai bao Thuc chat hai trudng hop khac ca ban se dugc x e m xet: T r u d n g hgp thir nhat, yeu cau cdng ty rao phai dua xa k h d i k h u dan cu, hoac d d i tugng dugc bao ve T r u d n g hop t h u hai, m d I d thien nam sat k h u dan c u nen can x e m xet tac ddng m d i trudng cue bd, ben canh m d i trudng k h u vuc va toan cdu Nhirng khac biet se dugc x e m xet quan tam n h d sir d u n g he sd ^ ( H i n h 4) Phuang t r i n h tdng quat sau m d ta tac d d n g m d i t r u o n g c h u n g gay b d i k y thuat khai thac m d cd thi tham khao Bang va can c i i vao cac phan neu tren UE =tp *Z *k Ket qua phan tich dugc trinh bay d dang ma tran, dd tac ddng mdi trudng ciia k y thuat khai thac m d dugc d i n h l u g n g bang gia t r i v d h u d n g K h i d d cd the t i m dugc bang each danh gia m a tran ciia k y thuat c d tac ddng m d i t r u d n g it nha't, n h u n g phai theo tieu chuan rieng Cac tieu chuan k i n h te / thuang m a i se t i n h de'n bang each dua t h e m W , ges vao phuong trinh He so bd sung se cd dugc dua vao so neu d bang L g i i c h xa h d i cung thay dugc bang each dua he so bd sung S • vao phuong t r i n h Environmental impact with 100 regional/global effect: C02 equivalent S02 equivalent 80cumulative energy input(KEA) dust 60- Environmental impact with local effect: noise, vibrati on, dust vibrati on dust •a 40 cumulative energy input (KEA) 20 SO: equivalent | C O : equivalent lai distance Hinh Bieu luong tdc ddng mdi 92 truong Hpi Cong UEWS nghi nghiep khoa hoc mo tien = UE +W ges t ges i + S ges t ki thudt tien mo quoc vi su phdt ges i te - trien ben 2010 virng \ Thu tuc dien giai tren day se tao kha nang thiet lap ky thuat dugc xa hdi chap nhan, co tinh thucmg m a i hop l y va than thien m o i trudng Nghien cuu truong hop cac phuong phap tach pha - lam toi da cirng 3.1 Ky thudt tach phd dd cdng Ngoai ky thuat tach pha da cung bang khoan no min, cac dieu kien rieng co cac ky thuat tach pha c o hoc dua tren nguyen l y tac dong giua dung cu cong tac va da khac (hinh 5) Bang neu nhan xet danh gia chgn lgc cac ky thuat khai thac khong dung thudc nd [7] Cd the thdy rang cac k y thuat cat t i c h pha deu dat dugc ciing chieu cao tang khai thac Gdc ddc dung co dugc k h i diing k y thuat cat, khoan dung va dap vd Bua dap thuy luc, may xiic thuy luc va may gat cd luoi rach la loai cd k y thuat linh hoat M a y phay cat cd tang cat dap d giua can mat bang lam viec bang phang nen han che tinh linh hoat D i e m bat l o i khong cd d thiet b i cd tang cat dap phia trudc N H u g c diem dugc khac phuc d may phay cat Trong da sd trudng hgp, may xiic rdto lam viec lien ket vdi he thdng bang tai nen cung kem linh hoat Bua thuy luc va may xuc thuy luc cd the lam viec theo kieu dao xuc dudi miic dat may khoang m , k h i may xuc rdto va cac thiet b i khac lam viec chu yeu ben tren muc dat may M a y xiic thuy luc duoc diing phdi hgp v o i bua thuy lire rat l i n h hoat, cd the lam viec v d i mat tang cdng t i c hep tdi 20 m va dao xiic dudi sau v d i phuong ngang kha nhd M a y xdi va may phay cat cung cd the dung de dao ldp da tren mat cd dien tich n h d tdi mdt hecta BCac thiet b i cung duoc sir dung thich hop de hoat ddng tren dien rdng Hinh Cdc ky thudt tach phd khai thdc dd Cac l d p nghieng d i i n g cd the dugc tach pha de dang bang each x i i c da true tiep tir guong sudn tang M a y x d i va may phay cat k h i tach pha chgn lgc theo l d p nghieng, t h i kha kho khan K h i cat theo l d p ngang t h i de dang hon 93 Hoi nghi Cdng nghiep khoa md hoc ki thudt mo qudc ti tien tien vi sir phdt trien -2010 bin virng Phirong phap luan xac d i n h k y thuat khai thac than thien m o i truong can dua tren nang suat Viec tinh toan nang suat doi v a i m d i k y thuat khai thac gap k h o k h a n v i k h o n g co san mdu cung cap chi tiet ve kha nang lam tai da k h i ap dung mot k y thuat tach pha nao [2] Tuy vay, co cac phuong phap phan tich dac biet, mac du phan Ion chung chi dugc ap dung cho mot k y thuat tach pha cu the D o ben nen cua da co lien quan t o i sir ton tai cac be mat lien ket giua cac lop da va anh huong den kha nang l a m tai va xiic boc dat da Cac nha che tao thiet bi khai thac m o thuong co cac phuang phap rieng de xac d i n h kha nang lam toi ciia may co lien quan tinh chat ciia da Cac phuong phap dua tren c a sa k i n h n g h i e m lau nam va khong the ap dung cho cac may khac T i n h chac chan cuoi ciing chi co dugc tren ca so thoi gian va chi p h i thir n g h i e m cong nghiep Bdng Danh gid ky thudt khai thdc Chi tieu lira chon cdc ky thuat tach phd Chieu cao tang Goc suan tang Ti'nh linh hoat (thay ddi vi tri) mo - Ddp Bua thuy lire ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + + + ++ ++ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + Cdt May xiic ro to ++ ++ Xoi May xuc May gat thuv lire + + ++ ++ Khoan May be May guong mdt + ++ + +(+) Phu hgp kieu xiic Tren co sd chieu sau Dien mat bang Phu hgp khai thac chon lgc Lop dung Ldp ngang + + rdt caol tot, + caol tot, trung binh, - thap / khong xet Cac thir n g h i e m cd ket qua d i n h lugng so da m d ta tai l i e u va thuc nghiem tao kha nang danh gia nang suat may dua tren dd ben nen va cau true be mat l i e n ket ciia da, do phuong phap luan cd the dugc ap d u n g V i du, dat da cap (phan loai da d Due theo D I N 18300) cd lien ket yeu va nirt ne, k h i dd may xuc thuy lire hoac may xuc ro to hau nhu khong dugc diing de xuc true tiep Nang suat khai thac rat thap, kha nang m d n hdng may rat cao Nang suat khai thac l d n hon 300000 t/ nam cd the dat k h i diing may xuc thuy luc 115 t de xuc true tiep, k h i da cd dd beh nen cao, nut ne va dd lien ket cao [ ] H i n h neu quan he chung giua cac thdng so trgng lugng may va dd ben nen ciia da Quan he giua cac thdng so trgng lugng may va nang suat khai thac da bang phuong phap khong diing thudc no neu d H i n h Tir dd thay x u hudng chung la nang suat cao cd the dat dugc k h i diing may to va nang Cung cd the thay rang nang suat khai thac giam d i k h i beh nen ciia da tang len Theo each nhin rdng han thi ty le nang suat v d i trgng lugng may bieu thi phan nang lugng tieu hao cho dao va xuc da, ty le cang cao thi diing may de khai thac da cang co l g i Cung thdy rd rang yeu cau nang l u g n g tang len k h i khai thac da cd ben nen cao K h a i thac bang may xuc ro to chac chan la lua chgn tdt nhai ve quan d i e m nang lugng, nhung chi co the ap d u n g pham v i ben nen cua da han che M a t khac, diing bua 94 Hpi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thudt tiin md qudc vi sit phdt te - trien 2010 ben viing thuy luc se rat dat theo quan d i e m nang luong, nhung co the c h i la giai phap thay the cho khoan - no m i n He thong k h a i thac m o da cung dien h i n h va qua t r i n h l a m t a i , xiic boc, van tai va dap tho neu bang Hinh Quan he giua ty le nang sudi khai thdc Hinh vd lupng may vdi dp ben nen cua dd vd nang sudt khai Bdng He thdng khai thdc mo dd cdng dien Ldm toi khoan va no m i n May xiic ro to Bua dap thuy luc 10 11 May xai Quan he giua trqng luong Xuc bdc May xuc thuy luc May xuc thuy luc May xuc tai banh lo'p May xuc tai (chai tai-van chuyen) Bang tai May xiic thuy luc May xiic thuy luc May xiic tai banh lo'p May xiic tai (cha't tai-van chuyen) May xiic tai May xiic tai (cha't tai-van chuyen) May xiic thuy luc May xuc thuy luc thdc hinh Van tdi vd ddp thd to tai lan May dap di dong to tai lan May dap ban di d6ng May dap tho Bang tai May dap tho Bang tai to May O t6 May tai lan dap di dong tai lan dap ban di dong May dap tho May dap th6 Bang tai May dap th6 Bang tai to tai lan May dap ban di dong May dap tho Bang tai i—^ 12 to tai lan 13 May dap di d6ng 14 May xiic thuy luc to tai 16n 15 May dap di dong 16 May tach be" mat May xuc tai to tai lan 17 May tach bi mat to tai ldn 18 Bang tai 19 May tach guong May xiic tai to tai lan 20 May tach guong to tai lan 21 Bang tai * Khong co May dap tho, v i da co cue nho qua trinh lam tai 95 may May dap tho Bang tai May dap tho Bang tai * * * * * Hoi nghi Cdng nghiep 3.2 Danh khoa hoc kijhudt md qudc ti md tien tiin vi su phdt triin gid mdi trudng cdc lua chon ky - 2010 bin virng thudt V i du dugc dua d6 danh gia k y thuat tach pha da than t h i e n m o i t r u o n g , k h i x e m xet qua trinh l a m t o i , xuc boc, van chuyen vat lieu Phan t i c h dau vao - ddu v o l nghien cuu neu d h i n h D a duoc xuc bdc bang m a y xuc tai banh l d p cd gau d u n g t i c h m , van tai bang d td cd t h u n g chiia m K y thuat k h a i thac bang rach x d i thang d u n g , khoan ngang va cat k h o n g can dung thiet b i xiic bdc, qua t r i n h l a m t o i va xuc bdc duoc ket hgp thuc hien bang m a y l a m t o i K h i x e m xet qua t r i n h cat bang m a y x i i c rdto, cdn danh gia he thdng thiet b i k h a i thac g d m cd may xiic va he thdng bang tai t r o n g d d c d m d t bang tai d i dong H a i may tach pha guong va he thdng m a y k h a i thac chay d i e n , c o n cac he thdng khai 3 thac khac deu chay ddng co diesel Trong trudng hgp da cd cau true t h d che v d i d d ben nen 20 M P a , k y thuat tach pha dugc liet ke bang se c d kha nang ap d u n g N a n g suat l a m t o i ciia t d hop thiet b i theo ke hoach cdng ty la 300.000 t/nam l i e n hanh danh gia tac d d n g m d i t r u d n g , n h u l u g n g bui, rung ddng, k h i C tuong duong, k h i S tuong duong cd ke t d i m i i c tieu thu nang lugng tich l u y ( K E A ) C h i p h i (dau t u co ban va san xuat) cung duoc dua vao t i n h toan danh gia Danh gia dua tren nghien ciiu khao sat cac m d I d thien k h a i thac da k h d i va dua tren phan tich thuc hien b d i T r u d n g D a i hgc tdng hop K y thuat Bergakademie Freiberg [3-5, ] Bang neu d i n h l u g n g cac d o n v i l a m v i d u va thiet lap sir tac d d n g m d i t r u d n g va c h i p h i san xuat 2 Extraction system "Vertical r i p p i n g " Input Output Material: -metal -plastic Energy: -diesel -electric power Loosening and loading Hydraulic excavator! Hauling Heavy truck Pre-crushing Roller breaker Emissions: -gas -noise -dust -vibration - other waste products Other effects: ' -use of land -countryside - hydrological balance Hinh Phdn tich ddu vao - ddu qua trinh khai thdc dd cirng sd dung may rach xdi ddng Nhu da neu Muc 3, miic dd rung ddng dugc thiei lap chii yeu bang gia tri dinh lugng ma k h o n g d gia t r i sd N h u vay can thay rang miic dd r u n g ddng t r o n g qua t r i n h no m i n la rat cao so v d i cac k y thuat k h a i thac khac, mac d u cac p h u o n g phap tach pha khong diing thudc n d t h i dap gay r u n g d d n g d miic cao nhat T u y vay, r u n g d d n g dap thap hon nhieu so v d i qua t r i n h khoan - no m i n 96 Hpi Cong nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien ki thudt tien mo qudc vi su phdt te - trien 2010 ben virng Tac d o n g m o i trudng dugc g h i l a i theo cac thang khac T r o n g hai truong hop tren, tuc la t r u o n g hgp m o nam xa k h u dan c u va m o d gah k h u dan cu, can tac ddng m o i trudng khac (bang 5, bang 6) Bdng Tdc dpng mdi trudng vd chi phi ciia ky thudt khai thdc (don vi dinh lupng) Khoan vd no Khoan ngang (May tach be mat) Rach xdi ngang (May ui) Bua thuy luc May xuc rd to May khoan dirng (TSM) May rach dirng (May xiic thuy luc) tuong S0 duong [g/t da khai thac] 8.0 15.1 13.5 15.4 1.4 8.9 9.2 C0 tuong duong [g/t da khai thac] 948.3 1.598.0 1.449.7 1.647.4 505.2 2.177.5 993.2 10.6 20.8 18.9 21.5 12.7 32.4 13.0 Muc d& 6n [dB(A)] ' 112.9 114.0 113.5 114.6 108.5 114.0 110.7 Bui [g/t] 120.0 190.0 370.0 205.0 400.0 900.0 160.0 Trong gi6i han Thap Thap Thap hon khoan no Thap Thap Thap 104.8 159.3 149.9 143.5 121.9 207.9 100.0 Ddp Cdt (Bua thuy luc) (May xiic rdto) Khoan ngang (TSM) Rach dung (May xiic thuy luc) 2 KEA da] [MJ/t Rung d&ng Chi phi san xuat [%] Bdng Tdc dpng mdi trudng gay bdi md nam d xa % Khoan - no Khoan ngang (May tach be mat) Rach xdi ngang (May Ui) S0 tuong duong 15 2,66 1,41 1,57 1,38 15,00 2,39 2,32 C0 tuong duong 15 7,99 4,74 5,23 4,60 15,00 3,48 7,63 KEA 15 15,00 7,66 8,41 7,42 12,55 4,92 12,25 Bui 5,00 3,16 1,62 2,94 1,50 0,67 3,75 Muc On 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Rung dong 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 30,65 16,97 16,83 16,34 44,05 11,46 25,95 (2) (4) (4) (4) (D (5) (3) 69,59 38,53 38,22 37,10 100,00 26,02 58,92 Trong luong, 2 Tdng (Muc) Thang 50 100 97 Hpi nghi Cong nghiep khoa hoc ki thudt mo qudc ti md tien tien vi su phdt trien - 2010 bin virng Bdng Tdc ddng mdi truong gay boi mo nam o gan Rach xdi ngang (May ui) Dap (Biia thuy lire) Cdt (May xuc rdto) Khoan ngang (TSM) 2,66 Khoan ngang (May tach be mat) 1,41 1,57 1,38 15.00 2,39 Rach dung (May xiic thuy lire) 2,32 15 7,99 4,74 5,23 4,60 15.00 3,48 7,63 15 15 20 20 15,00 15,00 19,23 2,00 7,66 9,47 19,05 16,00 8.41 4.86 19,13 16,00 7,42 8,82 18,94 10,00 12,55 4,50 20,00 16,00 4,92 2,00 19,04 16,00 12,25 11,25 19,61 16,00 100 61,88 (3) 74,51 95,45 58,33 (4) 70,24 62,77 55,2 (5) 66,48 66,71 51,16 (6) 61,61 69,67 83,05 (D 100,00 82,01 47,83 (7) 57,60 48,11 69,06 (2) 83,16 100,00 Trqng luong, % Khoan -no 15 S0 tuong duong C0 tuong duong KEA Bui Muc 6n Rung dong TOng (Muc) Thang Chi phi (ty le) 100 100 Nhu* da neu tren, c h i p h i k h o n g duoc bo qua k h i danh gia t i n h than thien m o i truong ciia phuong an k y thuat k h a i thac G i o n g n h u tac dong m o i t r u a n g , c h i p h i cung chiu cac thang danh gia khac nhau, k h i k y thuat k h a i thac co c h i p h i thap nhat se dugc danh gia vai d i e m cao nhat D i e m thap h a n dugc t i n h cho cac k y thuat k h a i thac khac, phu thuoc vao su khac biet hieu qua k i n h te K e t qua thang tir tinh toan cho thay m a y rach x o i dung co ky thuat k h a i thac m o hieu qua k i n h te cao nhat K h o a n g each biet so v a i k y thuat k h a i thac diing khoan no m i n t i n h pham v i c h i m g d i e m (6 Cent/t) va thap k h i so v a i cac k y thuat k h a i thac khac K y thuat k h a i thac k h i cat bdng may xiic r d t o dugc xep d v i t r i t h u ba H i n h neu ket qua c u o i ciing danh gia m o i truong ciia cac p h u a n g an lua chgn cong nghe k h a i thac da cung, t r o n g do: W : gia t r i tac dong k i n h te ( c h i p h i san xuat); UE -weit: ges tac dong m o i truong gay b d i m d nam xa; U E g e s na h: e tac d d n g m d i t r u d n g gay b d i m d nam gan d d i tugng cam nhan («300 m); W + U E : tdng gia t r i anh hudng xac d i n h b d i anh hudng kinh te/ thuang m a i va m d i trudng K y thuat k h a i thac k h i cat bang may xiic rdto than t h i e n m d i t r u d n g nhai, k h i danh gia theo trgng l u g n g tac ddng m d i trudng gdy b d i m d n a m d xa va d gdn d d i tugng nhay cam, mot phan cd dugc he thdng thiet b i k h a i thac sir d u n g d i e n nang V i t r i t h u hai xep cho m d Id thien nam xa diing khoan - n d m i n va t h i i ba k h i d i i n g m a y rach x d i dung Neu m d Id thien nam gan k h u dan c u hoac bat k y d d i tugng c a m nhan nao, t h i i t u m i i c than thien m d i trudng se thay d o i T r o n g k h i v i t r i t h i i nhat k h o n g thay d d i , v i t r i t h i i hai xep cho may x d i ngang va t h i i ba cho khoan nd m i n K e t qua n h u vay la m i i c r u n g d d n g gay bdi khoan nd m i n cao h o n han so v d i cac k y thuat k h o n g d i i n g thudc n d M i r e r u n g dong cao gay b d i nd m i n cd the t r d van de l d n k h i m d nam cang gan d d i t u g n g c a m nhan, co the nguy h i e m t d i miic k h o n g dugc phep hoat ddng k h a i thac M a c d i i bao cao cac v u no m i n k h o n g dugc de cap danh gia nay, m i i c tieng o n phat sinh b d i nd m i n d cac khu ddn c u hoac k h u giai t r i can phai dugc tuan theo quy d i n h D o nd m i n x a y t h a i gian ngan, gia t r i phat thai tieu chuan cd the vugt qua V D I 2058, trang 1, q u y d i n h t d i da 30 d B K h o a n g each t d i thieu khoang 150 m quy d i n h cho cac v u n d m i n d v i i n g nong 98 Hpi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thudt tiin md quoc vi su phdt te - trien bin 2010 viing thon va v u n g x e n ke Phil hop v d i phuong phap danh gia ( c h i tiet neu Bang 1), bat k y k y thuat k h a i thac nao vugt qua g i o i han tac dong m o i t r u o n g q u y d i n h deu phai loai bo ISO lev T 140 0(1 J 120 >fl 00 ão i/i đ> n JB