PHAT
TRI^N
B^N
VCfNG
THONG
QUA PHAT
TRI^N
Mfll TRU&NG
KINH DOANH
{j^\\\
PHAT TRI^N KINH
T^
B^N
VOfNG
THONG
QUAPHAT TRI^N
cAc
SANPHAM THAN
THIEN
Bui Van Phu
1.
Dat
van de
Phat trienkinhteben viing
la
viec bao
dam tang trudng kinhte cao, ddng thdi duy
tri tdt
va
nang cao chat lugng cude sdng con
ngudi, trong dd cd viec bao ve mdi trudng.
Mdt dudng hudng quan trgng trong viec nang
cao chat lugng cude sdng va bao ve mdi
trudng
la
viee
sii
dyng
eac
san
phamthan
thien vdi mdi trudng (TTMT). Day la nhiing
san pham duge
san
xuat tir nhiing nguyen vat
lieu nhan tao, it gay phat thai, an toan ddi vdi
siic
khde con ngudi, tilt kiem nang lugng, tai
nguyen,
xii
ly d nhiem
va
tao
duge
hinh anh
than
thi?n
mdi trudng
Do nhirng dac tinh neu tren, phat trien
cac
san
phim
thanthien mdi trudng dang trd
thanh xu hudng phd bien tren the gidi, mang
lai nhieu lgi ich kinh te, xa hdi va mdi trudng
cho
cae
ddi tugng lien quan
khae
nhau.
Thii:
nhdt, phat trien
san
phamthanthien mdi
trudng mang lai lgi ich cho ngudi tieu dung
do cd
duge
nhiing hang hda
va
dieh vy chat
lugng cao, an
toan
ddi vdi
siic
khde
va
gan
giii vdi thien nhien. Thir hai, lgi ich ddi vdi
nha san xuat
la
cd
duge
lgi nhuan ben virng,
tilt
ki?m
duge chi phi dau
vao,
cai tiln cdng
nghe, xay dyng nen hinh
anh
thanthien ddi
vdi ngudi tieu dimg, ddi
tac
va
cac
nha quan
Iy, do dd, tao dyng duge vi thl trong canh
tranh.
Thir
ba,
ddi vdi quoc gia, phat triln san
phim
thanthien mdi trudng chinh
la
cam ket
ciia
chinh
phii
vl bao
v?
mdi trudng
(BVMT), qua dd, hudng tdi myc tieu phat
•
Bai
Vdn
Phii,
Th^c
sT,
C6ng ty
Dif
n lyc tinh Hd
Tinh.
triln
bin
vung;
gay dyng hinh anh thanthien
ddi vdi qudc tl
va
dan chiing. San
phim
than
thien mdi trudng cd thuang hieu qudc tl edn
the hien kha nang eanh tranh qudc gia cua
mdt nude. Chinh vi vay, phat triln san
phim
than thien mdi trudng la myc tieu chiln
luge
eua mdi qudc gia, doanh nghiep
va
cdng ddng
ngudi tieu dimg tren the gidi.
Viet Nam cd nhieu tiem nang de phat
trien eac
san
phamthanthien vdi mdi trudng.
Tuy nhien, trong thdi gian qua, chiing chua
duge san xuat
va
thuang mai hda mdt each
rdrig
rai. Nhihig khd khan trong phat triln san
pham
nay
la
khung khd phap ly chua day
dii,
rd rang de thye su khuyen khich cac doanh
nghiep
diu
tu phat triln
san
phim
TTMT; su
hd trg tir phia nha nudc cdn ban che; nhan
thiic
eiia
doanh nghiep va ngudi tieu dung vl
san
phim
thanthien mdi trudng cdn chua
cao.
Ben eanh dd,
diu
tu phat triln san
phim
than thien mdi trudng ddi hdi
nhilu
von,
trong khi
eac
doanh nghiep nudc ta phan ldn
la
vira va nhd. Chinh vi vay, trong thai gian
tdi dn cd nhiing chinh sach khuyin khich
ban nua phat triln
cae
sanphamthanthien
mdi trudng.
2.
Thuc trang phattriensanphamthan
thien
v&i
moi trudng
ct
Viet Nam
Cac
san
phim
vdi tinh nang
thari
thien
mdi trudng ngay cang trd nen phd bien tren
thi trudng Viet Nam. Cd thl liet ke mdt sd
nhdm san
phim
thanthien vdi mdi trudng
dang duge
diu
tu
san
xult
va
tieu thy d Viet
Nam nhu sau:
2.1.
Nhom cdc sdn pham nang lugng:
Nhdm
nay
gdm
cac
san
phim
chu yeu nhu
QUAN Lt KINH le
S(li42
(7+8/2011)
01
VEMR
MOI TRl/dNG KINH DOANH
PHAT
TRI^N
Btn VONG
THONG
QUA
PHAT
TRI^N
nang lugng sinh hgc
(NLSH),
xang dau sinh
hgc Biogass, nang lugng tai sinh, tiet kiem
nanglugng.
- Sdn phdm ndng lugng sinh hoc (NLSH):
Tir bom 10
nam
qua, da ed mgt sd co quan
thudc cac nganh giao thdng van tai, cdng
nghiep, nang lugng nghien
ciiu
ve NLSH.
Mdt sd cdng ty, vien va trudng dai hgc da
nghien
ciiu thii
nghiem xang pha ethanol va
diesel sinh hgc. Cdng ty Mia dudng Lam Son
(Thanh Hoa), Sai Gdn Petro, Cdng ty Rugu
Binh Tay, Cdng ty Chi Himg ciing da cd dy
an san xuat ethanol
iam
nhien lieu. Mdt sd
cdng ty tai An Giang, Can Tha, Long An da
dau tu xudng san xuat diesel sinh hgc tir md
ca
basa vdi tdng edng suat khoang 40.000 tan
/nam, nhung do chua cd tieu chuan chat
lugng eho san pham, nen chua
duge
dua ra
thi trudng. Gan day, da ed hang
chyc
cdng ty
nudc ngoai mudn dau tu san xuat ethanol va
diesel sinh hgc; mdt sd edng ty lien doanh ky
kit
thoa thuan dau tu san xuat ethanol va
diesel sinh hgc tir dau Jatropha (giai doan dau
nhap dau thd, sau dd
diu
tu trdng tai Viet
Nam).
Nhin chung,
cac
sanpham nang lugng
sinh hgc chua phattrien d nude ta.
- Xdng ddu sinh hgc: Viet Nam ed tiem
nang ve cdng nghe ciing nhu nguyen lieu de
san xuat biodiezel hoac la xang sinh hgc.
Hien nay, mdt sd cdng ty d Ddng bang sdng
Ciiu
Long da
sii
dyng ma ca basa de san xuat
NLSH
va
da duge ban ra thi trudng vdi gia
thap ban gia diezel tir dau md. Tuy nhien,
khdi lugng sanpham cdn rat ban che. Mdt
trong nhirng trd ngai dl phattrien mat hang
nay
la
Viet Nam chua cd luat
sii
dyng NLSH
nen da ban che den viec dau tu xay dyng
vimg nguyen lieu ciing nhu nha
may
ehl biln
nhien lieu sinh hgc.
- Biogas:
CJ
nudc ta, tir ban mudi nam
nay viec
sii
dyng biogas da trd nen quen
thudc ddi vdi ngudi dan ndng thdn. Mdt so
tinh, thanh phd phia
BIC,
nhlt
la
vimg ngoai
thanh
Ha
Ngi da di
diu
trong phat trien
him
biogas. Trong nhirng
nam
qua
bing
ngudn
vdn cua thanh phd
va
cua nhan dan cimg vdi
sy giiip da ve ky thuat cua Vien Nang lugng
Viet Nam,
cac
huyen ngoai thanh
Ha
Ndi da
xay dyng duge bdn nghin bl khi biogas. Tinh
rieng d
Ha
Ndi,
din nam
2010, vimg ndng
thdn ngoai thanh da xay dyng duge
5.000
bl
khi biogas. Tai Tinh Thai Binh hien nay co
bom
1.000
hd gia dinh xay ham khi biogas vdi
sy ho trg eua Nha nudc vl ky thuat
va
kinh
phi.
Kinh nghiem tai day cho thly mdt ho
chan nudi dudi 10 con beo cd the xay bl
biogas cd dung tich
15-20
m^
Cdc sdn phdm ndng lugng tdi tgo: Viet
Nam cd nhilu tilm nang vl cac ngudn nang
lugng tai tao (NLTT) bao gdm: sinh khdi,
gid, mat trdi, dia nhiet, thiiy trieu, sdng bien
va cac dang nhien lieu sinh hgc khae, nhung
cho den nay su ddng gdp ciia NLTT vao san
xuat nang lugng ndi chung
va
san xuat dien
nang ndi rieng lai chua
dang
ke. Hien da cd 5
loai NLTT duge khai thae cho
san
xdt dien
bao gdm gid, mat trdi, thuy dien nhd, sinh
khdi,
rac
thai sinh boat. Tuy vay, theo thdng
ke
ciia
Bd Cdng Thuang thi tdng san lugng
dien tir cac ngudn NLTT mdi chi chiem
khoang 2% tdng nhu elu dien (nam 2009) va
ty
le nay
dang cd nguy ca tilp tyc giam do
cac dy
an
NLTT cham
duge
triln khai trong
khi
eac
ngudn thiiy dien ldn
va
dien tu NL
hda thach mdi
ngay
mdt gia tang.
Sdn phdm tiit kiem ndng lugng: Ngay
14/4/2006,
Thii
tudng da ky Quylt dinh
s6
79/2006/QD-TTg, phe duyet Chuang trinh
myc tieu qudc gia ve su dung nang lugng tiet
kiem va hieu qua.
Ngay
16/11/2006,
Bd Cdng
nghiep da ban hanh Thdng tu sd 08/2006/TT-
BCN hudng
din
trinh ty,
thii
tyc
dan
nhan
san
pham tilt kiem nang lugng. Theo danh
gia sa bd,
din
cudi
nam
2008, hon 23 trieu
bdng den Compact cac loai da duge tieu thu
tai thi trudng trong nudc, tang 40%/nam so
vdi bdng den trdn tieu thy trong nudc khoing
40 trieu bdng, nhu
v$y
da chilm ban 30% thi
trudng tieu thy. Cac san
phim
tilt
ki?n
nang
lugng Ichac (chu ylu
la
hang dien hi) dang
S«f
42 (7+8/2011)
QUAN Lt KINH
T^
I
TRiiN BeN
VUNG
THONG
QUA PHAT
TRI^N
MOI TRUdNG KINH DOANH
MB
ngay cang
phd bien d nudc ta. Tuy nhien, san
pham loai nay nhap khau
la
chu yeu. Cac
san
phim
nang lugng sach duge thuang mai hda
d nudc ta cdn kha ban che. Hien nay, nang
lugng sach chi chiem chua den 5% san lugng
dien quoc gia. Viec phattrien thuang mai chi
mdi
nim
d qui md le te mang tinh thir
nghiem cua mdt vai doanh nghiep
ma
chua
hinh thanh duge mdt
nganh/lTnh
vyc mang
tinh canh tranh cao.
2.2.
Nhdm
sdn
phdm
tdi che
Theo so lieu thdng ke trong 20 tinh/thanh
cd khoang
5.000
ca sd, hd gia dinh lam nghe
thu gom
phi
lieu nhung sd co sd va lang
nghi
tai
chi
194 ca sd tap trung d Ha Tay,
Bic
Ninh, Hung Yen, Hai Phdng, Tp. Hd
Chinh Minh.
Cae
san
phim
nhya tai ehl hien
nay chilm khoang tir 55-60% thi trudng san
phim
nhya. Trong dd
chii
ylu tap trung
vao
cac
san phim
gia dyng nhu chau
cac
loai, rd
ra cae loai.
San phim
gily chiem tir 45-55%
thi phln,
chii
ylu tap trung
vao
cac
san phim
gily phyc vy gia dinh, cac loai bao bi. San
phim
kim loai tai ehl chilm tir 35-45% thi
phln tieu thy
cac
san
phim
kim loai.
Mdt loai san
phim
khae thudc dang tai
ehl la phan buu co (compost). Hien nay d
Viet Nam da cd mdt sd ca sd thudc dang nay
dang boat ddng, nhung hien tai cdn chua cd
cac sd lieu danh gia vl tinh chi phi hieu qua
ciia
cac nha
may
dang boat ddng nay. Phan
compost do cac nha
may
nay san xuat thudng
la
cd lan nhilu vyn thuy tinh, kim loai va do
dd khd tieu thy.
6
mdt sd dia phuang (thanh
phd Hd Chi Minh, Lang Son,
Da Ning, )
mgt sd tu nhan da tham gia
diu
tu
chi
biln
phan bdn buu ca tir ngudn chat thai tai cac
bai chdn lap.
2.3.
Nhdm
sdn
phdm nong
nghiep:
Nhdm
nay
gom mgt so loai
san phim
nhu
rau an
toin,
ca
phe sach, trai cay an toan,
san
pham chan nudi
va
thuy
san.
- Sdn phdm rau an todn (RAT): Theo Bd
Ndng nghiep
va
Phat tiiln Ndng thdn, hien
nay, ca nudc mdi chi cd 5% dien tich trdng
rau canh tac theo tieu chuin an toan tren tdng
dien tich trdng rau la 850.000 ha. Nhilu vimg
rau an
toan
da duge hinh thanh dem lai thu
nhap cao va an toan eho ngudi
sii
dyng dang
duge
nhieu dia phuang
chii
trgng
diu
tu xay
dyng mdi
va
md rdng nhu d cac tinh Ha Ndi
(dien tich RAT chilm 20 -
25%
tdng dien tich
rau toan thanh phd, tap trung d cac huyen Gia
Lam, Ddng Anh, Thanh Tri), Hai Phdng (An
Lao),
TP Hd Chi Minh, Lam Ddng (Da Lat),
Tien Giang
Cd phe sgch: Den nay, da cd 7 cdng ty
trdng va kinh doanh ca phe thudc 3 tinh Dak
Lak, Quang Tri, Son La va
1
cdng ty thu mua
cua Anh dat tai Lam Ddng duge Utz Kapeh
dp chiing chi. Cdng ty
ca
phe Trung Nguyen
la doanh nghiep ca phe dau tien trong nudc
duge dp chiing nhan Eurep GAP, mdt tieu
chuin an toan va chat
lugng.
In dinh bdi
Hiep hdi san
phim cac
nha ban le EU. Trong
3 nam
gin
day, cdng ty nay da dau tu hang ti
ddng xay dyng vimg nguyen lieu sach d budn
Kd Tam, xa Ea Tu va xa Hda Thuan ngoai
thanh Budn Ma Thudt.
Slp
tdi Trung Nguyen
cdn phd biln tieu chuin nay tdi ndng dan d
huyen Cu Mgar mdt trong nhirng huyen
trgng dilm
ca
phe eua Dak Lak.
Sdn phdm trdi cdy sgch, an todn: Hien
nay dien tich cay an qua
duge
chiing nhan
san xult theo quy trinh thye hanh ndng
nghiep tdt (GAP, GLOBAL GAP,
VIETGAP) cdn
rit
ban ehl, chu ylu tap trung
d cac tinh phia Nam vdi chiing loai nhu Budi
Nam Roi, Vu siia Ld Ren, Thanh Long (Binh
Thuan), rau Cu Chi, rau Da Lat, xoai cat Hda
Ldc d Ndng
tirudng
Sdng Hau
San xult rau, qua, sach, an
toan
hien nay
d nudc ta da dat duge nhiing tiln bd tieh
eye.
Dien tich trdng rau, qua sach
ngay
cang gia
tang;
chit
lugng rau, qua
ngay cang
nang cao
va
chiing loai phong
phii.
Tuy nhien,
san
xuat
rau,
qua
hien nay d nudc ta van cdn nhieu bat
cap.
Dien tich manh
miin,
chua hinh thanh
cae
vimg
san
xult tap trung dl eung cap
QUAN Lt KINH
T£
8642(7+8/2011)
Uli'llil
"^' ^^"^ '^"*"
°°*'*"
PHAT
TRI^N
Bf
N VONG
THONG
QUA
PHAT
TRI^N
nguyen
lieu
dn dinh cho thi trudng, nang suat
chua cao. Md hinh san xuat sach chua duge
nhan rdng. Quy trinh danh gia
chit
lugng va
chung nhan chua hoan thien
Tai thi trudng trong nude, eac sanpham
rau qua xanh, sach chu yeu
duge
tieu thy qua
kenh sieu thi hoac
cac
ciia hang rau
qua
sach
vdi gia cao ban khoang
1,5
lan so vdi cae san
pham truyen thdng. Nhu cau thi trudng ddi
vdi cae san pham
nay
ciing kha cao, tuy
nhien, ngudi tieu dung van cdn khd khan
trong viec tiep can san pham
nay,
dac biet
la
cac vimg ndng thdn va thanh thi cd thu nhap
thap.
Sd lugng cac quay hang kinh doanh san
pham rau sach tai cac chg cdn chiem ty le rat
thap.
Kim ngach xuat khau rau qua cua Viet
Nam da bat dau dn dinh va tang nhanh trong
vai
nam
trd lai day. Nam 2010, kim ngach
xuat khau rau
qua
dat 451 trieu USD. Tuy
nhien, chiing loai rau
qua
xuat khau it thay
ddi,
rau xuat khau
la:
khoai tay, khoai sg,
cai
bap,
dua chudt, bi xanh, dau
qim
tuoi
cac
loai,
hanh, tdi ;
qua
tuoi xuat khau la: chudi,
xoai,
diia,
vai, nhan, thanh long, dira, ba,
mang cyt, dua hau,
Sdn phdm chdn nudi: Tai nhieu dia
phuang, ngudi chan nudi gia
siic,
gia cam da
chuyen ddi tir md hinh chan nudi nhd le sang
md hinh chan nudi sach, chan nudi trang trai
tap
tnmg,
quy md ldn. Nhiing trang trai chan
nudi
Ign
sach duge xay dyng theo md hinh
khep kin:
toan
bg chat thai cua trai
Ign duge
dua ra cac ham
ii
khi biogas de chay
may
phat dien phyc vy chilu sang cho trang trai va
bom nudc tir gilng khoan de tlm cho
Ign,
ve
sinh ehudng trai; khau phan
an
cua Ign su
dyng cam vi sinh. Tuan
thii
diing quy trinh
nay,
dan Ign
sach se it
mac
benh. Ngoai cac
hd ndng dan ap dyng md hinh chan nudi
Ign
sach,
cac
cdng ty
san
xuat
va
ehl bien thye
pham ciing da
chii
trgng chan nudi
Ign
sach
nhlm phyc vy ngudi tieu dimg. Dien hinh la
edng ty TNHH san xuat, thuomg mai va
dieh
vy
Diic
Viet; Tdng cdng ty Ndng nghiep Sai
Gdn (S.A.I); Cdng ty chan nudi va ehl biln
thuc
phim
Sai Gdn (Sagrifood); Tdng cdng
ty thuang mai Ha Ngi (Hapro) Da cd nhieu
doanh nghiep tham gia hgp tac cimg cac ho
ndng dan xay dung cac trang trai chan nudi
Ign
sach cd quy md ldn nhu cdng ty TNHH
phat triln mang ludi toan cau Nam Diing,
cdng ty cd phan Thai Lan, cdng ty Thiic
an
chan nudi Cargill (My)
Hien nay, cd khoang 60 nhan hieu trung
gia dm duge ngudi tieu dimg thudng xuyen
chgn mua. Trong dd, cac nhan hieu dan dau,
la ngudn cung dp triing cho cac sieu thi va
ciia
hang thye pham cd uy tin, chu ylu tir
Cdng ty Cd phln chan nudi CP VN, Cdng ty
Cd phln VTnh Thanh Dat
va
Cdng ty Ba
Huan Tat ca nhiing nha cung cap nay khi
dua hang hda ra thi trudng deu cd giay chiing
nhan kilm dieh eho cac
Id
hang
va
gily cdng
bd
chit
lugng san
phim
dly du.
Phln ldn cac
san phim
thit cua Viet Nam
duge
tieu thy tren thi trudng ngi dia, chi co
mdt lugng nhd duge xult
khIu
(khoang 1%),
hoan
toan la
san
phim
thit Ign, chu ylu xult
sang Hdng Kdng. Tuy nhien, theo
cac
chuyen
gia cho thay, nhin chung Viet Nam khdng co
lgi the trong xult
khIu
thit
Ign
do chi phi gia
thanh cua Viet Nam cao,
chit
lugng cdn thap
va
chua cd cac hiep dinh
thii
y vdi cac thi
trudng ldn dk cd thl md dudng cho cacsan
phim ciia
Viet Nam di
vao.
He sd Chi phi
Ngudn lye ngi dia cua Viet Nam cdn
rit
cao
(xip
xi hoac Idn hon 1)', cd nghTa Viet Nam
khdng ed lai khi xult
khIu
thit.
Thiiy
sdn: Viet Nam dang phat triln
nganh thuy san theo hudng sach dl phyc vu
xuat khau. Trong nudi trdng thuy
san,
ngay
cang
nhieu cac nha may va trai chan nudi
sii
dung
san phim
sinh hgc
lam
thiic
an
trong
'
NguIn:
CEG, " Tdc dpng tu do hod thuomg
m?i
d6i
v6i
ngdnh chdn nu6i
Vi?t
Nam
Q 8(^42(7+8/2011)
QUAN Lt KINH
T£
PHAT
TRigN BgN
VONG
THONG
QUA PHAT
TRI^N
MOI TRUONG KINH DOANH
VEMR
nudi trdng thuy san dl cd duge
san phim
thuy
san
sach. Tuy vay, nudi trdng va danh
bat thuy
san
cua nudc ta hien ciing dang dat
ra nhieu van
de
can giai quyet, nhlt la
cae
van de lien quan den thuy san sach ciing nhu
thuy san dam
bao
VSATTP Do chua kilm
soat duge viing nudi ciing nhu qua trinh cham
sde,
so che, van chuyen thuy
san
nen tinh
trang chiia tap chat
va
du lugng khang sinh,
boa
chat trong
san
pham thuy san cdn kha
pho bien, anh hudng xau tdi chat lugng san
pham xuat khau
va
tieu dimg trong nude.
Trong nhiing
nam
qua, xuat khau thuy
san
eua Viet Nam ludn nam trong top
10
quoc gia
cd kim ngach xuat khau cao nhat the gidi.
Hlu
hit,
nhdm san
phim
thiiy san dat cac
chiing chi ve mdi trudng deu phyc vy cho thi
trudng xuat khau. Chat lugng thuy san tren
thi trudng ndi dia chua
duge
kiem soat chat
che.
Gia tri xuat khau thuy
san
nam 2010 dat
gin
5
ty USD.
Nhu vdy, trong nhirng nam gan day, san
pham thanthien mdi trudng da budc
diu
phat
trien d Viet Nam, dac biet la nhdm sanpham
mang lai lgi ich mdi trudng
va
nhu cau
siic
khde
ciia
ngudi tieu dimg nhu cacsanpham
tilt kiem nang lugng, rau qua sach,
ca
phe
sach,
cac
san
phim
tai che nhu bao bi
thye
phim
Thi trudng eac
san
pham xanh
ngay
cang md rdng tai
cac
thanh phd ldn do nhu
clu tieu dimg xanh ngay cang cao
ciia
dan
chiing. Tuy nhien, quy md phattriensan
phim
thanthien mdi trudng edn nhd be, chua
cd nhieu doanh nghiep Idn trong phattrien
san phamthanthien mdi trudng.
Trong nhiing
nam gin
day, Viet Nam da
cd nhilu chu truang chinh sach nham khuyen
khich
va
tao mgi dilu kien dl khuyin khich
cac
doanh nghiep ap dyng phuang phap
san
xdt sach tao ra
cac
san
phim
thanthien vdi
mdi trudng. Tuy nhien,
cac
chinh
sach
khuyin khich phat triln sanpham than
thifn
mdi trudng nhu cac uu dai ve thue, lai suat,
dao
tao nhan lyc chua rd
ring
va cy the,
mang tinh dinh hudng
la
ehu ylu. He thdng
cac tieu chuan ve san
phim
TTMT, quy trinh
cap chiing nhan mdi trudng cho san
phim
chua hoan thien.
Mdt nguyen nhan khae han ehl phat triln
san phamthanthien mdi trudng cua doanh
nghiep
la
khd khan ve tai chinh, ngudn nhan
lyc cho phat triln san
phim
TTMT. Cac dilu
kien de phattrien thi trudng cac san
phim
than thien mdi trudng cdn thilu
va
chua hoan
thien nhu co sd ha
ting,
cac quy dinh vl tieu
chuan, cdng
tac
quang ba va
xiic
tiln thuang
mai,
quan ly thi trudng san
phim
thanthien
mdi trudng cdn bat cap Ngudi tieu dimg
nudc ta vln chua that sy quan tam den
cac
san phamthanthien mdi trudng do thdi quen
tieu dimg va thu nhap thap.
3.
Mot so giai phap
De phattriensanpham xanh d nudc ta
trong thdi gian tdi, tac giat xin de xuat mdt sd
giai phap d tam
vT
md nhu sau:
Xdy dung vd hodn thien he thdng cdc
quy
dinh,
tieu chudn mdi trudng
ddnh
gid sdn
phdm:
Hoan
thanh he thdng cap nhan ddi vdi
cac sanphamthanthien mdi trudng; Phan
loai
eac
chiing chi va nhan mdi trudng ddi
vdi cac loai
san
pham TTMT; Khuyen khich
phat triln cac to chiic cap nhan sanpham
TTMT ddc lap trong nudc.
Khuyin khich ddu tu phdt trien cdc sdn
phdm thdn thien mdi truang: Khuyin khich
cae
nha
diu
tu nude ngoai
vao diu
tu d Viet
Nam; Lua chgn cac
ITnh
vyc uu tien de
khuyin khich
diu
tu; Khuyin khich cac
doanh nghiep trong nudc
diu
tu phattrien
san
phim
thien mdi trudng; Da dang hda
nguon vdn
diu
tu; Tang cudng nang lyc boat
ddng cua
cac
quy mdi trudng
cac
cap cho
phat triensanpham TTMT.
Thuc ddy phdt triin khoa hoc cdng
nghi phuc vu cho phdt triin sdn phdm thdn
thien mdi truang: Tang cudng nang lyc cho
cac td chiic nghien
ciiu
phat triln cdng nghe
than thien mdi trudng,
pac san phim
than
thien mdi trudng; Khuyin khich
cac
doanh
QUAN Lt KINH if
8(^42 (7+8/2011) Q
VEMR
Mdl TRUlCfNG
KINH DOANH
PHAT
TRI^N
Bf
N
VONG
THONG
QUA
PHAT
TRiiN
nghiep
diu
tu
vao
nghien
ciiu
ling dyng phat
trien
san
pham TTMT. Cd chien
luge
dao tao
ddi ngii nghien ciru ve phat trien
san
pham
xanh. Tu nay
din nam
2015,
nen tap trung
dau tu nghien
ciiu
eac
ITnh
vyc: ndng nghiep
hiiu
CO,
vat lieu mdi, edng nghe sinh hgc, san
pham tiet kiem nang lugng.
Tgo lap cdc diiu kien phdt triin thi
trudng sdn phdm thdn thien mdi truang:
Hoan thien he thdng tieu chi danh gia san
pham thanthien mdi trudng, he thdng nhan
mac ve sanpham TTMT de phan biet san
pham xanh vdi cacsanpham khae khdng
dat
duge
tieu chi nay. Khuyen khich xay
dyng cac trung tam mua
sam
xanh, cac hdi
chg trien lam hang sinh thai, sanpham
than thien mdi trudng. Hinh thanh Giai
thudng ve
san
pham TTMT. Hoan thien he
thdng ha tang thuang mai phyc vy cho viec
phan phdi
san
pham xanh: thiet ke gian
hang xanh, nhan mac xanh, phuang tien
van tai xanh, kho bai xanh, khu chg xanh,
sieu thi xanh Xay dyng
va
hoan thien
cac
cdng cy thi trudng trong viec khuyen khich
thuang mai hda cacsanpham xanh nhu
chinh sach thue, phi, quy mdi trudng, trg
elp
Xay dyng he thdng co sd du lieu ve
san pham xanh. Hinh thanh quy khen
thudng xuat khau ddi vdi sanpham xanh,
doanh nghiep xanh. Xay dyng he thdng uu
dai vl thul xuat nhap khau chi tiet cho
timg nhdm hang/nganh
hang/san
pham
xanh. Tang cudng cdng
tac
kiem soat thi
trudng, phdng
ehdng
sy luu thdng hang
gia, kem chat lugng.
Khuyin khich tiiu diing xanh: Ban hanh
chinh sach khuyen khich cac co quan thudc
chinh phu thye hien mua
sam
cdng xanh.
Khuyen khich ngudi dan mua
sam
xanh
thdng qua
cae
chinh
sach
trg gia, uu dai vl
gia phu hgp vdi
cac
quy dinh eua WTO;
Kilm soat chat che viec
san
xuat
va
tieu thy
eac san phim
cd nguy ca gay d nhiem nhlm
tao thi trudng edng bang cho phattriensan
phim
xanh.
Phat dgng cac phong trao vl su
dyng eac
san
phamthanthien mdi trudng nhu
phong
trao
tilt kiem nang lugng; ban ehl,
tiln tdi
chim
dut
sii
dyng
tiii ni-Idng
khdng
thl
phan buy,
- Ndng cao nhdn thuc cho nguai tieu
diing vi BVMT sir dung sdn phdm
TTMT:
Tang cudng cdng
tae
tuyen truyin giao
due
thdng quacac phuang tien thdng tin dai
chiing vl viee thay ddi cac thdi quen tieu
dung khdng
bin
viing. Xay dyng cac cdng
hdi dap vl san
phim
thanthien mdi trudng.
Phdi hgp vdi eac nha phan phdi ban le trong
viee dinh hudng tieu dung cho khach hang
thdng quacac chiln luge tuyen truyen,
quang ba tai diem ban hang. Tang cudng
cdng
tac
chuyen gia thdng qua viec md
rdng cac chuang trinh tilp
xiic
vdi khach
hang eua
cac
nha chuyen mdn cd uy tin, tao
Idng tin cho khach hang trong viec mua sam
san
phim
xanh.
Tdng cudmg hgp tdc qudc te trong
chuyin giao cdng nghi vd nghiin ciru trien
khai
phdt minh sdng che sdn phdm thdn
thien
mdi truang. Day manh hgp tac qudc te trong
ITnh
vyc nghien
ciiu,
thilt kl
cac san
pham
xanh, trudc
hit la
eac
san phim
ndng nghep
va
nang lugng. Khuyen khich viec hinh thanh
cac
tnmg tam nghien cuu lien doanh giiia cac
CO
sd nghien cuu trong nudc va
cae
td chiic
nghien
ciiu
nudc ngoai. Dly manh hgp tac
trong ITnh vyc
dao
tao ngudn nhan lye. Gui
cac bd di dao tao nang cao kiln thiic
t?i
cac
nudc cd nen cdng nghiep xanh phat trien.
Nang cao ca sd vat
chit
ky thuat
va
cac dilu
kien uu dai cho cac vien, trudng,
cac
trung
tam nghien
ciiu
khoa hgc thdng qua viec keu
ggi cac dy an dau tu, tai trg nudc ngoai trong
viec ho trg nang cao nang luc, phdi hgp
nghien
ciiu.
Hd trg doanh nghiep: Nha nudc can
ban hanh cac chinh
sach
thilt thuc ho trg
doanh nghiep trong
diu
tu ddi mdi cdng
Q Sfii
42 (7+8/2011)
QUAN Lt KINH
T£
PHAT
TRif
N
Bf
N
VONG
THONG
QUA
PHAT
TRI^N.
Mdl
TRUftNG
KINH DOANH
VEMR
nghe, nghien cuu ap dyng
cac
quy trinh
san
xult sach ban, xay dyng thuang hieu, chung
dp thdng tin thi trudng va
xiic
tiln thuang
mai,
dao
tao ngudn nhan lyc
TAI LIEU THAM
KHAO
Bd Tai Nguyen va Mdi trudng (2003),
Chiin
luge
bdo vi mdi truang qudc gia
den ndm 2010 vd dinh hudng din ndm
2020", www.monre.gov.vn.
Vien Nghien
ciiu
thuong mai (2008), Diiu
tra, ddnh gid vd di xudt
gidi
phdp thuang
mgi hda cdc sdn phdm thdn thien mdi
trudng a
Viet
Nam,
Nhiem vy bao ve mdi
trudng dp Bd, Bd Cdng Thuong.
Vien Nghien
ciiu
Thuang mai (2009),
Dinh
hudng phdt triin sdn phdm xanh d Viet
Nam,
Nhiem vy bao ve mdi trudng dp Bd,
Bd Cdng Thuong.
Thii
tudng Chinh phu (2006), Quylt djnh
sd 79/2006/QD-TTg ngay 14/4/2006 vl
phe duyet Chuang trinh myc tieu qudc gia
ve sir dyng nang lugng tilt kiem va hieu
qua giai doan den
nam
2010.
QUAN Lt KINH Tf
SO
42
(7+8/2011) Q
. PHAT
TRI^N
B^N
VCfNG
THONG
QUA PHAT
TRI^N
Mfll TRU&NG
KINH DOANH
{j^\
PHAT TRI^N KINH
T^
B^N
VOfNG
THONG
QUA PHAT TRI^N
cAc
SAN PHAM. cac
san
phim
chu yeu nhu
QUAN Lt KINH le
S(li42
(7+8/2011)
01
VEMR
MOI TRl/dNG KINH DOANH
PHAT
TRI^N
Btn VONG
THONG
QUA
PHAT
TRI^N
nang lugng