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H6i Dia Iy Viet Nam Dal hpc Thai Nguyen GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LlTOfNG VA HIEU QUA VIEC B O I DlTOfNG THtrOfNG XUYEN GIAO VIEN TRUNG H O C PHO THONG NGANH DIA LI CHO KHU VlfC MIEN NUI PHIA BAC VIET N[.]
H6i Dia Iy Viet Nam Dal hpc Thai Nguyen GIAI P H A P NANG CAO CHAT LlTOfNG VA HIEU QUA VIEC B O I DlTOfNG THtrOfNG XUYEN GIAO VIEN TRUNG H O C P H O THONG NGANH DIA LI C H O KHU VlfC MIEN NUI PHIA BAC VIET NAM D6 Vu Son^ Abstract Solutions to improve the quality and effectiveness of regular fostering for Geography teachers in secondary school sector io the northern mountainous region Regular fostering teachers in general and teachers of geography in the secondary sector in particular IS an indispensable task m order to constantly improve the quality of teachers The current form of gathering for periodic refresher has many shortcomings, such as: teachers are not realty regularly updated new Icnowledge Travel and accommodation for this kind of periodic refresher is very costly and time-consuming, especially for teachers in northern mountainous areas, where traffic is more difficult and teachers' income is low The solution to this problem is a combination of online training via the internet and gathering for periodic refresher Using the Internet for online training brings many benefits, including: - Teachers are regularly updated new knowledge on the Internet - No expenses for travel, meals and accommodation - Teachers have opportunities separated by geographical space to meet, exchange and learn with experts and peers, and are not ' Through online training, teachers can grasp and deploy modern teaching methods to schools in the The contents that can not be done or are not effectively done via the Internet will be implemented by gathering for periodic refresher, so this way will shorten the training time and the content will be more concise l.DATVANDE Boi dudng thudng xuygn (BDTX) giao vien ndi chung v i giio vign Trung hoc thdng (THPT) nginh Dia li ndi neng li mdt nhiem vu quan va rit can thiet nham khdng ngiing nang cao chat lupng giao vien THPT Hinh tiuic boi dudng tap trung dinh ki nhu hien cd nhieu bat cgp, la giao vien khong thudng xuygn cap nhat dupe kien thiic mdi; viec di Igi, an d tap tinng gay ton kem, mat thdi gian, dgc biet doi vdi khu vuc mign mii phia Bac, noi giao thdng nhieu kho khan va thu nhap ciia giio vien cdn thap Ung dyng Intemet de xay dyng v i trien khai dio tgo true tuyen nhim thyc hien nhiem vu BDTX giao vien THPT nganh Dja li cho khu vuc mien niii phia Bic la mpt giai phip mang Igi chat lupng va hieu qua cao B I DUONG THUdNG XUYEN GIAO VIEN THPTNGANH DIA LI 2.1 Muc dich cua boi duxrng thuwng xuyen giao vien trung hgc thdng nganh Dia li - Giio vien hpc tap BDTX di cap nhat kien thiic ve chuyen nginh Dja li va cae kien tiuic lien quan khac, boi duang pham chat chinh tri, dgo diic nghe nghiep, phat trign nang lyc dgy hpc, " rtang^lycgiao-duc-va-nhungnang-lyc khac-theo ygu cau cua chuan nghe nghiep giao vien, yeu cau nhipm vy nam hoc, cap hpc, yen cau phat trien giao dye cua dia phuang, yeu cau doi mdi va nang cao chat lupng giao due - Phit trien nang lyc ty hpc, ty boi dudng cua giio vien, nang lyc ty danh gia hieu qua BDTX; nang lyc to chiic, quin ly hogt ddng ty hpc, ty boi duong giio vien cua nha trudng, cua Sd Giao due va Dio tgo ^Trudng Dgi hgc Sir phgm-DHTN Kp yiu Hpi nghi Khoa hoc Dia Ip todn qudc ldn tha f Hoi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hpc Thii Nguygn 2.2 Noi dung boi dw&ng t h u ^ g xuyen giao vien THPT nganh Dia U - Npi dung BDTX giao vien THPT nganh Dja li dupe quy dinh chuong trinh BDTX Bd trudng Bd Giio due va Dao tgo ban hanh va duac cac co sd dio tao xay dyng chi tiet tiieo yeu ciu ciia timg npi dung bpi dudng tiieo timg nam hpc - Tong tiidi luang BDTX doi vdi mdi giio vien li 120 tiet/ nim hpc, bao gom: + Ndi dung b6i dudng dip ling yeu cau thye hien nhiem vy nim hpc khoang 30 tiet/ nim hpc + Ndi dung boi duang dip irng ygu cau thuc hign nhiem vy phit trien giio dye dia phuong theo nam hoc, bao gom ca ndi dung boi dudng cic dy in tiiyc hign: khoang 30 tiit/ nam hpc + Npi dung boi dudng dap ung nhu cau phat trien nghe nghiep lien tyc ciia giio vien: khoang 60 tiet/ nam hoc - Thai lupng BDTX ciia mdi npi dung bdi dudng cd flii duoc thay ddi de phu hpp vdi yeu can, nhiem vy giao due cua nam hpc, vdi yeu eau, nhiem vy giap dye cua dja phuong nhung tong thdi lupng BDTX doi vdi giio vien moi nam hpc dam bio 120 tiit 2.3 Hinh thirc boi dirffng thirdng xuyen - BDTX bing ty hpc cua giip vien ket hop vdi cac sinh hoat tgp thi vg chuyen mdn, nghigp vu tgi to bp mdn ciia nha tiirdng, lien trudng hoac cum trudng - BDTX tap trung nhim hudng dan tu hpc, thye hinh, hg th6ng hda kiin thiic, giai dap thic mic, hudng dan nhirng npi dung BDTX khd ddi vdi giap vien, d ^ ling nhu cau ciia giip vign tiong hpc tap BDTX; tap dieu kien cho giio vign cd co hpi dupe trao doi ve chuyen mdn, nghiep vy vi luyen tgp kT nang - BDTX theo hinh thiic hpc tap tir xa (qua mang Intemet) 2.4 Thtfc tr^ng boi duong thuwng xuyen giao vien THPT nganh Dia li tf khu virc mien nui phia Bac Nhiem vy BDTX cho 13 tinh thupc khu vuc mien mii, tnmg du phia Bic duoc Bp Giao dye vi Dio tgo giao nhigm vu cho Trudng Dai hpc Su pham - DHTN thuc hien Trong thdi gian tir 2006 den 2010, Trudng da thuc hien b6i dudng thudng xuyen tap trung dot giio vien THPT cot cin nganh Dja li (xem bang 1) Bdng I Tdng hgp bdi dudng thudng xuyin gido viin ngdnh Dia li N3i dung BDTX Nam Solugug h^c vign - M6t so vinde dja li ty nhiend THPT - Mpt s6 van di dja U kinh te-xa hpi d THPT 2006 85 - Mpt so vin di doi mdi phuong p h ^ dgy hpc d THPT 2007 88 2008 92 2010 115 - Dja h khu vyc qu6c gia - Khii quit dja Ii kmh ti tiii gidi - Phuong phip dgy hpc Dig ly Idp 11 - Mdt so van de doi mdi phuang phip dgy hpc tiieo chuong tiinh sich giio khoa Dia li ldp 12 - Nhimg van de dia li ty nhien Vigt Nam - Nhirng vin di dja h cic viing kinh ti - Dja U dan cu vi cic nginh kinh te - Mdt so van di dja Ii kinh ti - xa hdi the gidi - Nhung vin de dja li khu vyc va qu6c gia - Nhung vin de dia li Vigt Nam - Mdt so phuang phip dgy hpcticheye Ky yiu Hdi ngh{ Khoa hgc Dia Ip todn qudc ldn tha Dai hoc Thai Nguyen Hoi Dia ly Vift Nam - Phuang thiic td chiic BDTX Ii t ^ trung - Tong hprp dieu tra chit lupng BDTX nganh Dja li (xem bang 2) Bdng Tdng hop kit qud diiu tra BDTX Ve phirong ph^p boi dinhig Ve noi dung boi dirffng N3m (%) So philu dieu tra Tmh mdi D9t Khong d9t (%) Tinh diiet thuc Bat Khong dat Tinh mdi Dat Khong dat Tinh thiet thvrc Dat Khong dat 2006 85 98,8 1,2 94.1 5.9 96,4 3,6 90.5 9.5 2007 80 91,0 6,3 90,0 3,4 85,4 8,4 78,4 8,3 2008 88 96,9 2,8 94,9 2,6 94.0 3,98 93,2 2,6 2010 115 91.3 0,6 91,4 0,1 89.5 0,7 89.6 0,8 TB 368 94,5 2.7 92.6 3,0 91.3 4,1 87.9 SJ 2.5 Mot so nhgn xet sau to chirc boi duwng thucmg xuyen cho giao vien trung hfc thong nganh Dia Ii a) Nhiing vdn di dgt duac - Dip ling tPt yeu ciu ve BDTX cho giio vien THPT nginh Dia li Qua so heu dieu tra cho thiy npi dung bpi dudng v i phuang phap boi dudng deu dgt tien 90% ca ve tinh thiit thyc va tinh mdi; - Giio vien THPT dupe tryc tiip hpc hdi cac chuyen gia, giing vien dgi hpc, dupe thio lugn tgp trung nham trao doi chuyen mdn, phuang phap, kinh nghiem day hoc; - Li ca hpi chp giao vien dupe giao luu, tham quan b) Mpt sd hgn chi - BDTX tgp trung theo tirng dot khdng the dip ling dupe viec cgp nhgt dupe kiin thiic dia Ii cd SP lipu thay d6i thudng xuyen theo thdi gian, dgc biet vdi cic ndi dung ve dia li Kinh te - Chinh trj - Viec di Igi, an d, sinh hogt gay nhieu t6n kem, mit nhieu thdi gian cho hpc vien Viec to chiic ldp hpc tgp tnmg ciing ton nhieu kinh phi nhu: tai lieu, chuyen gia giang day, cpsd vat chat, c) Gidi phdp - De khic phuc cic hgn chi tren, giai phap sir dung Intemet dao tao true tuyen cho giio vign THPT la giii phq) tot de nang cao chat lupng, hieu qui UNG DUNG D A O TAO TRUC TUYEN TREN INTERNET DE BOI D U O N G THUdNG XUYEN GlAO VIEN TRUNG HOC PHO T H N G N G A N H DIA LI 3.1 Tong quan ve dao t^o true tuyen - Khii niem dao tgo tryc tuyen: Dao tao true tuyin la mdt loai hmh dao tao hudng tdi tiiyc hien tot myc tieu dgy - hpc, dd cd su tuang tic tryc tiep giua ngudi dgy vdi ngudi hpc ciing ~nbu cpng dong hpc tgp mpt cachlhuan Ipi thdng qua Cdng nghe thdng tin va tmyen thdng - Cic thinh phan ciia dao tgo tnrc tuyen: + He thong xay dyng npi dung bii giing la sin phim dimg de ho tip giio vign xay dung ndi dung bii giing tryc tuyen + He thong quin ly hpc tgp tryc tuyen la he thong diing di tgo, luu tru, tong hpp, v i phan ph6i npi dung dio tgo tr\rc tuyen dudi dgng cac doi tupng hpc tap - Cic chuin ciia dip tgo tryc tuyen: Kyyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia Ip todn qudc ldn tha Dai hpc Thii Nguygn Hpi Dia ly Viet Nam Chuin Ii cac thpa thuan tren van bin chira cac die ta ky thuat hoac cic tigu chi chinh xac khac duac sii dyng mpt cich thong nhat nhu cac luat, cac chi dan, hogc cac dinh nghia ciia cac dgc tnmg, de dam bio ring cac vat lieu, sin pham, qua tiinh, va dieh vy phii hpp vdi muc dich cua chiing Cac chuan dao tao true tuyin: Chuan ddng gdi, Chuan trao doi thdng tin, Chuan chat luang ^ 3.2 Nhirng uu diem noi troi ciia boi dw&ng thircmg xuyen thong qua dao tgo true tuyen - Tinh linh boat: ngudi hpc cd the hpc mpi luc, mpi nai - Tinh thich ung ci nhan ngudi hpc chu dpng bo tri Ijeh hpc - Tai lieu hpc tap phong phii, ludn dupe cj^ nhat nhiing kien tiuic mdi nhat ve Dia li - Tang cudng ky ning chu ddng, dpc lap, sang tao, thai dp hpc tgp nghiem tiic v i phit trien tu phe phan d ngudi hpc - Tang kha nang ghi nhd thdng qua nhieu kgnh thdng tin nhu' van bin, hinh anh, bieu do, audio, video, boat hinh, md phdng, tich hpp cdng nghe tmyen thdng da phuong tien - die biet phat huy tie dyng tiong boi dudng kiin thuc dia li - Quan ly chgt che viec hpc tap: Thdng qua he th6ng quan ly hoc t ^ tryc tuyen theo doi qua trinh hpc tap va kit qui cdng khai ciia ngudi hpc, xic dinh dupe nhung ndi dung ngudi hpc can dupe dao tao lai hoac dio tgo them, phan chia ngudi hpc theo tung nhdm vdi cung kha nang, trinh dd, sd thieh di cd phuang thiic dio tgo thich hpp - Ngudi hpc dupe tiep xiic vdi nhieu chuyen gia dau nganh tiong nude va nude ngoai Dupe tiao doi vdi eie dong nghiep tren nhieu viing tiong ci nude ma khdng phii chi phi cho di Igi - Co sd dao tao khdng phai dau tu vao ca sd vat chat nhu phdng hpc, trang thiet bj dgy hpc v i cic van di lign quan khac ma van khdng ban che so ngudi tham gia hpc - Hoc vign khdng phii chi phi di lai, an d, sinh boat, mua tii lieu, Cd thi so sinh mpt s6 vin de giiia BDTX bang phupng thirc ^ trung va phuang thirc dao tao tryc tuyin (bing 3) Bdng So sdnh BDTX tgp trung vd ddo tao true tuyin Yeuti Dio tgo trvc tuyin BDTX tap trung Khdng gian, - Phong hpc CO kich thudc gidi hgn then gian • Thdi gian dgy hpc theo ki hogch dong bp - Khong gidi hgn ve khoi^ gian - Ngudi hpc chii dpng thdi gian hpc - Thiit bj, phuang tign dgy hpc tmyin thing va hign dgi (phin mim day hpc, miy chieu, overhead, video, audio ) Mdi trudng - Giio vign tiep xuc tryc tiip vdi ngudi hpc dgy hgc - Mdi tnrdng da phuong tign, m6 phdng, triQ'in hinh tryc tuyin, cic Uen kit mgng Intemet day hgc - Tiep xuc giin ti > qua Internet (E-mail, Chat, dien dan, ) Tinh thich Ong cd nhdn - "Con dudng" vi "n/if/j dg" hpe tgp chung Gidng viin - Cd nhieu giio vien di ngudi hpc lya chQn - So lupng giing vien hgn chi, c6 djnh - GV chuin bj n§i dung dgy hpc, thiet ki v^ - Giing vien phii sogn bai hoic bien sogn tii hgu giing dgy, chuin bi phuang tign dgy hpc tmyen tii nhd Cong nghg thong tin vi tmyin ttifing Tich hop cic phuong tign dgy hpc tnrdc len ldp tiong n$i dung d ^ hpc - "Con dudng" va "nhip dp" hpc tgp rifing timg ngudi hpc Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia Ip todn quSc ldn tha Dai hpc Thai Nguygn H^i Dia ly Viet Nam 3.3 Giai phap ket hop giua dao t?o trux tuyen va boi dudng thuomg xuyen tap trung Myc tieu BDTX khdng chi Ii kien thiie khoa hpc Dia Ii thuan tiiy ma cdn boi dudng kT ning su pham, bdi dudng pham chit chinh tq, dao diic nghe nghiep, phat trien nang lyc day hpc, nang lyc giao due va nhiing nang lyc khac theo yeu cau ctia chuan nghe nghiep giao vien Dao tao true tuyin cd nhiiu uu diem noi tipi nhung van khong hoan toan dap irng dupe cac yeu cau m i BDTX giio vien THPT nginh Dia li dgt Do dd, lua chpn md hinh kit hpp giiia dao tgo true tuyen vdi BDTX tap tnmg tid mot giii p h ^ tdt v i tao thinh mdt mo hinh hoc tap mdi gpi la dgy hpc ph6i kit hop (blended learning) Cd mpt so miic dp ph6i ket hpp nhu sau: - Miic dp mdt - Dao tao true tuyen song song vdi BDTX tap trung nhim lam giim khoi lupng, thai gian tren ldp - Miic dp hai - Dio tao tryc tuyen mdt phan ciia chuong trinh boi dudng - Miic dp ba - Dio tao true tuyen toan bp chuang trinh Trong dieu kien hien tai, ip dung md hinh d mire dp hai - Dao tao true tuyin mpt phin cua chuong trinh boi duong la phu hpp nhit Trpng dd, phan dao tgo tryc tuyen la chu yeu Tren co sd phan mgm Website dio tao tryc tuyin, chuygn gia se xay dyng va cap nhat ndi dung, diiu hanh vipc dao tgo Phin BDTX tgp trung se dinh de boi dudng cie kiin thiic khd can tmyen dgt true tiep Nhu vay se giam dang ke thdi gian can dao tgo tgp tnmg (Hinh 1) Dao tao tryc tuyen BDTX kit hpp BDTX tap tmng Miic dp L Dio tgo tryc tuyen song song BDTX tgp tiimg Miic d§ Dao tgo true myen mdt phan Miic dd Dio tao true tuyen toan bd chuang trinh Hinh Cdc mac dp bdi dudng thudng xuyen p Tren co sd kit qui eua vipc ling dyng miic dp hai, cd thi tien tdi ap dyng miic dd ba li tiin hatih BpTX^hoin toiri tren Internet KET LUAN Trong thdi ki phat trien nhu vii bao cua Cdng nghe thdng tin v i tmyin thdng, vipc ling dung he thong Internet vao viec trien khai BDTX giao^ien THPT nganh Dia Ii li mpt vipc lim hit siic can thiet, mang Igi nhiiu lpi ich, la: - Ngudi hpc thudng xuygn dupe c ^ nhgt kien thiic mdi tien Intemet; - Ngudi hpc cd ca hdi tiip xiic, trao doi, hpc hdi vdi nhieu chuygn gia v i dong nghiep, khdng hi ngan each bdi khdng gian dia li; Kyyeu Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia Ip todn qudc ldn thd Hpi Dia ly Vi^t Nam Dai hoc Thai Nguygp - Giam kinh phi doi vdi viec to chire Idp dio tao; giam chi phi va thdi gian di lai, an, d doi vdi ngudi hpc; - Thdng qua dao tao true tuyen de nim bat va trign khai phuang thiic day hpc hipn dgi cho cac trudng tiidng khu vyc Nhung npi dung khong thuc hien dupe hogc thyc hien khdng higu qua tien Intemet se dupe danh chp cac ldp boi dudng tap trang, nhu vay se nit ngin dupe thdi gian boi dudng va npi dung se cd dong hon Viee t6 chiic BDTX cho giao vien THPT nganh Dja li thdng qua dao tao true tuyin li hoin toan thi bdi su dap ling ve co sd kT thugt, ve phan mem dao tgo, ve chuyen gia dieu hinh, vi chuang trinh boi dudng Tren ca sd tnen khai cdng doi vdi bp mdn Dia li, cd the trign khai vdi cic bp mdn khac va vdi tat ea cac cap hpc TAI Ll£U THAM K H A O Bp Giao dye vi Dio tgo, 2012, Quy che Boi dudng thudng xuyen giao vien mam non, thdng vi giio dye tiiudng xuygn (Ban hanh kem theo Thdng tu sd 26/2012/TT-BGDDT ngdy 10 thdng ndm 2012 cua Bp truang Bp Gido due vd Ddo tgo) Nguyen Danh Nam (2007), Xdydung tnin khcn ddo tgo true tuyin hoc phdn Hinh hoc sa cdp cho sinh vien suphgm ngdnh Todn, Luan van thac sT Giio dye hpc, DHSP - DHTN Tradng Dai hpc su pham - DHTN, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, Chuang trinh BDTX gido viin Dia li, DHSP Thai Nguyen Kyyeu Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia Ip todn quoc ldn tha ... giao vien THPT nganh Dia li tf khu virc mien nui phia Bac Nhiem vy BDTX cho 13 tinh thupc khu vuc mien mii, tnmg du phia Bic duoc Bp Giao dye vi Dio tgo giao nhigm vu cho Trudng Dai hpc Su pham -... duwng thucmg xuyen cho giao vien trung hfc thong nganh Dia Ii a) Nhiing vdn di dgt duac - Dip ling tPt yeu ciu ve BDTX cho giio vien THPT nginh Dia li Qua so heu dieu tra cho thiy npi dung bpi... dia li Vigt Nam - Mdt so phuang phip dgy hpcticheye Ky yiu Hdi ngh{ Khoa hgc Dia Ip todn qudc ldn tha Dai hoc Thai Nguyen Hoi Dia ly Vift Nam - Phuang thiic td chiic BDTX Ii t ^ trung - Tong