BU^6C DAU NGHIEN CUtJ XAC DINH VI TRI THAI VA DE XUAT GIAI PHAP KIEM SOAT, QUAN L\^ NUOC D A N TAU 6 VUNG BIEN HAI PHONG QUANG NINH Biii Van Minh'''', Tran Anh Tu\ Nguyen Xuan Phong'''' '''' Cang vu Hang hai H[.]
BU^6C DAU NGHIEN CUtJ XAC DINH VI TRI THAI VA DE XUAT GIAI PHAP KIEM SOAT, QUAN L\^ NUOC D A N TAU VUNG BIEN HAI PHONG - QUANG NINH Biii Van Minh', Tran Anh Tu\ Nguyen Xuan Phong' ' Cang vu Hang hai Hai Phong;" Vien Tai nguyen va Moi trudng bien I MOf D A U Khu vyc cang bien Hai Phdng-Quang Ninh (HP-QN) dugc quy hoach trd cum cang ldn nhat mien Bae Hang nam, cd khoang tren 20.000 lugt tau cap cang HP-QN, nhihig nam gan day, lugng hang boa thdng qua khu vyc tang nhanh, tnmg binh dat khoang 15% nam [1], dan den lugng tau thuyen den cang tang ca ve so lugng va kich cd tau, theo dd, lugng nude thai xa xuong cang bien ciing mgt gia tang Chat lugng moi trudng khu vyc ven bien HP-QN dang bj suy giam, dac biet la vung nude tai khu vyc cang bien ma mdt nhiing nguyen nhan la boat dgng hang hai, dd, cac tac nhan gay d nhiem mdi tmdng bien la cac loai nude thai td tau nhu nude thai la canh, nude thai sinh boat, nude dan tau (^ballast) Cac loai sinh vat bien xam nhap vao mdi trudng mdi nude dan tau, dinh vdi vd tau va thdng qua cac dudng khac dugc xac dinh la mdt nhiing ngudn chinh de dga cac dai duong the gidi, pha buy hoac thay ddi ty nhien mdi tmdng bien Moi loai tau nhu cau su dung nude dan la khac nhau, thdng thudng lugng nude dan su dung chiem tu 30%o den 40%) trgng tai toan phan cua tau Tai khu vyc nghien cuu cac tau chd hang x6 rdi (70.000 tin), tau ket (40.000 tan) va tau hang tong hgp (17.000 tan) la co nhu cau su dung nude dan tau cao nhat (bang 2) Hien nhu cau thai nude dan tau khu vyc cang HPQN la 260.000 tin/tbang - 350.000 tin/thang, tuong duang khoang 170.000m^ /thang360.000 m^ /thing Theo dy bao ve toe tang tmdng cua nganh hang hai nhung nam tdi lugng hang boa thdng qua cang bien khu vyc nghien cim se gia tang tii 15%) 20 %/ nam nhu vay lugng nude dan can thai ciing se tang len vdi toe tuong ty Tuy nhien, Tai cac cang bien Viet Nam noi chung, khu vyc cang bien HP-QN ndi rieng van chua co quy dinh hay hudng dan cho viec thai nude dan tau tai khu vyc cang de khong gay nhimg tac ddng xau tdi moi tmdng bien Vi vay viec nghien cuu xac dinh vi tri thai nude dan tau cho khu vyc cang bien HP-QN nham ban che nhung tac ddng xau tdi tai nguyen va moi tmdng bien la van de vo cung cap thiet hien Cong trinh la mgt phan ket qua cua De an Bao ve Mdi trudng "Nghien cicu xdc dinh viing thdi nude ddn tdu cho khu vuc cdng bien Hdi Phong-Qudng Ninh " Tap the tac gia xin tran trgng cam on Cyc Hang hai Viet Nam, Cang vu Hang hai Hai Phong, Vien Tai nguyen va Moi tmdng bien da tao mgi dieu kien thuan lgi de hoan cdng trinh nghien cuu II TAI LIEU VA P H L T O N G PHAP Tai lieu lien quan den tau thuyen hoat ddng tai khu vyc cang bien HP-QN Cac ngudn thai, lugng thai gay d nhiem tai khu vyc cang bien, nhdm tau van tai theo tudi tau cua ddi tau bien Viet Nam hien Cac quy dinh, cong ude qudc te lien quan den viec xa thai nude dan tau [1, 3, 4] Tai lieu lien quan den che tugng, thuy van, hai van tai vimg biin Hai Phdng-Quang Ninh [2, 5] Nghien cdu da su dyng cac phuang phap nghien cuu ca ban sau: - Phuang phap thdng ke 171 Bui Van Minh, Tran Anh Tu, Nguyln Xuan Phong - Phuong phap mo hinh toan - Phuong phap so sanh va lya chgn III DAT VAN DE NGHIEN CUtJ 3.1 Nhirng van de moi tru'dng lien quan den van de nu-dc din tau Co hang ngan loai tiiuy sinh dugc van chuyen frong nude din tau, gdm cac loai vi khuan, cac vi trimg khac, trung, nang, au trung Ngudi ta dy bao co it nhit 7.000 loai khac [3,4] dang dugc van chuyen frong cac ket nude din fren toan the gidi Phin ldn van chuyen frong nude din khdng sdng sdt frong hanh trinh, chu ky din va xa nude din va mdi tmdng ben frong ket nude din khdng thich hgp cho sy sdng cua cac sinh vat Tham chi, nhiing sinh vat sing dugc frong qua trinh hanh trinh va dugc xa ra, ca hdi sdng sot frong dieu kien mdi tmdng mdi, bao gdm ca viec hi cac loai sd tai an thit cang suy giam Tuy nhien tit ca cac yeu to thuan lgi thi cac loai sdng sdt cd thi tai tao frong mdi tiaidng mdi, chung cd the cac loai xam nhap va sinh soi cac bd phan gay hai Tu dd, toan bg he sinh thai hi tac dgng va ihay ddi My, loai Dreissena polymorpha da xam nhap 40%o vimg thuy ndi dia va tieu tdn 750 trieu din ty la dl thyc hien cac bien phap kiem soat tu nam 1989 tdi nam 2000 Cl Uc, loai tao be chau A Undaria pinnatifida da nhanh chdng xam chiem vung nude mdi thay the quan thi sing d day bien ban dia d bien Den, cac gidng sua Bae My nudi cd chgn lgc (Mnemiopsis leidyi) cd luc da dat den sinh lugng kg/ m^ Chung da lam suy kiet cac loai phu du den muc buy hoai toan bd nganh thuy san thuang mai cua khu vyc Bien Den O mdt sd nude, cac loai tao la, tao cyc nhd, thuy trilu dd dugc hip thy vao frong sd, an phai cd the gay te Uet va tham chi cd the chet ngudi E ngai rang cac benh tmyen nhiem nhu dich ta cd the qua viec xa nude din Khong gidng cac loai d nhiem khac nhu tran diu, cd the cd cac bien phap cai thien de cudi cimg phuc hdi lai mdi tmdng, anh hudng cda cac loai thuy sinh xam nhap la khdng the phuc hdi dugc Chi sd coliform dugc quan trie frong nude din tau d khu vyc cang Hai Phdng-Quang Ninh cho thay chi sd van nam frong gidi ban cho phep (bang 1) Bang Mat coliform nude dan tau khu vuc cang Hai Phong - Quang Ninh Khu vuc Cang Hai Phong (tau Vift Nam-My) Coliform (CPU/ 100 ml) 104 Cang Cai Lan (tau Viet Nam-Dong Nam A) 100 TCVN-5 943-1995 1000 Nguon: Vi?n Tai nguyen va Moi trudng bien 3.2 Phan irng ciia Quoc te vdi van de thai nirdc dan Phan ling lai cac mdi de doa cua cac loai thuy sinh xam nhap, Hdi nghi cua Lien hiep qudc ve mdi tmdng va phat trien frong chuong trinh Nghi sy 21 tai Rio de Janeiro nam 1992 da keu ggi Td chuc Hang hai Qudc tl (IMO) va cac hdi dong qudc te khac nham vao viec van chuyen cac sinh vat co hai qua dudng tau bien Vdi tu each la ca quan chuyen nganh ve an toan va phdng ngua d nhiem biin, IMO la ca quan phu hgp nhat nham vao van de Din nam 1992, td chuc da boat ddng frong vin de nude dan tau dugc ban 10 nam Hoi nghi cip cao vl phat triin bin vung (WSSD) to chuc d Johannesburg tu nam 2002 da tai khing dinh lai chuang frinh Nghi sy 21 va frong kl hoach thyc tiii cua WSSD 172 Tuyen tap Tai nguyen va Moi trudng bien Tap XIV da keu ggi day nlianh viec phat trien cac bien phap ban cbl cac loai xam nhap nuoc dan tau va thuc day IMO hoan Cong icdc vk nude ddn tdu ciia IMO Cac thanli vien cua IMO da xay dyng "Hudng ddn kiem sodt vd qudn ly nude ddn tdu di nhdm giam tdi thieu viec di chuyen cdc sinh vdt bien co hai vd mdm benh " Hudng din niy dugc thong qua tai Dai hdi ding nam 1997 bing nghi quylt Dai hdi ding A.868(20) [3] 3.3 Thu-c trang viec quan Iy va kiem soat nu-dc thai din tau tai khu vyc nghien CUTI • Ve mat ludt phdp: - Chua cd mdt khung phap luat hoan chinh, diy du va phu hgp vl ca cbl kilm soit vi quan ly boat ddng cua vung thai nude din tau Dilu niy cin phai khic phuc sdm dl tao hanh lang phip ly va hieu qua quan ly nhi nude ITnh vyc niy - Cac quy dinh ve mdc phat tien doi vdi cac vi pham hanh chinh cac quy dinh vl bao ve moi trudng td boat dgng tiiai nude dan tau Uiy da cd nhung thip Qua tiiam khao muc phat tien ciia mgt so nude frong khu vyc tiii muc phat ciia Viet Nam li qui thip Muc phat niy thap vi bi le thugc vio Phip lenh xu ly vi pham hinh chinh Ve mat trang thiet bi tgi cdng bien: - Hau bet cac cing bien chua cd he thong thilt hi tilp nhan chit thii long, nude ballast din den viec quin ly viec thai cac chat thii long, nude ballast tu tiu tha nli: Quy dinh ve xay dyng cac trang thiet hi tiep nhan chit thii d bd biin dl tilp nhan cac loai chat thai tu tiu mdt each thich hgp da dugc quy dinh Cong ude MARPOL 73/78 Tuy nhien viec thyc hien cac yeu cau d cac nude vien cong ude li nhimg nude dang phit trien, co Viet Nam, cdn chua tot Nguyen nhan ciia tdn tai niy la chung ta chua co sy quan tam, chua co mdt ca che tii chinh thich hgp Ben canh dd li ban than Cdng ude MARPOl cung chua co sy hudng din thdng nhat ve tieu chuan doi vdi thiet hi tiep nhan chat thii Bang Kha nang dan cua mot so loai tau Loai tau Trong tai toan phan (tin) Tau chd x6 hang rdi Tau chd x6 hang rdi Tau chd x6 hang rdi Tau chd x6 hang rdi Tau ket Tau ket Tau Container Tau Container Tau hang tong hgp Tau hang tong hgp Tau khacb/RORO Dieu kifn dan Thong thudng (tin) 250.000 150.000 75.000 45.000 70.000 25.000 35.000 100.000 40.000 40.000 15.000 17.000 8.000 3.000 JO 000 40.000 12.000 12.000 5.000 6.000 3.000 LOOO "/o cua tai toan phan 30 30 36 40 40 30 30 30 35 38 33 Nang (tan) 113.000 67.000 40.000 17.000 45.000 15.000 15.000 n/a n/a iv'a n/a Nguon: Austrailian Quarantine & Inspection Service 1993 Ballast Water Management Ballast Water Research Senes Report No 4A {NJiihig so in nghieng the hi$n nhimg cd tdu co klid ndng vdo cdng bien Hdi Phdng vd Qudng Ninh) 173 Bui Van Minh, Tran Anh Tu, Nguyln Xuan Phong - Thilu cac cong cu, trangtiiietbi ddng bg de kiemfracac chit dgc haifrongnude din tau Ve mat nhdn luc: - Thilu nguIn nhan lyc cd kinh nghiem ve kiem soat, quan ly viec thai nude dan tiu, boat ddng cua vimg nude thai dan tiu IV XAC DINH VI TRI THAI Nu'dc DAN TAU KHU Vl/C CANG BIEN HP-QN 4.1 Cac dieu kien de xac dinh viing thai nurdc dan tau cho khu vyc cang bien Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh Diiu Men vi vi tri: qua trinh xa nude din gan lien vdi qua trinh lam hang cua cae tau biin dd vi tri xa nude din phai thuan lgi cho viec vao cang cua cac tau de ban che ve mat kinh tl va thdi gian cho cac tiu, vi vay vung xa nude phai namfronghoac gan tuyen dudng hing hai vao khu vyc cang biin Hai Phdng-Quang Nmh • Diiu kien moi trudng tu nhien: tiiih chat nguy hilm cua nguy ca bung phat sinh vat cd frong nude din vao moi tmdng mdi se anh hudng tdi he sinh thai ban dia do khu vyc xa nude din phai each xa khu vyc ed sy da dang sinh hgc cao nhu ngu tmdng khai thic thuy sin, cac dim nudi thuy san, khu bao tdn bien vafrongqua trinh lan tmyen cua khdi nude din frong nude bien se khdng xam nhap vao cac khu vyc Trong dd khu vyc nghien cuu la khu vyc cd tinh nhay cim sinh hgc cao la khu vyc vinh Ha Long va Khu dy trir sinh quyen Cat Bi, vay xac dinh vung sue xa nude dan tau phii tinh toan din nhirng anh hudng cua nd tdi khu vyc niy • Dieu kien dong luc: de xac dinh pham vi khdng gian va mdc anh hudng cua nude din tiu tdi moi tmdng bien, cdng trinh da su dung bd phan mem delft-3d [7] de md phong thuy dgng lye va qua trinh lan tmyen nude dan tau khu vyc nghien cuu 4.2 Ket qua tfnh toan qu4 trinh lan truyen nirdc dan tau bang mo hinh toan Vdi khoi lugng nude dan tau gia dinh 1.500 tan dd thai lien tuc gid Cac diem thai gia dinh tai diem thude khu vyc cing cda ngd Lach Huyen, nam tren ludng tiu vio cing Hii Phong dugc the hien tren hinh Khoang thdi gian tinh toan nam pha trieu len vi chi tinh den thinh phan hoa tan nude, khdng tinh toan den phan hi bien chat va lang dgng xudng day [6] Trong toan bg thdi gian tinh toan: bat dau thai cho den luc vet nude bien mat, pham vi cua vet nude chi anh hudng den vung tay nam dao Cat Ba va phia nam vung bien Hii Phdng Khu vyc phia ven bd Quing Ninh khdng bi anh hudng, khu vuc cua sdng Cam - Bach Dang hau nhu bi anh hudng khdng dang ke Sau gid thai, vet nude da lan tmyen den ngang ban dao Dd Son, sau thai pham vi vet nude bat dau vugt ngoai khu vyc tinh toan va ndng giam di rd ret Sau thai khdi lugng dd thai nude dan tau chi cdn khoang 15% so vdi thdi diem bat dau thai Sau tinh toan, khdi nude thai hiu nhu da hoi tan vao khdi nude dia phuong Sau nude din tau dugc dd thai xuong biin, lugng nude niy phan ldn dugc pha loang vio khoi nude dia phuang Qua trinh niy dien cham va phpi vi khdng gian nhd ban qua trinh khuech tan fren mat nude Tmdng hgp dd thii nude dan tiu frong pham vi khu vyc nghien cuu trilu len, khdi nude dugc dd thii xuIng cd xu hudng lan rgng va lan tmyen ve phia tay nam cua khu vyc nghien cdu Khu vyc phia tay nam dao Cat Ba, biin D6 174 Tuyen tap Tai nguyen va Moi trucing bien Tap XIV Son va phia nam vung bien ven bd Hai Phong hi inh hudng nhieu nhat so vdi cac kliu vyc khac Pham vi khong gian ciia lugng hoi tan frong nude ldn hen lugng ndi fren mat vi lan tmyen vet dii cd hudng dong bae, tay nam Sau 24 gid, lugng nude dan tau giam nhanh vi sau ngiy thu thi lugng nude dan tau lai hau nhu khong dang ke TDI • Vi trt cdc diem gia dinh d6' thai niJdc d5n tau 1.5 A •Kitorrte'efs 10e"5VO'E Hinh Vj tri cac diem gia djnh thai nude dan tau Theo kit qui tinh toan ddng chay cho thay, khu vyc gii dinh thii nude dan tiu co cbl ddng chay sdng chilm uu the v i inh hudng cua dong chiy ven bd Vinh Bae Bg Bdi vay, cac khu vyc cua sdng Cam-Bach Dang it bi inh hudng Thdi diem pha trilu xudng, nude din tiu dd thai it inh hudng den khu vyc ven bd so vdi thdi diem pha trieu len Qua kit qui mo phdng sy lan tmyen nude dan tau mdi tmdng nude bien khu vyc cua sdng Cim - Bach Ding cho thay khu vyc chiu anh hudng ldn nhat cua nude din li khu du lich Dd Son, mac du day li khu vyc khdng co da dang sinh hgc cao nhu khu vyc dao Cat B i nhung day l i khu vyc du lich ldn cua Hai Phdng vi he thdng dam nudi hii sin cua Thi xa Dd Son Dya tren cac dieu kien ty nhien [2, 5] va moi tmdng ty nhien kit hgp vdi dilu tra khio sat chat lugng mdi tmdng nude bien; ket qui tinh toan cua mo hinh delft-3d, budc dau, chdng tdi de xuat khu vyc cua song Cam - Bach Dang vi khu vyc Dong Nam dio Cat B i (tren tuyen luong vio cang Quing Ninh) li vimg x i nude din tiu cho khu vyc cang bien HP-QN Tuy nhien de ban che den muc thap nhat nhirng nguy ca d nhiem mdi trudng viec thii nude dan tiu khu vyc can phai co CO cbl kilm soit v i quan ly chat che boat dgng xa nude dan tai khu vyc nay, Vi tri vung xa nude din dugc the hien hinh vdi bin kinh rgng 2,5 hai ly 175 Biii Van Minh, Tran Anh Tii, Nguyln Xuan Phong 4.3 Xac djnh vung xa nu'dc dan tau 10ti'25'C"E K-300-E 1— IWISOE r 1M-4CC-E t^uX ^J 106 30'trE 10*3 C T 106 JCTO'E V lce'.150-E T-T-* rJ ICflJS'O'E 1% lOe-WCTE ' I06'500*e IK-KCTE I 106'55'a-E 10" OO-E I 107 0 " E 107~SG"E 107"iffC"E R Hinh Sa vi tri xa nude dan tau khu vuc HP-QN V DE XUAT CAC GIAI PHAP KIEM SOAT VA QUAN LY HOAT DONG CUA VUNG THAI NLTOfC DAN TAU KHU VlTC CANG BIEN HP-QN 5.1 Nh6m giai phap quan Iy nha nirdc Xiy dyng, trinh cap cd tham quyen ban hanh cac van ban phap luat ve kilm soat va quin ly boat dgng cua vimg thii nude dan tiu: tap tmng vao quy dinh vl thilt lap vimg thii; myc dich, y nghTa; quy dinh ve pham vi ap dyng, ddi tugng ap dung; dilu kien thii nude dan tiu tai vung thai; tieu chuan thai, kiem soat thai, bd may kilm soat, quan ly vimg thai nude dan tiu Xay dyng, trinh cap cd tham quyen ban hinh cac quy chuin va tieu chuan ky thuat ap dung kiem soat vi quan ly boat ddng cua vung thai nude dan tiu: Ben canh quy dinh cua phap luat ndi tren thi cin nghien cuu dl ban hanh cac quy chuan ya tieu chuan ky thuat kiem soat, quin ly boat ddng thai nude din tau tai khu vyc nhu: nong thii, toe thai, cap phep thii To chuc quin ly boat ddng thai nude dan tiu tai vimg thii Thanh tra, kiem tra vi xu ly vi pham phip luat qua trinh kiem soit va quan ly boat ddng cua •vimg thai nude dan tau 5.2 Nh6m giai phap khoa hoc cdng nghe, to chdc bo may va ngirdi - Khuyen khich viec img dung cac tiln bd khoa hgc, cdng nghe frong kiem soat, quan ly vung thai nude din tau Dua cae tieu chuin ve frang bi cac thiet bi, phuang tien phu hgp doi vdi tau thuyin vi phuong tien kilm soat qui trinh thii nude din tiu tai vung thai Trang bi cho ca quan, to chuc co tiiim quyln phuang tien, thilt hi phu hgp 176 Tuyen tap Tai nguyen va Moi trudng bien Tap XIV de CO the kiem soat, quan ly co hieu qua moi tmdng tai viing thai nude dan tau - De xuat mo hinh td chuc quin ly vimg thai nude dan tiu Phan dinh ro chirc nang, nhiem vu, vai tro cua cac ca quan c6 lien quan: Bg Giao thong van tai, Bg Tai nguyen va Moi tmdng Cang vu Hang hai Hii Phong, Quang Ninh To chuc thudng nien cic khda tap huan, nang cao nhan thuc, sy hieu biet ve moi tmdng cho cac lanh dao, can bd quin ly cua nganh hing hii To chuc cic cudc dien tap ung cim sy co moi tmdng tren cic vung bien v i vimg nude ven bd, cung nhu tren cic tiu, thuyen v i cic cang bien Viet Nam hing nam (co the lan/ nam) 5.3 Nhdm giai phap quan trac moi trudng - Thiet lap mgt chuang trinh quin ly, giam sit moi tmdng cd tam quan trgng rat ldn viec bio ve moi trudng Vdi he thong cac van ban quy dinh phap luat cua Viet Nam v i cac cong ude dieu ude quoc te ma Viet Nam da tham gia, chuong trinh quan ly, giam sit moi trudng dam bao cac quy dinh niy dugc tuan thu - Giam sat cic chat thai tii tiu, cing va chat lugng nude dan tiu thai vimg thai sau da dugc phan tich, xu ly - Thiet lap tram quan sat, kiem tra chit lugng nude vdi cac trang thiet hi ky thuat hien dai tien tien de dam bio xu ly kip thdi nhiem neu c6 Nghien ciru, khao sit thudng xuyen cic thuy, sinh vat bien de dim bio cac thuy sinh vat bien dgc hai khong lan tmyen phat tin vung nude nude ballast giy To chuc luu giu nliirng thong tin lien quan den mdi tmdng nude bien - To chuc v i trien khai cac khoi dio tao, myen tmyen can bg cong nhan ve cac qu>' trinh, nghiep vu kiem soit, quin ly vimg thii nude dan tau theo dimg cic quy dinh de - Co chinh sich khuyen khich cac tiu su dung cac trang thiet bi xd ly nude thii dan tiu tien tiln, hien dai Timg budc khuyen khich cac thinh phan kinh te tu nhan tham gia vio boat dgng thilt lap, quan ly vimg thii nude dan tiu theo quy dinh cua phap luat - Giam sat moi tmdng thdng qua cac dieu ude quoc te m i Viet Nam li thinh vien, tang cudng hgp tic, trao ddi kinh nghiem, ho trg ky thuat cua cac td chuc quoc te va cac nude vl kilm soat, quan ly boat dgng cua vung thai nude dan tau Nghien cum, dl xuit gia nhap cac dilu ude qudc te ip dung phu hgp cho Viet Nam 5.4 Xay dung cong cu ky thuat va tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thue cua cong dong • Qudn ly thong tin viing thdi nude ddn tdu: cin dac biet luu y moi quan he cua cac thong tin moi tmdng, kinh tl, xa hoi Do bin chat dgng v i rat phuc tap ciia moi tmdng biin, viec cd dugc nhiing thong tin khoa hgc cd gia tri li dieu rat quan trgng Cac thong tin khoa hgc tin cay c6 thi thuc day qua trinh quy hoach v i quin ly, dong thdi giup cho viec giam sat tinh hieu qui cua cac ke hoach va chien luge quan ly lien quan Cin su dung cac cdng nghe tien tien xu ly va quan ly thong tin nhu cac phin mim thing ke, md hinh hoi, GIS, vien tham • Xdy dung ki hogch tuyen truyen tdng cudng nhdn thicc kien thicc cho cong dong, cdc muc tieu cu the Id: - Tang cudng nhin thuc, kien thuc cua cong dong ve cic he sinh thii, gia tri cua tai nguyen va moi tmdng, dac biet la mdi tmcrng bien; - Lim thay ddi hanh vi cua nhirng ngudi su dyng tii nguyen/moi tmdng; 177 Biji Van Minh, Tran Anh Tu, Nguyen Xuan Phong - Thu hut va khuyin khich sy tham gia tich cyc eua cac ca sd, tap thi, ca nhan ve bao ve moi tmdng frong qua trinh lap cac ke hoach vi thyc hien chung; - Timg budc tiiay dii nhan tiiuc va hinh vi cua lanh dao cac cip frong nganh, long ghep muctieubio ve moitiiidng,phat tiien ben vung viofrongquafrinhra quyet dinh; - Viec nang cao nhan thuc ve bao ve mdi tmdng cin dugc triin khai theo cac nhdm ddi tugng khac nhu nhdm cac nha lim chinh sach/ quin ly nginh, nhdm can bd, idian vien thyc hien cac nhiem •vy chuyen mdn vi nhdm cic cin bd tham gia tryc tilp vio cic boat ddng kiem soat vi quan ly -vung nude thai dan tiu Ndi dung va cac cong cy tmyIn thdng ciing dugc nghien ciiu trien khai phu hgp vdi tung loai doi tugng Bao ve moi tmdng la sy nghiep chung dang dugc xa hdi hda, vay cac ke hoach tmyIn thdng cin dugc xay dyng va trien khai cy the dii ban, dugc dam bao bing CO chi thi chi va td chuc thich hgp, ciing nhu ngudn kmh phi dn dinh VL KET LUAN Khu vyc cang bien Hii Phdng-Quang Ninh dang mgt gia tang vl mat tau thuyen, kem tiieo nhu ciu thai nude din tin cung gia tang Nham muc dich giam tiiilu tac ddngtieucyc cua nudetiiaidin tau den cac nginh kinh te bien, nhdm tac gia budc diu dua vi tri thii va dl xuit giii phap kilm soat, quan ly can thiet nhat ddi vdi hoat ddng cua vimg thai nude din tau cho khu vyc nghien cuu (dya Ixen dieu kien mdi tmdng ty nhien, dilu fra khao sat chit lugng mdi tmdng nude bien va ket hgp vdi viec md phdng qua trinh lan tmyIn nude din tau bing md hinh toin) Tuy nhien, sd lieu dau vao cho md hinh toan li gii dinh, bdi vay, cin cd nhimg nghien cdu, danh gia tiep theo de dim bio ca sd tot ban dii vdi viec xic dinh vi tritiiainude dan tau •vung bien Hai Phdng-Quang Ninh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 202/1999/QD-TTg, 1999 Quy hoach chi tilt cac nhdm cang biin din 2010 va dinh hudng den nam 2020 Nguyen Chu Hoi, 2001 Mdt sd dac trung ca bin ve mdi tmdng ty nhien va tii nguyen vinh Bae Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi tmdng bien, tap VIII, Nha xuat ban Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Hi Ndi, trang 5-29 IMO, 1997 Hudng dan cho viec kiem soat va quan ly nude dan tau nham giam thieu kha nang van chuyen cac td chuc thuy sinh cd hai vi mem benh Nghi quyet cua Dai Hoi dong A.886(20) Mc Conell, M 2002 Globallast Legislative Revie-w Bao cao tai chuong trinh nude dan toin cau Pham Van Ninh va nnk, 2003 Biin Bong, Tap II "Khi tugng - Thuy vdn -Dgng luc bien" Thugc Chuang trinh dilu tra nghien cuu bien cap nha nude KHCN-06 (1996-2000) Nha xuit ban Dai hgc Qudc gia Hi Noi Tran Anh Tii, Vu Duy Vinh, Do Dinh Chien, 2007 Bao cao Chuyen dl "Md phdng qui trinh lan tmyIn nude din tau khu •vyc bien Hai Phdng-Quang Ninh bing mo hinh delft-3d" WL/Delft Hydraulics, 1999 Delft3D-FLOW User Manual Version 3.05, Delft3D-Waq User Manual Version 3.01, Delft, Netheriands 178 r Tuyen tap T^i nguyen v^ Moi trucJng bien Tap XIV Sammary i AN INITIAL STUDY TO IDENTIFY DISCHARGE LOCATIONS FOR BALLAST WATER IN THE HAIPHONG-QUANGNINH COASTAL WATERS AND PROPOSE MANAGEMENT MEASURES Bui Van Minh*, Tran Anh Tu, Nguyen Xuan Phong* *MaritimeAdmisfration of Haiphong The increasing number of ship, boat and waterway vehicle in the HaiphongQuangninh port area has resulted in an increase of ballast water discharge to the area Ballast water contains thousands of aquatic organisms such as bacteria, eggs and small invertebrate, follicule, larvae When the ballast water is discharged to an area, those aquatic organisms may have negative impacts on the environment and ecosystems of the area In Vietnam, there has been no regulation or guideline for the discharge of ballast water The numerical model has been used in conjunction with analytic data and measurements to identify discharge locations for ballast water in the HaiphongQuangninh coastal waters and propose management measures Impacts of ballast water on the marine environment and resources of the area need to be studied in detail 179 ... tau d khu vyc cang Hai Phdng-Quang Ninh cho thay chi sd van nam frong gidi ban cho phep (bang 1) Bang Mat coliform nude dan tau khu vuc cang Hai Phong - Quang Ninh Khu vuc Cang Hai Phong (tau Vift... No 4A {NJiihig so in nghieng the hi$n nhimg cd tdu co klid ndng vdo cdng bien Hdi Phdng vd Qudng Ninh) 173 Bui Van Minh, Tran Anh Tu, Nguyln Xuan Phong - Thilu cac cong cu, trangtiiietbi ddng bg... 4.1 Cac dieu kien de xac dinh viing thai nurdc dan tau cho khu vyc cang bien Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh Diiu Men vi vi tri: qua trinh xa nude din gan lien vdi qua trinh lam hang cua cae tau biin