yi{4) 348 356 Tap chi CAC KHOA HOC VE TRAI DAT 12 2010 DANH GIA HIEN TRANG VA KHOANH VUNG CANH BAO NGUY CO NUT DAT TINH QUANG NAM PHAM VAN HUNG I MO DAU Tai bien ndt dat la mpt dang thien tai "md''''i la[.]
yi{4) 348-356 12-2010 Tap chi CAC KHOA HOC VE TRAI DAT DANH GIA HIEN TRANG VA KHOANH VUNG CANH BAO NGUY CO NUT DAT TINH QUANG NAM PHAM VAN HUNG I MO DAU Tai bien ndt dat la mpt dang thien tai "md'i la" ddi vd'i chung ta Do dd nguyen nhan phat sinh nin dat cung cdn nhifng y kien khac Tuy nhien phdn ldn cac nha khoa hpc tren the gidi cung nhu d nudc ta deu khang dinh tai bien nii't dit cd ngudn gdc phat sinh la chuyen dpng tir tu cua \'o Trai Dat kien tao tao nen la ket qua cua dirt giy boat ddng [4] Trong bai bao tai bien mit dat dupc dd cap chinh la hien tupng dja chat kien tao (do din gay hoat dpng) tao nen Tinh Quang Nam cd \'j tri rat quan trpng ddi \ di su phat trien kinh te - xa hpi \'a an ninh qudc phdng d mien Trung nudc ta Noi day cd cac dieu kien tu nhien thuan lpi tai nguyen khoang sin phong phu \a da dang, phiic \'u tich circ cho phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua dja phuong Mat khac tinh Quang Nam nam d rla phia bac dja khdi Kon Tum noi cd ciu true kien tao phan dj phue tap : hoat ddng Tan kien tao \'a kien tao hien dai diln kha tfch cue dac biet la hoat dpng cua cac din gay kien tao [2 5] Trong nhu'ng nam gin day tai bien nut dat didn ciing nghiem trpng Nirt du'dng giao thong, liim cho nhieu doan dudng bj \'ui lap tham chi bi pha huy (dudng HP Chf Minh (DHCM) qudc lp 14B 14D 14E tinh Id 604 610 611 616) Iam te liet giao thdng nhidu Nut cac dap thuy dien hd chda nudc (dap Tra Can Vinh Trinh Phu Lpc \a Phu Ninh) ga\ mit nudc cd nguy ca bi va dap de dpa ddi sdng cu dan dja phuong Nirt ddi nui (nut nui Vu nui Dau Voi nui Kim Son ddi Cu Lao ), pha huy rudng \udn nha cua ciia dan cu bj \ui lap dd sap (thdn - thi tran Bac Tra M\' thon Duong Lam - \a Tra Duong, thdn Ngpc Giap - \a Tam Dan thon Kieu Chau - xa Duy Son ) Do vay \ iec nghien cdn lam sang to nguyen nhan khoanh \ itna canh bao nsu\ ca mit dat tren dia ban tinh 348 Quang Nam la xan de cap thiei cd y nghia khoa hpc vi thuc tien Bai bao na\ de cap nhung ket qua nghien ciru md'i nhat \d hien trang nguyen nhan \a bu'dc diu khoanh \'ung canh bao nguy ca nut dat lam ca sd cho xa\' dung cac giai phip phdng tranh va quy hoach phat tridn bdn vdng kinh te - xa hpi tren dja ban tinh Quang Nam II HIEN TUONG NUT DAT Trong nhung nam qua tren dja ban tinh Quang Nam da didn 76 didm nut dat ldn nhd {hinh I) phan bd tap trung dpc cac duT gay Sdng Bung - Tra Bdng Sdng Po Co Thanh My - Dai Hiep Hiep Due - Du\ Xuyen Phudc Xuan - Tam Ky Sdng Cdn A Den - Ai NghTa Ndt di't tap trung d ria cac khdi kien true nang Tay Giang Ddng Giang Phudc San Duy Xu\ en - Que Son Tien Phudc - Bic Tra My Nut da't didn tren nhieu ddi tupng khac tdn tai ti'en bd mat Trai Dit nhu nut dudng giao thong, nut dap hd chda nudc thuy Ipi thuy dien nut ddi nui rupng \u'dn \a nut cac cPng trinh dan sinh Ndt dit da didn \di mat dp ldn tren cac tuyen giao thong quan trpng d tmh Quang Nam nhu cac qud'c 16 (DHCM QLI4D QL14E), tinh Id (TL604, TL616) va cac tuyen dudng giao thdng lien huyen Iien thdn Tham chf nut dat da pha huy nhidu doan dudng dai hang tram met cua DHCM QL14D TL604 TL616 gay tdn that tien cua khdi phue Niit dit didn I'a tren cic than dap cua cac cdng trinh thuy dien thuy lpi nhu cac dap Trii Can VTnh Trinh Phu Lpc Trd va dap Phu Ninh Nut dat da lam cac than dap bj rd ri mat nudc han che hieu suat su dung cua chdng : thim chf cac thin dap cd nguy ca bj vd cd mua lu ldn de dpa an loan tfnh mang cua cu dan sdng phfa dudi dap Ndt dit didn ca tren cac dai nui ddi nhu nui Diu Voi Vd Kim San va nut ddi Cu Lao 16°15'N •16°15'N THt/ATHl£N-HUe W^Jp^E V-^7 DkNANG /••, -i^HNgoc 15 km A Jieng.Tiy Giang A RG r ^ c A> gun? v#?F°°''' ^ ^ o l u S '^'- Nam»i/iCv^~'.'-';r«-' „ ^ ^ " i - " ^ ^ ^•'"*i^"i'.!" ••-•""•'('" eo Soflq BUWFTCM-.'O'^ TTian/i Mi ft nai.Sm'J n , " , ) ^ P ^ V ' n ° " ' ' * ^ flN-'Tha'nn Bmh flai Thar.lK _ * J 'Ha^tam ' • , \ 14"45'N //;>;/; Sa dd hien trang ndt dat tinh Quang Nam - Ndt ndi Diu Voi thupc xa Tien An, huyen Tien Phudc didn td nam 1964 den (theo thdng tin cua cu dan dja phuo'ng) Dac biet, vao thing nam 1998, hien tupng nut dat didn manh me vdi su xuit hien va bpc Id r5 tren bd mat, pha buy rupng vudn va de dpa true tie'p de'n cupc sd'ng cua ngudi dan {dnh 1) Tren dai sudn ddng, ddng nam nui Dau Voi, dai khoang 2.500 m, cao 150 - 200 m phit tridn nhieu vet nut ndi, gdm cac khe nut cat cd phuo'ng TB-DN, khe nut tach gian cd phuang i kinh tuyen Khe niit cit dii 130-140 m Cic khe nut tach gian dii 30-40 m, rpng 0,2-0,5 m Tap hp'p eae khe nut da tao nen chum bac, vich dd'c kie'n tao, cd dp chenh eao 1,0-1,5 m va ke't hpp vdi tao nen hinh hai kien trdc cd dang "duPi ngua" Hien nay, nut da't didn va anh hudng true tiep den 71 hp dan sdng dudi chan nui - Nut dat didn d dau phfa dong than dap phu hd Phd Ninh thupc xa Tam Dai, huyen Phd Ninh td nam 1964 Nut da't tao thinh td tap hop cac khe nut cd phuang DB-TN v i a kinh tuyen {dnh 2) Chung phan bd thinh dai td diu phfa ddng than dap phu, cit dpe theo sudn phfa ddng nui Chdp Chai Cic khe nut phuo'ng DB-TN li cic khe nut eit va phuang a kinh tuye'n li cic khe ndt tieh gian Khe nut cit dai 50-100 m Khe ndt tieh gian dai 5-7 m, rpng 0,20,4 m, sau 1-2 m (nhin thay dupc) Cic khe ndt phuang a kinh tuyen cd tfnh chat thuan va tich sut dang bac, chenh cao mdi bac td 1,0 de'n 1,5 m, lam mit, sat Id diu mut phfa ddng dap phu vi nut nui Chdp Chai Hien nay, chua anh hudng true tie'p de'n than dap, nhung da gay ndt - trupt dit va de dpa su tdn tai d dau mut phfa dong dap phu hd Phu Ninh Do dd, tai diem ndt dat ein theo ddi thudng xuyen su phit trien cua chung - Ndt ddi Cu Lao thupc thPn Ngpc Giip, xa Tam Dan, huyen Phu Ninh didn td nam 1964 de'n {dnh 3) Theo thong tin eiia cu dan dja phuang, vao nam 1998, hien tupng ndt dit bpc 16 rd vdi su xuat hien cua tap hop cac khe nut hoat dpng cd phuo'ng 349 fi^Ui.Si£.i^&::^^^! 1,12 km/km') tap trung dpc theo cic ddi ddt giy Sdng Bung - Tri Bdng, Sdng Pd Cd, chiem 11,5