KET QUA KHAO SAT HOP CtL^T CO THIEC TRONG TRAM TICH VA MOT SO LOAI CA TRONG VUNG BIEN VEN B 6 PHIA BAC VIET NAM Duo''''ng Thanh Nghj, Nguyen Due Cu, Cao Thj Thu Trang I MO DAU Hgp chit ca thiic la nhiing[.]
KET QUA KHAO SAT HOP CtL^T CO THIEC TRONG TRAM TICH VA MOT SO LOAI CA TRONG VUNG BIEN VEN B PHIA BAC VIET NAM Duo'ng Thanh Nghj, Nguyen Due Cu, Cao Thj Thu Trang I MO DAU Hgp chit ca thiic la nhiing hgp chat him ca cd lien ket vdi thiec co cong thuc ciu tao chung la Rn-Sn-Xm, dd R thudng la goc ankyl va X la nhdm halogen, dxy, bay sunfua dugc su dung lam thuoc tru sau, diet nam, chong moi mgt, va sinh vat bam nhu hau, ba Do chung dugc su dung rdng rai cac nganh nong nghiep, cdng nghiep, dac biet la son tau bien [5] Sy phat trien manh me cua cang bien, ddng mdi va sua chua tau bien, va cac nganh cong nghiep, nong nghiep c6 the lam gia tang dang ke ham lugng cac chat huu ca dang vet nhu tributyltin(TBT) mdi trudng bien ven bd De xac dinh ham lugng cac chat vung bien ven bd phia bae Viet Nam, bai hgp phan moi trudng tram tich va sinh vat cua khu vyc la Tra Cd, Cua Luc va Dd Son da dugc phan tich bai miia mua va khd nam 2007 Ket qua khao sat giup danh gia sa bd sy ton luu cua chat bun co ben, dang vet tributyltin tram tich day va ca vung ven bien phia Bae II DIA DIEM VA PHU^OTVG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1 Dia diem va thdi gian thu mau Mau mdi tmdng bien gdm tram tich va ba loai ca vung cua song ven bien dugc thu tai ba khu vyc Tra Cd, Cda Luc va Dd Son vao hai dgt: Dgt mdt vao thang (dai dien mua kho) va dgt vao thang (dai dien mua mua) nam 2007 Mau dugc bao quan lanh va dua ve phong thi nghiem cua Vien Tai nguyen va Moi trudng bien de phan tich (hinh 1) 2.2 Phuong phap thu mau Mau tram tich dugc lay bang cuoc chuyen dung Peterxen, sau chuyen man vao tui nilon sach va bao quan d C hop xop [1] Man ca dugc chgn la ba loai ca phd bien va cd gia tri kinh te gom: ca vugc, ca trap va ca hdp Sau lay, mau ca dugc gdi tui nilon sach va bao quan lanh de chuyen ve phong thi nghiem [2] 2.3 PhtfOTig phap xu- ly mau M I U trim tich dugc de hong khd dilu kien phong thi nghiem 20 C, am 20%) Sau do, dong nhat mau bang cdi ma nao va sang dl loai bd vat tho lan mau Can 20g d l tiln hanh phan tich [1] Mau ca, dugc md tach liy phan thit Dung thilt bi xay chuyen dung de ddng nhat miu sinh vat (phin thit cua ca) Can 20g dl thyc hien phan tich [2] 137 DUdng Thanh Nghi, Nguyen Du'c Cu, Cao Thi Thu Trang CUB ivo ctrsrtr - iir^rjt-) f>4Son or43tr'- iDfsett-) now Hinh Cac tram khao sat tham ven bd bien phia Bae 2.4 Phirong phap phan tich mau Phuang phap phan tich hgp chit ca thiic theo Duong Thanh Nghi (2005) [3] va theo Hattori (1984) [8] Miu dugc chiit bing bl sieu am vdi lin 50ml metallic, them vao 100ml dung mdi benzene Dich chiit dugc chiit tilp bing 150ml hdn hgp dung moi n-hexan: diclormediane (1:1 v/v) Lam giau mau bing may cd quay chan khdng den the tich 5-7ml Lam sach mau bing cdt tach vdi chit nhdi la silicagel hoat hda axit HCl va 100ml hon hgp dung mdi n-hexan : diclomethane (1:1 v/v) Bam pi phan chiet da lam sach vao sac ky kit ndi vdi diu cdng kit dien tu de xac dinh ndng Tributyltin mau III KET QUA PHAN TICK VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Ket qua phan tich Mdu trdm tich: Phan tich mau khao sat miia khd, thang va mua mua, thang nam 2007 vdi mau tram tich cua ba tram quan trac cho ket qua bang 1: Bang Ham lugng Tributyltin (TBT) man tram tich TBT (ng/g kho) Do Son Cua Luc Tra Co Trung binh Miia kho 0,063 0,033 0,029 0,042 Miia mua 0,208 0,086 ND 0,147 Trung binh toan vimg 0,172 0,060 0,029 0,087 (ND: khong phat hien) 138 Tuyen tap Tai nguyen va Moi tn/dng bien Tap XIV Tu bang cho thiy, ham lugng tmng binh vung cua hgp chit d nhiem ca thiic TBT miia kho la 0,042ng/g kho thap hon mua mua la 0,147ng/g kho Ham lugng hgp chit ca thiec tram tich thap nhit la 0,029ng/g kho thugc khu vyc Tra Cd, tang len tai Cua Luc la 0,06ng/g khd va dat cao nhit la khu vyc D6 Son d muc 0,172ng/gkhd Nhu vay, ham lugng hgp chat ca thiec TBT tram tich biin ven bd miln bic Viet Nam nam 2007 co xu hudng tang len ca hai miia theo chilu tu Bic (khu vyc Tra Cd) xudng phia Nam (khu vyc Dd Son), trung binh cho toan vimg la 0,087ng/g kho (hinh 2) 0,25 0,2 nMCia kho 0,15 • Mua mi.i'a O) "a 0,1 D Trung binh to^n vung c 0,05 PI • V'A TrS Co wti t,»'.aa Cda Lgc '' 'I^'M HH Do Sen Trung binh Hinh Ham lugng TBT tram tich bien ven bd phia Bae nam 2007 Mdu cd: - Tai khu vuc Cica Luc: Phan tich mau khao sat mua khd thang va mua mua thang nam 2007 vdi cac mau sinh vat tai khu vyc Cua Luc cho ket qua bang 2: Bang Ham luong Tributyltin cac mau ca thu dugc tai Cira Luc Mua Ham lugng (ng/g kho) Trung binh Ca bop Ca Trap Ca Vugc Kho 0,181 0,333 ND 0,257 Mua NS 0,060 NS 0,06 Trung binh loai 0,181 0,197 ND 0,189 (ND: khong phat hien; NS: khdng thu dugc mau) Kit qua phan tich ham lugng TBT cac mau sinh vat ca bdp, ca trap va ca vugc cho thiy, hgp chit ca thiec TBT deu dugc phat hien thiy cac mau ca bdp va ca trap d ca hai mua mua va miia khd nam 2007 tai tram quan trie Cua Luc Ham lugng hgp TBT mau ca thu dugc tai khu vyc Cua Luc la 0,189ng/g khd Trong dd, ham lugng hgp chat co diiec TBT trung bmh mau_ca mua kho la 0,257ng/g khd, cao ban mua mua la 0,06ng/g kho khoang 4,3 lan Trong mau ca, mau ca trap ludn cd ham lugng hgp chat ca diiec TBT cao nhit d ca hai mua (khd va mua) (hmh 3) 139 Duong Thanh Nghi, Nguyen Dire CU, Cao Thi Thu Trang - Tgi khu vuc Trd Co Ket qua phan tich mau ca thu tai khu vyc Tra Cd thang va thang nam 2007 dugc trinh bay bang 3: S P 0,35 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 o,i 0,05 O Q M u a kh6 • M u a mu'a • Trung binh CA bb'p Cd Trdp CA Vu'O'C Trung binh Hinh Ham lugng TBT thit ca tai tram Cua Luc nam 2007 Bang Ham lugng Tributyltin cac man ca thu khu vyc Tra Co Ham lugng (ng/g kho) Miia Trung binh Ca Trap CaBdp Ca Vugc Kho 0,131 0,399 0,230 0,254 Mua NS 0,222 NS 0,222 Trung binh loai 0,066 0,311 0,115 0,164 (ND: khong phat hi^n; NS: khong thu dugc mau) DMiia kho • Mua mu'a a Trung binh 0^ Beep C^ Trap C^ Vu'O'C Trung binh loai Hinh Ham lugng TBT thit ca tai khu vuc Tra Co nam 2007 Ket qua bang cho thiy, ham lugng hgp chit ca thiic TBT diu dugc tim thiy cac mau ca bdp, ca trap va ca vugc thu dugc ca hai mua (mua va khd) nam 2007 tai Tra Co Ham lugng trung binh hgp chit ca thiic TBT miu ca la 0,164ng/g kho, thap ban so vdi mau ca thu tai Cua Luc Trong ba loai ca khao sat, thit ca trap ludn cd ham lugng hgp chit ca thiic TBT cao hon thit ca bdp va ca vugc (hinh 4) 140 Tuyen tap Tai nguyen va Moi trudng bien Tap XIV 3.2 Thao luan Ket qua khao sat hgp chat ca thiec mua mua va miia klio nam 2007 tai kliu \ ye bien ven bd mien Bae cho thay: - Ham lugng hgp chat co thiec TBT da xuat hien cac mau tram tich thu dugc hai miia khao sat Ham lugng tmng binh cua hgp chat ca thiec TBT la 0,087ng/g khd Tuy thap ban nhieu lan so vdi tieu chuin ca thiic cua chit lugng tram tich Uc la 70ng/g khd tdng sd gdm Tributyltin, Dibutyltin, va Monobutyltin (TBT + DBT + MBT), nhung day mdi chi la mdt phin tributyltin (TBT) Vi vay, can phai tiep tuc khao sat hgp chat ca thiec vdi cac dang hgp chat khac cua co thiec nhu dibutyltin, tripentyltin de co the so sanh danh gia mdt each sat thyc hon ham lugng hgp chat tram tich vung bien phia Bae - Hgp chat ca thiec TBT cung da xuat hien thit mdt so loai ca thu dugc bai miia khao sat tai cac khu vyc Cua Lyc va Tra Cd Ham lugng tmng binh hgp chat TBT thit ca cua vung la khoang 0,16-0,18ng/g khd Ddi chieu ham lugng TBT tram tich va thit ca, co the thay ham lugng TBT mau tram tich Tra Co thap (0,029ng/g) tuong img vdi ham lugng TBT thit ca tai tram cung thap (0,164ng/g) Ham lugng TBT tram tich Cua Luc cao hon (0.06ng/g) thi ham lugng TBT thit ca tai tram ciing cao tuong duong (0,18ng/g) - De cd the danh gia chinh xac ban sy tich luy cac chat d nhiem ca thiec sinh vat can phai tiep tyc md rdng thdng so phan tich va ddi tugng sinh vat phan tich nhu loai hai manh vd va myc IV KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI - Kit qua tham dd khao sat budc dau vdi hgp chat nhiem ca thiec TBT nam 2007 vdi trim tich va thit ca cho thay chung khong chi xuat hien mdi tmdng ma cdn phat hien thay sy gia tang chat d nhiem ca thiec mua kho cao ban mua mua d ca ca va trim tich Xu hudng gia tang cua chat nhiem co thiec theo chieu tu Bic (khu vyc Tra Cd) xuong Nam (khu vyc Do Son) - Nen md rgng theo ddi vdi chat d nhiem ca thiec ca hgp phan nude, tram tich, va sinh vat dl cd dugc mdt buc tranh day du va toan canh cho khu vyc bien ven bd phia Bic Viet Nam ve hgp chat d nhiem co thiec TAI LIEU THAM KHAO APHAAVPCF/AWWA.,Washington (1975) Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater Boyer J (1989) "Toxicity of dibutyltin, tributyltin and other organotin compounds to humans and experimental animals", Toxicology 55 (3), pp 253-298 Dang Kim Chi (2003) "Nghien cim dgc hgc moi tmdng dau tien d Viet Nam (VIE/97/031)", Tap chi Khoa hgc va Cong nghe (s6 10), tr.l3 Du-OTig Thanh Nghi (2006) "Nghien cim phan tich hgp chat co thiec Tributyltin (TBT) nude bien" De tai ca sd 2005, luu tai IMER Dang Ddc Nhan (2005) "Hgp chat co thiec tram tich bien ven bd Viet Nam", 141 Duong Thanh Nghj, Nguyen Due Ci/, Cao Thj Thu Trang Vien Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Hat nhan, Ha Noi Michael Kamrin (1997) ''Environmental Impact and Fate ", Pesticides Profiles, New York Pham Hdng Viet (1998) "Nghien cuu sy tdn luu va van chuyin cac boa chat gay rdi loan noi tiet to (EDCs) tai mdt so vimg ven bien Viet Nam", Bdo cdo tong ket ndm (2005-2007), Dy an Viet Nam - Han Qudc, Dai hgc Khoa hgc ttr nhien, Ha Ndi Yukikazu Hattory (1984) " Ditermination of trialkyltin, dialkyltin compounds in environmental sediments" Jounal of Chromatography, 315 Elservier Science PubHshors Summary ORGANOTIN IN SEDIMENTS AND SOME FISH SPECIES IN NORTH VIETNAM COASTAL WATERS Duong Thanh Nghi, Nguyen Due Cu, Cao Thi Thu Trang The organotin is a organic compound, that have united with a tin atom Their formulation is Rn-Sn-Xm In which, the R is ankyl group and X are halogen, oxygen, or sulfur The organotin compounds is used in pesticides, insecide, terminus elimination and protecting ship hulls from oyster, snail, bivalve For this reason, they are used widely in agriculture, industry and in antifouding paint for ship hulls [5] The rapidly developing of sea ports, industrial and agricultural sectors could make trace content of tributyltin (TBT) in coastal sea environment increasing considerably In order to determine the content of TBT in the North of Vietnamese coastal sea area, the sediment and biota components of three locations as Tra Co, Ha Long and Do Son were collected and analysed in the dry and rainny season in 2007 The result of TBT of the North of Vietnamese coastal sea area in the dry and wet season 2007 show that: - The TBT content appears in the fish samples of all dry and wet season at the Cua Luc and Tra Co monitoring stations The average content of TBT is from 0.16 ng/g dry weight to 0.18 ng/g dry weight In which, the TBT content in the TraCo station sediment sample (0.029ng/g) is lower than CuaLuc station sediment sample (0.06ng/g) This correlation is the same to the TBT content in the fish samples at the TraCo (0.163ng/g) and CuaLuc (0.18ng/g) station, respectively - The initial resuh of TBT pollutant in sediment and biota samples in 2007 show that It is not only appearance but also higher content in all sediment and biota samples in dry season 2007 The increasing trend of TBT content is from the north, Tra Co station, to the south Do Son station May be the reason is development sea port system recendy, because the maine source of TBT to the coast sea is paint of ship hulls 142 ... lugng hgp chat ca thiec TBT tram tich biin ven bd miln bic Viet Nam nam 2007 co xu hudng tang len ca hai miia theo chilu tu Bic (khu vyc Tra Cd) xudng phia Nam (khu vyc Dd Son), trung binh cho toan... Trung binh Hinh Ham lugng TBT tram tich bien ven bd phia Bae nam 2007 Mdu cd: - Tai khu vuc Cica Luc: Phan tich mau khao sat mua khd thang va mua mua thang nam 2007 vdi cac mau sinh vat tai khu vyc... chuyin cac boa chat gay rdi loan noi tiet to (EDCs) tai mdt so vimg ven bien Viet Nam" , Bdo cdo tong ket ndm (2005-2007), Dy an Viet Nam - Han Qudc, Dai hgc Khoa hgc ttr nhien, Ha Ndi Yukikazu Hattory