Hdi thdo khoa hoc "Ndng cao he sdthu hdi ddu md Bach Hd" PHAN TfCH THL/C T^ AP DUNG BOM ^P NL/CJC GILTAP S U A T V I A NHLT MOT GlAl PHAP TANG HE S 6 THU H6I DAU 6 TANG M6NG M 6 BACH H 6 Nguyen Minh T[.]
Hdi thdo khoa hoc "Ndng cao he sdthu hdi ddu md Bach Hd" PHAN TfCH THL/C T^ AP DUNG BOM ^P NL/CJC G I L T A P S U A T V I A NHLT MOT GlAl PHAP TANG HE S THU H6I DAU TANG M6NG M BACH H Nguyen Minh Toan Lavrenikov V.A XNLD Vietsovpetro ABSTRACT The oil target of White Tiger basement has an original geological and collector properties and the developmen system must be different from the others in common oil fields and ther were many potential method for enhance oi recovery could be used Injection of water is the first method to be realised in the basement to improve the oil recovery This paper made somie analysis on the development system of the basement, on the water movemen inside the resen/oir and the reason causing this process Base in these analysis the conclusions of the new resolves used to improve the effect of water injection for enhance oil recovery were made Mdng md Bach Hd dugc dua vao khai thac tU nam 1989, cho tdi da thu hdi dugc han 100 trieu t i n diu Theo tinh toan cua sa dd cdng nghe, hien san lugng diu cua mdng dang d mUe tran cao nhat He thdng khai thac eua mdng dugc thiet ke vdi bam ep nude giu ap suit via Lugng nude bam dugc tinh toan cho ap suit via hien trang cao han ap suit bao hoa khoang 5-10atm, giu cho qua trinh tach md khdng dien va thyc hien khai thac d che dp dan hdi ap nude V i n de nang cao he sd thu hdi dau cho tang mdng dang cap bach vi qua trinh khai thac md dang chuyen dan sang giai doan eudi I D A C D I ^ M DjA C H A T MONG M BACH H Mdng ket tinh la ddi tugng ehUa dau trien vong cao nhat toan bd eae phUe he ehUa dau dugc phat hien va phan chia md Bach Hd Lugng d i u thyc te khai thac tU mdng chiem 90% tdng lugng d i u md Bach Hd Mdng ket tinh mang tinh chit bit ddng nhit rit cao Cac ddi chCra dau nam xen ke cac ddi da chat xit Cac ddi khdng chua san pham phan bd ranh gidi mdng va anh hudng Idn den kha nang thu hdi d i u eua ting san pham Ty le eae ddi khdng chua san pham ndi chung tang din theo chieu sau va khdng ddng deu theo khdng gian md San lugng khai thac trung binh mdi gieng eua ddi tuang mdng thupe vdm Bae va Nam tuang ddi each biet Vdm Bae gieng ed luu lugng trung binh thip (230 t/ngd) so vai vdm Trung tam (730 t/ngd) Via diu mdng Bach Hd ed nhung dac trung dia chit sau: - Sy cd mat eua he thdng dUt gay kien tao phat trien manh me tren toan bd khu vyc - Dp sau Idn (diem cao nhit - 3050m) - Chieu day tang san pham Idn han 1000m - Khdng phat hien ranh gidi chua dau dudi, khdng cd nude ria - Nhiet dd via cao (140°C) - Sy tdn tai via cac loai da chua nUt ne, nUt ne hang hoc - Chenh lech Idn giua ap suit bao hoa va ap suit via ban d i u (gin lan) - Che dp via dan hdi khep kin 69 Hdi thdo khoa hoc "Ndng cao he sd thu hdi ddu md Bqch Ho" II D A C D I ^ M He T H N G KHAI T H A C THl/C T^ COA D | T U O N G MONG Trong qua trinh trien khai, dieu kien dia chat dugc ehinh xac hda, he thdng khai thac da dugc didu ehinh va ed thay ddi so vdi dy kien ban dau Cac dac diem chinh cua he thdng khai thac da then khai la: - Ty le trung binh giua gieng khai thac tren gieng bam ep xip xi 3:1 Ty le dao ddng Idn tren toan md, d vdm Trung tam dat tdi 2:1, dd tren vdm Bae la 10:1 gieng bam tren cac vdm phan bd khdng deu Tren vdm Bic hien chi cd gieng bam ep, luu lugng trung binh khoang 600 m^/ngd Toan bd cac gieng bdm cdn lai tap trung d vdm Trung tam, luu lugng trung binh cua mdi gieng khoang 2300 m^/ngd - Cac gieng khai thac dugc thyc hien bang mang ludi bdm ep theo dien tich, khoang each trung binh giua eae gieng khoan la 1000m tinh theo khdng gian d cung dp sau, theo dien tich khoang each tinh chung cho tat ca cac gieng la 500m Luu lugng trung binh cac gieng khai thac vdm Trung tam la 600 t/ngd, vdm Bae la 150 t/ngd - Cac gieng khai thac vdi than tran khdng chdng dng chiem 80% Phan cdn lai la cac gieng khai thac dung phin Ipe hoae chdng dng ban via - Gin mpt nCra sd gieng khai thac ed khoang md via hoat ddng dai tren 500m (45%) Cac gieng da thyc hien thu hdi ca vao phan ben dudi than diu nam vung trung gian, ca biet cd gieng nam gin gieng bam ep cung muc - Cac gieng cd luu lugng ign ve ed ban cd cac khoang hoat ddng dugc xac dinh tap trung d phan tren khoang md via Sd lugng gieng thu hdi diu tudd sau 3600m trd len chiem 40%, phan cdn lai khoang lam viec dao ddng khoang Idn khdng dugc xac dinh Sd gieng cao san cd than md via dudi 200m tap trung d be mat mdng chiem 35% - Mat dp gieng cao tren phin dinh va thap din xudng sau Ty le giura mat dp Idn nhit va thap nhat len td' 10 lan Sd gieng md vao phan than dau tU 3900m trd xudng chiem 2/3 tdng sd gieng, dd toan bd gieng bam jp nam d phan day, phin cdn lai md vao phan dinh than diu Tren Bang trinh bay mat dp cac gieng cd than au md vao tdi dp sau tuang Ung (mpt gieng cd the md vao nhieu dp sau) Cac khu vyc cd tinh chat da chua tdt mat dp gieng cao, dac trung la d phan dinh vdm Trung tam, vung cao san lugng cua mdng Bang Mat dp gieng theo chieu sau tuyet ddi Do sau Gieng Mat do, ha/gieng 3050 3200 3.7 3200 3400 17 10.4 3400 3600 37 14.2 3600 3800 54 14.9 3800 4000 51 23.3 58 38.2 Tren 4000 - Lugng diu khai thac tren vdm Trung tam chiem 91% tdng san lugng dau da thu hdi, tren vdm Bae chiem 9% - Luang nuac bam ep tren vdm Trung tam chiem 97%, tren vdm Bae chiem 3% - Che dp khai thac theo khu vyc cd sy thay ddi, tren vdm Trung tam vin giu dugc che dp dan hdi ep nude, tren vdm Bic lugng bam khdng bao dam du bu 100% lugng diu khai thac nen da xuat hien che dp tach khi, ap suit via cd xu hudng giam dudi ap suit bao hda Muc ap suit via tren vdm Trung tam quy ve dp sau 70 Hdi thdo khoa hoc "Ndng cao he sdthu hdi ddu md Bach Hd" 3050m giu tren ap suit bao hda, dd cac gieng rieng biet tren vdm Bae ap suit via da xudng thip han ap suit bao hda Cac bien phap nhim nang ap suit via cho khu vyc khdng hieu qua tinh chat di dudng eua da chUa thip va lien he thuy dpng giua gieng bam va gieng khai thac kem Sy dieu ehinh rd nhit la tinh khdng ddng deu so vdi he thdng gieng thiet ke ban dau va nguyen nhan tryc tiep anh hudng Idn nhit la dieu kien dia chit md Nude dugc bam ep manh vao eae vung tren vdm Trung tam, he sd bu cue bd theo nhung khu vyc (phan chia mpt each tuang ddi) d day len tdi 150%, mat dp gieng bam ep Idn han mUe trung binh, cac khu vyc kem han nim d vung canh, vung yen ngua ndi giua dinh vdm mCfc bam ep thip han dy kien Mdt yeu td quan trpng nua la khoang each lam viec giua gieng khai thac va bam ep Theo dy kien cac gieng khai thac se dugc khoan vao dgi khai thac nim phia tren cung than diu va gieng bam vao ddi bam ep nam d phin day via Qua trinh thi cdng mdt sd gieng khai thac dugc khoan sau vao mdng, khoang than trin Idn tdi 1000m, vi vay gieng khai thac ca vao cac khu vyc thudc ddi bam ep, khoang each giua chung vdi cac gieng bam ep lan can bi rut ngin ve chieu cao Vdi cac gieng nhu vay kha nang lam cham dp ngap nude lye trpng trudng se giam xudng tdi thieu va dac tinh ngap nude eua chung phu thupe vao chuyen dpng ngang eua nude bam nhanh hay cham 30000 - ^ San luang gii'ng 11 - • - San luong gifing 90 -*- San lucmg gi6ng 80 Hinh Quan he san lugng giUa gieng bom ep 100 vdi cac gieng khai thac lan can ii; OONG THAI DI CHUY^N COA NL/CJC BOM TRONG VIA Cac phuang phap dugc ap dung de xac dinh hudng chuyen dpng cua nude bam la dung chit chi thi mau, phuang phap danh diu phdng xa, phuang phap nguyen td vi lugng, phuang phap gay nhieu thuy ddng, phudng phap phan tich dpng thai khai thac va bam ep Theo ddi sudt qua trinh khai thac cho thiy anh hudng tryc tiep giua cac gieng bam va gieng khai thac lan can chung rit kem, khdng the xac lap quan he rd rang Cd the xac dinh quan he eua chung dya tren cac diu hieu: - Xuit hien chit chi thi cua gieng bam ep gieng khai thac 35000 40000 45000 San lucmg nude txTm, m3 93000 -•- San — San -•-San -*- San ~»- San luong luong luong luong luong gii'ng 422 gie'ng 420 gi&'ng417 gifi'ng 409 gii'ng 113000 133000 S^ lucmg nude bom, ni3 Hinh Quan he san lugng giUa gieng bam ep 421-455 vdi cac gieng khai thac lan can 100000 110000 120000 130000 -«- San lugng gie'ng -m- San lugng gi^ng 403 - » San lugng gigng 413 — San tugng gi^ng 428 150000 160000 170000 San lugng nu6c brnn, ni3 Hinh Quan he san lugng giOa gieng bam ep 464 vdi cac gieng khai thac lan can 71 Hdi thdo khoa hoc ".\dng cao he sd Ihu hdi ddu md Bach Hd" - Ddng thai bien ddi luu luang gieng khai thac thay ddi luu luang nuac bam ep - Ddng thai ap suit via gieng khai thac thay ddi ap suit bam Chuyen dpng cua nude cac trudng hap dac kiem tra cho thay rit rie rdi va khdng the xac dinh mdt each chinh xac Phan tich ddng thai bam ep-khai thac qua xay dyng dd thi quan he giua khdi lugng nude bdm ep va luu lugng diu khai thac cua eae gieng lan can cung cho thiy quan he khdng rd rang giua chung Tren eae Hinh 1-3 trinh bay eae dd thi quan he vdi he sd lien ket rat thip Tang hay giam luu lugng bdm khdrig anh hudng true tiep tdi cac gieng khai thac gin ke, mac du cd nhung nhdm gieng phan bd rit gan gieng bam ep Mdt sd gieng bam ep nhip dp Idn, luu luang cao (len tai 5000 m^/ngd) va dao ddng mpt khoang Idn (ed thdi gian luu luang bam giam tdi 50%) nhung luu lugng cac gieng khai thac xung quanh van khdng bi anh hudng dang ke Tuang Crng dpng thai ap suit via cac gieng khai thac cung khdng phu thudc cue bo vao luu luang bam eua eae gieng bam ep nim gin Ap suit via cac gieng vdm Trung tam sudt qua trinh hoat ddng deu cd chung mdt ddng thai bien ddi va phu thupe vao tdng lugng nude bam tren toan vung Cd the ket luan chic chin rang khdng thiy quan he tryc tiep giua gieng bam va gieng khai thac mdt each rd rang, mac du quan he thuy ddng giua cac gieng rit tdt Nude bam ep ve ca ban khdng di thang tdi duac gieng khai thac Than dau Idn, chenh lech chieu cao khoang hoat ddng giua chung va he thdng nUt ne manh me lam giam gradient ap suit giua gieng bam va gieng khai thac, tao dieu kien cho nuac bam ep ed xu hudng di xudng hda chung vao khdi nude day da dupe hinh va sau dd gian tiep anh hudng len toan bd he thdng gieng khai thac Tien hanh kiem tra khoang ngap nude cac gieng xuit hien nude cho thiy, nude khdng tran vao khoang dudi cua tUng gieng, ma chung xuit hien cac khoang khae eua than gieng Hinh minh hpa ket qua xac dinh khoang ngap nude cac gieng 3000 452 420 !443 428 1409 1417 1411 430 413 '404 KtlO '902 SOT WW OTT SDT WT 5000 J 0000 15000 20000 25000 4098 4107 4200 "?Z3D" '426J 426) Q 435( 4400 4600 410) 4365 4328 ^2W 4365 4531 II4705 45000 50000 5000 - Noc mong Khoang bin via •Than tran 6'ng chtfng khai thac Fill loc Hinh Oinh vi sa bp cac khoang ngap nude cac gie'ng mdng 72 35000 40000 4782 4800 30000 Hdi thdo khoa hoc "Ndng cao he sdthu hdi ddu md Bach Hd" Nude xuat hien d nhung khoang dp sau khae cac gieng cho thiy tinh chit phuc tap cua chuyen dpng ranh gidi diu nude Cd gieng (428) khoan xong va dua vao khai thac nhanh chdng cho nude va hien da ngUng hoat ddng mac dii trudc dd khdng cd gieng nao khai thac khu vyc Dp cao nhd nhit gap nude la gieng 430, nude ghi nhan d chieu sau 3411-3450m Rieng eae gieng vung yen ngya, dp cao xuit hien nude thap han cac gieng vdm Trung tam nhung chung gan nhu da gin sat be mat mdng Viec xac dinh ranh gidi dau nude nhan tao thyc hien de xac dinh chieu cao nude dang De tinh chieu cao ranh gidi diu - nude sir dung edng thUe Zdanov: HD-N - H K T + 10 *P, 1Q*P,,+(H,-H,,-)*YN (1) YN - Y D Vdi: - HD.N : Op sau tuyet ddi ranh gidi diu nude, m - HKT : Op sau tuyet ddi ap suit gieng khai thac, m - Hg: Op sau tuyet ddi ap suit gieng bam, m - PKJ : Ap suit gie'ng khai thac, at - Pg: Ap suit gieng bam, at - YN, YD : Ty trpng dau va nude via, g/cm^ Tinh toan thyc hien cho eae gieng khai thac chua ngap nude, cd tinh tdi anh hudng cua eae gie'ng bam ep gin nhit ma theo dy doan la anh hudng manh nhit tdi gie'ng khai thac Cac tinh toan tien hanh cho cac giai doan khae cho thiy dpng thai dang cao cua ranh gidi diu nude tien hanh chu yeu cho vung Trung tam lugng bam tap trung, sd lugng gie'ng khai thac nhieu va sd lieu lien tuc Trong eae gie'ng thay rd qua trinh nude dang len theo thdi gian (Bang 2) Bang Ranh gidi nude dang cac gieng khai thac Gieng Thdi gian 421 409 1/1994 3/1994 3880 3871 430 3919 3919 3833 3833 3668 3668 3880 2/1995 7/1995 405 3871 11/1995 10/1998 3674 3674 10/1999 3610 3610 Tinh toan chuyen ddng nude bam ep tU gie'ng bam theo edng thCfc Darcy chuyen ddi cua tien sT Alisaev M.G [10] chUng minh nude bam ep chuyen ddng vdi xu the dUng nhanh han nim ngang, tao vdm nude chuyen dich xudng dudi day than dau Ty le chuyen dpng dUng so vdi chuyen dpng ngang thdng ke Bang Mdt dac didm quan la qua trinh nang len eua ranh gidi dau nude mang tinh toan cue Ranh gidi dau nude cao d trung tam ddi bam ep manh va thip din phia xa Tinh nhap nhd cue bp phan anh dp bit ddng nhat cua da chUa, chenh lech ranh gidi giua eae gieng lan can dao dpng khoang 100m, nhung mUe dp ngap nude via giai doan hien cd the khing dinh tuang ddi ddng deu, Mpt nguyen nhan quan trpng la 73 Hdi thdo khoa hoc "Ndng cao he sdthu hdi ddu md Bach Ho' Bang Tinh toan dudngdi nude bam ep Gieng 88 429 905 421 100 425 405 914 424 452 804 437 911 455 433 435 427 464 436 Khoang each chuyen dong cUc dai nUdc bdm ep, m Ty le chuyen dong len tren/ xudng di/dl, % Ngang Len tren Xudng dufdi 383 490 351 482 370 519 763 461 609 522 616 551 450 905 575 560 688 858 489 112 906 265.8 181 861 212.7 162 657 233.3 210 808 211.2 180 622 216.8 228 764 191.1 270 776 137.1 239 679 199.1 300 756 173.4 277 694 186.0 300 666 156.8 300 650 172.4 262 550 180.4 361 730 120.6 336 652 171.8 358 523 157.3 409 558 140.6 397 502 104.8 319 384 143.8 tinh chit da chua khu vyc dinh vdm Trung tam tuang ddi tdt, day la ddi nut ne manh va cd dp tham tdt Sau chiem ehd d phan dudi than diu, vung ngap nude neng biet cua cac gie'ng bam ep tiep xuc nhau, tao khdi nude thdng nhit Tren Bang trinh bay ket qua tinh toan dy doan chieu cao nude dang qua tdng the tich nude bdm ep chie'm ehd via Liy he sd bao trum la 0.7, dp rdng trung binh tu 4000m trd xudng bing 0.83%, tinh toan cho eae gie'ng bam ep khu vyc vdm Trung tam vdi ban kinh anh hudng theo thie't ke la 500m Neu dien tich anh hudng cua cac gie'ng bam ep thay ddi (theo phuang an) thi cho thiy tdi thang 10/2000 dp dang cao trung binh eua khdi nude bam ep dao ddng tu 502 den 614m Chieu sau than diu theo thie't ke khai thac la 4425m nhu vay ranh gidi dau nude theo tinh toan ed the dang d dp sau 3700-3800m Thyc te ghi nhan nude da xuit hien cac gieng ed dp sau tU 3400-3800m tai nhung gieng khai thac tren dinh vdm Trung tam, kha phu hgp tinh toan Trong qua trinh khai thac ehi sd trung binh cac gie'ng vdm Trung tam lien tue giam thang 12.1992 la 210m^/t, thang 12.1995 la 182m^/t, tdi thang 12.1997 la 176mVt Hien tugng cho thiy dau chuyen ddng tU dudi len rat rd rang 74 Hdi thdo khoa hoc "Ndng cao he sdthu hdi ddu md Bqch Hd" Bang Thdi gian He sd dao Dien tich anh LUdng nUdc Do rong trung The tich nUdc Chieu cao Sd gieng dong dien tich hi/dng, m^ (r=500m) bdm ep, ng.m^ binh, ph.d.v bdm chie'm cho nUdc dang bdm 12/97 21 0.9 14844 30246 0.0083 5205852 351 12/98 22 0.9 15551 45842 0.0083 7890189 507 12/99 26 0.9 18378 60662 0.0083 10440964 568 10/00 30 0.9 21206 75623 0.0083 13016007 614 12/97 21 1.0 16493 30246 0.0083 5205852 316 12/98 22 1.0 17279 45842 0.0083 7890189 457 12/99 26 1.0 20420 60662 0.0083 10440964 511 10/00 30 1.0 23562 75623 0.0083 13016007 552 12/97 21 1.1 18143 30246 0.0083 5205852 287 12/98 22 1.1 19007 45842 0.0083 7890189 415 12/99 26 1.1 22462 60662 0.0083 10440964 465 10/00 30 1.1 25918 75623 0,0083 13016007 502 Nhu vay, nhung minh chUng nhu quan he thuy lye giua gie'ng bam va gie'ng khai thac ma nhat, ket qua dac bing chit chi thi, tinh toan vdm chuyen dpng cua nude bam ep cung nhu tinh toan chieu cao khdi nude dang cho phep ket luan nude bam cd xu the chuyen dpng di xudng phan day than dau, hinh mdt khdi nude day va nhd lien thdng thuy lye tdt tac dpng trd lai eae gie'ng khai thac IV OAC TlNH NGAP NLTdC COA CAC G I ^ N G KHAI THAC Odng thai ngap nude cua cac gie'ng thudc loai day diu piston, dac trung la phan Idn cac gie'ng khai thac khdng ed nude, sau nude xuit hien, ty le nude san pham tang cao nhanh chdng va gie'ng se khdng cho dau sau mpt thdi gian ngan Giai doan thu hdi dau sau ngap nude khdng keo dai, luu lugng dau thip Tru lugng thu hdi cua gie'ng thdi ky ngap nude khdng qua 5-15% Xay dyng dd thi ddng thai ngap nude eae gie'ng cho thay tinh ture thdi eua dp ngap nude Nghien cuu va so sanh ddng thai ngap nude de danh gia qua trinh thu hdi dau cua md cd the thyc hien bang dd thi quan he y-T dd: Q CL day: Y : La he sd bieu thi phan diu san pham khai thac; QD : Lugng dau san pham theo thdi gian; Qc L: Lugng chit luu khai thac theo thgi gian; (1-Y).100% : Chinh la dp ngap nude san pham; X : Thdng sd khdng thU nguyen T = 2:Qn M, 75 Hdi thdo khoa hoc "Ndng cao he sdthu hdi ddu md Bach Ho" Vdi: IQr,: Tdng lugng dau khai thac dieu kien via Mg: Tru lugng dia chat eua gie'ng (hoae md) dieu kien via Cac bien phap lam giam dp ngap nude nhu giam nhip dp khai thac, phan each nude khdng cd tac dung kha quan Bien phap ngan chan qua trinh tang dp ngap nude bang giam lugng bam ep din tgi giam luu lugng dau San lugng diu thu hdi thdi gian tu sau nude bat diu xuat hien chie'm ty le rit thip so vdi tdng san lugng dau khai thac dugc eua gieng Gia tri theo thdng ke chie'm khoang 5-15% tdng san lugng dau thu hdi cua gie'ng Cac gie'ng nim vung khdng thuan lgi cho khai thac (tinh chit thim chua thip, bit ddng nhit cao ) san lugng dau thu hdi thdi ky khdng cd nude edn nhd han nO'a Giai quyet vin de thip ty le nude san pham khai thac mdt each ca ban chi ed the thyc hien bing each keo dai thdi gian khai thac khdng cd nude, dd han che xuit hien ludi nude la giai phap quan trpng quyet dinh V K^T LUAN VA KI^N NGHI * Ket luan: He thdng bam ep giu ap suit via thay ddi Idn tinh chit bat ddng nhit da chCra eua ting mdng, mat can xUng phan phdi lugng nuge bam, nhung sy lien thdng thuy lye manh me giua cac khu vyc gie'ng, nhat la tren toan bd vdm Trung tam cho phep thyc hien bu khai thac bing bam ep ddi vdi nhung vung khdng ed du lugng 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