Hdi nghi khoa hoc ki thuat mo quoc te 2ui u Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phat triin bin viing NGHIEN CUTJ THI/C TE VE AN TOAN DAP CHAN QUANG THAI MO GS TS WANG YingBo1''''2, LI Zhongxue1 *Dai hoc K h o[.]
Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tien mo quoc vi su phat triin te - 2ui bin u viing NGHIEN CUTJ THI/C TE VE AN TOAN DAP CHAN QUANG THAI MO GS.TS WANG YingBo ' , LI Zhongxue 2 *Dai hoc K h o a hoc v a C o n g nghe B i c K i n h D a i hoc K y thuat L i e u N i n h , F u x i n ( T r u n g Q u d c ) Tom tat: Theo nghiin cuu & Anh va cdc nude phat triin khac vi tinh trang an toan cdng nghiep hat nhan, chat phi thdi, dau vd rdc vu tru, viec nghien ciru sau, phan tich co cau trang thdi an toan va thiit lap cdc mdi quan h$ giica cdc phan dupe thuc hi?n hoan canh dap chdn quang thai md thiiu hi thong quan ly an toan va hieu qua Theo ddc diim vong ddi quang thdi cd giai doan, cdc quy dfnh an toan dap chan quang thdi dupe di xudt theo cau triic trang thdi an toan, va cdc phan cua md hinh cau true trqng thai an toan quang thdi diing cho md hinh quan ly an toan dap chan quang thdi md dupe thiit lap Y tudng mdi hien thue hod trqng thdi an toan quang thai nham hoan thien hi thdng quan ly cdng tdc an toan dap chan quang thdi va hi thong tiiu chuan an toan dupe niu bai cd y nghia dinh hudng rdt quan Md dau Su phat trien nhanh cua nganh mo lam tang khoi luong quang thai, dan tdi so luong dap chan quang t h a i m o tang nhanh, tir xuat h i e n n h i e u n g u y c o m a t an toan t r o n g thiet ke, t h i cong x a y d u n g , v a n hanh, g i a m sat an t o a n Cac n g u y c o gay nen cac s u e d dap chan quang thai H o n nua, m o t so su co da gay r a t h a m h o a l d n t i n h chat n g u y h i e m cua quang thai C h o d u n h i e u chuyen gia da d u a j a cac b i e n p h a p k y thuat k i e m che nguy co su co dap chan quang thai, song deu k h o n g the giai q u y e t v a n de an t o a n tuyet d o i v a co he thong N g h i e n c u u trang t h a i an toan d u a p h u o n g phap quan l y an t o a n h i e u qua v a co he thong V i e c n g h i e n c u u trang t h a i an toan d T r u n g Quoc c o n rat i t so v d i cac n u d e khac, nhung nude da ap d u n g p h u o n g phap trang t h a i an toan t r o n g c o n g nghiep hat nhan, hang khong, dau k h i co h i e u qua l d n K h a i n i e m v e t r a n g t h a i a n t o a n Trang thai an t o a n the h i e n rang n g u d i thao tac, t h i e t b i , p h u o n g t i e n v a m o i t r u o n g duoc chap nhan hoan t o a n t r o n g p h a m v i r o n g , cung c i p c h u n g c u c h i tiet de* c h u n g m i n h he thong d u an toan V a i t r d v a c a u t r u e c u a t r a n g t h a i a n t o a n 2.1 Vai trd cua trqng thdi an toan ~ [1 3] V a i tro c h u y e u cua t i n h trang an toan g o m co: (1) N g h i e n c u u v a nhan biet cac s u k i e n k h o n g an t o a n t o n t a i t r o n g he thdng^ thidt lap k h u n g cau true h o p l y ciia he t h d n g , t i c h h o p t h d n g t i n k y thuat l i e n quan t d i he thdng (2) T r a n g t h a i an t o a n cd thd d u a s u d a m bao cho he t h d n g hoat d d n g an toan, cam ket dam bao su an t o a n cua he t h d n g tir k h a u x a y l i p , chay thir, v a n h i n h den k i t thiic qua t r i n h v a t i n h an toan sudt v o n g d d i ciia he t h d n g Trang t h a i an toan c h i t l u o n g cao cd thd cho phep m o i n g u d i quan he v d i he t h d n g cd d u l y de t i n t u d n g r i n g he t h d n g cd an toan cao (3) Cap cac quyet dinh bd sung cho giiy phep chung chi hoat dong cua cac hang va ban nganh 748 noi nghi Cong nghiep r r Khoa hoc ki thuat md quoc te - 2010 md tien tiin vi su phat triin ben vung 2.2 Cau true cua trqng thdi an toan Thong thuong, trang thai an toan duoc tao nen bdi phan chinh: Yeu cau (goi la muc tieu an toan), Luan chung ya Chung ,cii Y e u c i u ( g o i l a m u c t i e u an toan) dac t r u n g cho he t h o n g hoac m o t so phan ho h o cho cac l u a n c h u n g an toan co t h i l a cac sir k i e n n g h i e n c u u hoac t i e n dinh, hoac cac l u a n c h u n g p h u tir cac m i i c quan l y t i l p sau; cac l u a n c h u n g chung cir, cac y k i l n co the l a chac chan, co k h a nang, co chat l u o n g [4 ~ he; c h u n g doan, cac l i e n quan 7] cu gia toi Luan chiing cung cap cau tnic cho trang thai an toan, va chung cu cung cap co so thuc t l cho l u a n c h u n g [8 ~ ] , k h i c h i i n g c u co l o i cho l u a n c h i i n g Chung cu thuong duoc dua xuat phat tir y d i n h hoac cac trai n g h i e m t i n cay, hoac k i n h n g h i e m tir truoc ve l i n h v u c M o h i n h cau t n i c cua h a n g thai an toan neu d H i n h Yeu cau P h a n t i c h t h a n h p h a n c a u t r u e cua t r a n g Luan chung t h a i an t o a n d a p c h a n q u a n g t h a i m d Jk ik ik Dap chan quang thai co/the duoc phan phan he, n h a m vao cac v a n de an toan can giai quyet C h i i n g t o i dat m u c t i e u an toan dap chan quang thai d m i i c d i n h , v a tao cac m o i l i e n ket t r o n g thiet ke, x a y d u n g , san xuat v a d o n g k i n dap chan quSng t h a i , n h u l a phan he ciia trang tahis an toan 3.1 Phan tich phan cau true miic dinh cua trqng thdi an toan dap chan quang Chung cu Hinh Md hinh cau true cua trqng thdi an toan thdi Hoat dong an toan suot vong doi cua dap chan quang thai duoc coi nhu yeu cau chung n h a m k h a nang d a m bao d u y t r i an toan he t h o n g dap chan ( k y h i e u M u c t i e u G I ) Y e u c a u p h a n he dap chan quang t h a i : thiet k e dap chan co the d a m bao t i n h an toan, tranh cac su co mat an toan thiet ke ( k y h i e u C h i e n l u o c S t l ) ; chat l u o n g x a y d u n g dap chan can dam bao k h a i thac m o an toan ( k y h i e u C h i e n l u o c St2); quan l y an toan quang thai cho phep g i a m s u co dap chan quang t h a i ( k y h i e u C h i e n l u o c St3); d a m bao thiet ke v a quan l y bai chiia d o n g k i n de tranh sir co sau k h i d o n g dap chan ( k y h i e u C h i e n l u o c St4) Theo yeu cau cau tnic cua hang thai an toan, dua muc tieu ciia phan he nhu la luan c h i i n g m u c t i e u toan he t h o n g Cau tnic dac trung miic dinh va cac phan ciia hang thai an toan neu d Hinh 3.2 Phan tich phan cau true trqng thdi an toan phan he dap chan quang thdi 3.2.1 Xac dinh phan cau true trqng thdi an toan cua phan he giai doan thiet ke dap chan Trong giai doan thiet ke dap chin quang thai, it nhit co them ban thiet ke can duoc so sanh de c h o n m o t d u an an toan, t i n cay, k i n h t l v a k h a t h i k y thuat ben canh cac y e u cau neu h e n , de co ban t h i l t k l t i n cay v a an toan ( g o i l a t h i l t k l dap chan quang h o p chuan), k y h i e u St5; thiet ke d i n h dang cac n g u y c o m i t an toan v a cai t h i e n dap chan quang thai de d a m bao hoat dong an toan t r o n g s u i t v o n g d d i cua n o , k y h i e u St6 Thilt kl ciu tnic va phin phan he hang thai an toan neu d Hinh 749 Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tiin md quoc vi su phat te - triin bin 2010 viing Yeu cau: An toan v6ng ddi dap chan Hinh Md hinh cau true muc dinh trqng thdi an toan dap chan quang 750 thdi Hdi Cdng nghi khoa nghiep md hoc tien ki thuat tiin md qudc vi su phat te - triin 2010 ben vung T h i l t k l dap c h i n quang t h a i h o p c h u i n G3 St6 St5 L i r a c h o n d u an an toan, t i n C h u n g m i n h v a cai t h i e n m u c an r r toan d a m bao t i n h an toan thiet ke cay, k i n h te, kT thuat kha t h i G17 G16 G15 Theo du li?u khao sat va thuyet trinh cua chuyen gia, xac dinh d\r an v6i an toan, tin cay, kinh ntees, kT thuat Xac dinh chi tieu t l i uu theo tieu chuan phan tich thiet ke ciia chuyen gia, va dieu chinh tieu chuan kh6ng phu hop Phat hi£n cua chuyen gia va luu trCr Ket luan cua chuyen gia va y kien de xuat G18 T&p hop chat luong d$i ngu nhan vien chung minh dp an toan Ket luan cua chuyen gia va y k i l n de xuat Dung phuong phap chung minh thfch hop tinh an toan va die"u hanh viec giai quylt cac nguy co t i l m an Ket luan cua chuyen gia va y k i l n dh xuat Hinh Hinh Dang cau true trqng thdi an toan phan hp thiit ke dap chan quang 3.2.2 Xac dinh dung dap chan quang thdi phan cau true trqng thdi an toan cua phan thai he giai doan xay X e m xet v a c h u y l n t h i l t k l dap c h i n quang thai cho d o n v i x a y d u n g co nang luc chuyen m o n d l t i l n hanh t h i cong la y e u c i u d i u t i e n ve an toan d g i a i doan ( g o i la G5) Giao cho to chiic g i a m sat t h i c o n g dap c h i n d u o c N h a n u o c c h i d i n h de g i a m sat ya quan l y ( g o i l a G ) Y e u c i u t l chiic g i a m sat p h a i co nang luc c h u y e n m o n dat chuan quoc gia ( k y h i e u St7), g i a m sat v i e n p h a i co c h u n g c h i c h u y e n m o n ( k y h i e u St8) D o n v i t h i cong dam bao c h i t l u o n g t r o n g g i a i doan x a y d u n g dap chan quang thai ( g o i la G ) T h u c hien cai t i l n quan l y x a y d u n g ( k y h i e u St9), t h i l t lap he t h i n g c h i t l u o n g x a y d u n g theo trach n h i e m ( k y h i e u St 10) H i n h ve m o h i n h c i u t n i c trang thai an toan cua phan he g i a i doan x a y d u n g 3.2.3 Xac dinh phan cau true trqng thdi an toan cua phan he giai doan san xudt Sir d u n g phep dac dap chan ban d i u v a dap chan t r o n g qua t r i n h quang thai (goi la G ) ; D a m bao t u t i t dap c h i n quang thai tir dau ( k y h i e u S t l 1); v a d a m bao dap c h i n t r o n g qua t r i n h d l quang thai t r o n g d i l u k i e n t l t ( S t l ) ; K h a u d l quang thai c h i n h la mot cac y e u to c o ban anh h u o n g t o i hoat d o n g an toan ciia dap chan D a m bao an toan k h i d l quang thai ( g o i la G I O ) , cung d a m bao an toan x i r l y quang thai T a n g c u o n g quan l y c o n g tac quang thai (St 14), b l t r i cac p h u o n g t i e n k h a i thac m o h o p l y , tang c u o n g trach n h i e m t r o n g m o i t i n h h u l n g hoat d o n g b i n h t h u o n g ciia day c h u y e n quang thai ( S t l ) 751 Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thuat tiin mo quoc vi sir phat ti - triin bin 2010 viing Hinh ve mo hinh cau true hang thai an toan ciia phan he giai doan san xuat Sir an t o a n dap chan quang thai co t h i d u o c d a m bao k h i he t h i n g thoat n u o c hoat dong tot ( g o i la G i l ) K h a nang hoat d o n g cua he t h i n g thoat n u o c p h u thuoc vao p h u o n g tien thoat n u o c v a vao to chiic quan l y t h u o n g nhat he t h i n g thoat n u o c N h u vay, dap c h i n quang t h a i hoat d o n g an t o a n c h i k h i he t h i n g thoat n u o c hoat d o n g b i n h t h u o n g ( S t l 5), v a tang c u o n g c o n g tac quan l y t h u a n g x u y e n ( S t l ) 3.2.4 Xac dinh kin dap phan cau triic trqng thdi an toan ciia phan he giai doan dong chan D a m bao thiet ke b a i chiia quang t h a i d u o c d o n g k i n b a n g dap chan v a co them p h u o n g tien an toan d u p h o n g ( g o i la G ) D u an b a i c h i i a d o n g k i n can p h a i an toan va t i n cay, k i n h t l , co t i n h c o n g nghe (St 17) C u a dap chan h o n g g i a d o a n d o n g k i n , be chiia quang can d u o c theo d o i k i e m tra an toan, phat h i e n v a x i r l y cac s u co ( S t l 8) Hinh ve m o hinh cau tnic trang thai an toan ciia phan he giai doan dong k i n cira dap (bo qua) K e t l u a n Phan t i c h t h a n h p h a n cau t n i c h a n g t h a i an toan ciia dap chan quang t h a i co v a i tro quan t r o n g t r o n g viec xac d i n h t i n h an toan dap chan v a m o i t r u a n g x u n g quanh dap, nhan r r r biet v a danh gia n g u y c a m a t an toan, x a y d u n g he t h o n g q u a n l y v a t h u c t h i cac t h u tuc cung n h u cac b i e n phap an toan dap chan quang thai D o n g t h a i , k e t qua p h a n t i c h g o i m a suy n g h i ve quan l y an t o a n a cac l i n h v u c khac v a m a n g t i n h d i n h h u a n g , rat quan doi v o i cong tac an t o a n he t h o n g dap chan quang t h a i a T r u n g Q u o c , x a y d u n g v a hoan thien he t h o n g an t o a n t i e u chuan Tdi lieu tham khdo [1] T i m Kelly Extending the Safety Case Concept to Address Dependability PROCEEDINGS o f the 22nd I N T E R N A T I O N A L S Y S T E M S A F E T Y CONFERENCE 2004 [2] J R Inge The Safety Case, its Development and Use i n the United Kingdom 25th International System Safety Conference (ISSC 25) 2007.1 [3] H.N.Chanakya, A A P de A l w i s Exploring the Role and Content o f the Safety Case Chemical Engineers Part, Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2004 Vol.82 (no.B4): 283-290 [4] Rob J A Reference Safety Case as the basis f o r railway safety management I A B S E symposium on structures for high-speed railway transportation; 20030827-29; Antwerp(BE) [5] Chi WONG, Y i n LEONG, Joanne TSE O i l and Gas Installation Safety Case & Safety Management System Asia Pacific Sysposium on Safety;20051102-04:shaixing(CN) [6] TP kelly, J A M c Dermid A systematic approach to safety case maintenance Reliability Engineering and System safety 71(2001):pp:271-284 [7] Graham Jolliffe PRODUCING A SAFETY CASE FOR I M A B L U E P R I N T S The 24th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) Washington , D C , U S A [8] The Safety Case and Safety Assessment for Radioactive Waste Disposal D R A F T SAFETY G U I D E N o DS 355 [9] Peter Bishop, Robin Bloomfield A Methodology f o r Safety Case Development Sixth Safety-critical Systems Symposium, 1998 Birmingham [10] SAFETY CASE STUDIES Aviation Maintenance 2006.Vol.25,No.7,p.32-35 752 ... cac phan ciia hang thai an toan neu d Hinh 3.2 Phan tich phan cau true trqng thdi an toan phan he dap chan quang thdi 3.2.1 Xac dinh phan cau true trqng thdi an toan cua phan he giai doan thiet... trang thai an toan cua phan he g i a i doan x a y d u n g 3.2.3 Xac dinh phan cau true trqng thdi an toan cua phan he giai doan san xudt Sir d u n g phep dac dap chan ban d i u v a dap chan... y d u n g , san xuat v a d o n g k i n dap chan quSng t h a i , n h u l a phan he ciia trang tahis an toan 3.1 Phan tich phan cau true miic dinh cua trqng thdi an toan dap chan quang Chung cu