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Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo DAC TiNH KY THUAT CUA DA MO VA NHUNG ANH HUUNG CUA CHUNG DEN CONG NGHE PHA DA TRONG DAO LO During the drifting process, for breaking rock and rock masses, so far, the c[.]
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o DAC TiNH KY THUAT CUA DA MO VA NHUNG ANH HUUNG CUA CHUNG DEN CONG NGHE PHA DA TRONG DAO LO During the drifting process, for breaking rock and rock masses, so far, the conventional methods have been the application of the blasting technology or the utilization of the cutter loaders and the cutting machines In the paper, the authors refer to the technical characteristics of the rock and their affects on the rock breaking technology Oli tu-gng eua dao 16 xay dyng co ban vd 16 chuin bj san xult Id dd vd khii dd, dd, d l thi cong cdc du-d-ng Id, thu-d-ng phai SLP dgng ede phu-ang phdp phd da bang n l min, hay c l t dd blng cdc logi mdy nhu-eombai, v.v Hdng nam, ngdnh than phai thi cong mpt khii lu-gng 16-n ede du-d-ng Id, viec phd dd bang thulc n l dang la cdng nghp du-gc u-u tien, bd-i chu'a ed cong nghe phd dd ndo hiiu hipu ho-n Mpt vdi nam tru-o-c day, h l u hit ede mo khai thde than him Id deu nhap ede mdy ddo Id lien hgp AM - 50 hoae AM 45 de thi cdng cdc du-dng Id dpc via than Nhd- dd, mpt s l mo da dgt du-gc tie dp ddo Id tu'o-ng du-o-ng t i e dp trung binh tgi ede nu-d-c phdt triln nhuBa Lan, Australia, Ueraina, v.v Nhu-ng d i n nay, nhilu nguyen nhan, phln Idn dgc tinh ky thugt cua dd nen cdc mdy lien hgp khong c6n hogt dpng thu-dng xuyen KS T R A N PHUC ! N H KS P H I V A N L O N G Vi^n Khoa hgc Cdng ngh^ Mo - Vinacomin mai m6n; tinh kh6 khoan; tinh khdng phd vd- blng n l min; tinh d l ddp va; tinh ciing; tinh chit niit ne eua dd * Dg kien co cua da mo He s l dp kien e l eua dd md hay hp s l dp eiing (f) khdng thii nguyen, M.M Protodiaconov d l xult, du-gc bilu thi thdng qua m l i lien he vd-i dp ben nen dpe true eua dd: / Trong dd On la dp bin nen dpe true cua miu da, MPa Dp kien c l eua dd md du-gc chia Idm 20 logi, logi ed gid trj nhd nhlt Id 0,3 va Id-n nhlt Id 20 Dp kien c l eua dd /" du'gc xae dinh thdng qua thi nghipm thii dp b i n nen dpc trgc cua m i u da, m i u du-gc gia cdng tii khii da nguyen vdi kich thu-dc theo qui djnh nen da loai bd h l u hit ede khuyet tat nguyen sinh eua khii da nhu- niit ne, phan 16-p, phong hod, dp ring, hu-dng khe nCrt, tinh lien tgc, tinh ding nhlt (clu tgo khii da) (hinh 1), v.v Vi vgy, du'a vdo tinh toan thye t l , dp ben eua khii nhd ho-n so vdi dp ben miu, theo dp Id-n khu vyc tinh todn Tinh chit ben cua da Id v l n de thu'dng ggp lya ehpn cdng suit thilt bj thi cdng, nhlt Id cdc thilt bj lien hgp dao Id Cdng suit pha dd thi cdng dao Id da Nguyen kh6i Mot he khe nLrt Hai he khe nut ^ihieu he khe nut IVIdt sd dac tinh ky thuat cua da lien quan din cdng nghe pha da l(hi dao Id Dgc tinh ky thuat cua da mc bao gIm dp kien c l ; tinh TS PHAM MINH DUC KS NGUVeN VAN C N G KS TAG VAN NGAN N m ne manh Hinh MCrc ni>t ne, phan l&p v&i qui md xem xet danh gia dd ben khoi KHCNM SO 2/2012* CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo khii, lien tuc, it niit ne, phan Idp va thd che khdc xa so vdi thi cdng ede dieu kipn dd bj phan Idp, thd ehe thuan theo hu-dng dao v.v mac du dp b i n nen cua m i u dd nhu' Dgc tinh ky thugt eua da ed t h i du-gc tdc dpng bdi cdng nghp de ed t h i tang dp ben (gia el) hoac tang kha nang khai ddo ehpn phu-o-ng phdp thi cdng, hU'dng thi cdng so vdi thd, phan Idp hay niit ne Bang Loai mai mon Rat it mdi mOn Den II Mcii mOn nho 5-10 III Du'di muc mdi mOn trung binh 10-18 IV MSi mon trung binh 18-30 V Mdi mOn khd 30-45 VI Mdi mOn rat khd MSi mOn cao Vlll Mdi mOn rat cao VI 45-65 65-90 Set ket, marmor, apatit, muoi, s6tthan Acgilit, diep thach mem, quSng sunphit, barit Del Sling, anh, quang sit, da v6i, cat ket bj silic hod Thach anh va cat ket hat mjn, thach anh dang vet, da vol, diabac Thach anh va cat ket hat thO, plaghionhit, granhit hat min, diorit, gabro, gneisi Granit, diorit, picroxenhit, amphibolit, gneisi Prophilit, diorit, granit, sienit >90 Dae tinh mdi mdn du-gc xdc djnh thdng qua lu-gng t i n hao cua vat lipu ma sdt tren be mat cdc logi da md khde vd du-gc xdc djnh theo nhilu phu-o-ng phdp D i i vdi thi cong dao Id bang khoan n l min, ngu-di ta thu-dng sii dung phu-o-ng phdp xae djnh tinh mdi mdn eua da theo Baron L I vd Kuznhetxov Vien md Moskva (IGD mang ten Skoczinski A A - LB Nga) Theo dd, ngu-di ta sii dung Keo hot hanh i n n h t m n g giay Cac loai da i^ng vo-i mai mon Chi tieu mai mon * Dac tinh mai mon cua da De phd dd, ngu'di ta thu-dng sii dgng cdc cdng nghp khoan n l hay SCP dung ede mdy c l t gpt, bao dd lien hgp (combai) Qud trinh khoan hay eat da Id qud trinh tilp xue mat giu-a eac vat lipu thep hgp kim hay kim eu-o-ng vdi dd, lam eho kim logi bj mdn, d i n din t i e dp, nang suit khoan, khlu bj suy giam nang lu-gng eung elp cho khoan hay ede ddng CO khlu da khong h i thay dii Tuy theo c l u true eua da thude dang tinh the hgt thd hay hgt mjn, xi mang g i n k i t giu-a cdc hgt thupc logi ndo, dp chat xit v.v md miic dp t i n hao cua vgt lipu kim Ipgi khdc C l u true cua dd (tinh t h i dgng hgt) hay clu tgo cua khii, it phan Idp, niit ne anh hu-dng rit Idn, cd quyet djnh den sy bgi eua viec dp dung cdng nghp CO gidi hod ddo Id (dp dgng combai dao Id than, sii dgng khoan xoay khoan tham dd tru'dc gu'o-ng) De phd da dgt hipu qua, c i n xdc djnh du-gc c l u true da vdi dp mai mdn cua chung de cd cac phu-o-ng phap cdng nghp va thilt bj thich iing Dac diem da theo dp mai mon mui dot kim logi thim than du-gc g i n tren d i u dpng co-, du-gc quay vdi t i c dp 400 vdng/phut, lye tdc dpng len mui dot 15kG (150N) vdng 10 phut Sau dd xae djnh lu-gng t i n hao du-gc tinh theo miligam cua mui dot kim logi Miic dp mdi mdn eua dd mo du-gc phan lam logi cd trj s l nhd nhlt la d i i vdi vat lieu than vd Idn nhlt Id 90 dii vdi ede dd phun xult nhu- Granit, Sienie (bang 1) Tiw cum 'KJ M u i dot hSiig Ihep cirng ISL i C AD ( | M a u da f ''^ It unlscrev jmntnmt" -J— iM»tiiw*jj)ti HIT" Hinh Thiet bi xac dinh mai mdn da CAI KHCNM SO 2/2012* CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo Bdng Chl so d^ mdi mdn RAI -.I'l k.i/iil granil > -41^ > • - • Xdc djnh miic dp mdi m6n nr '00 ^2'J 1-10 160 180 0 20 AD ao cCia dd phuc vg cho cong tdc Rock Abrailvlly Itidio RAI | ] ( D kep than (".i k?p si IKkhlu eung dya tren nguyen ly (cl Tl s kifp f.?nt mdi mdn kim logi tru'gt tren DTa khdng nhu-ng chf tgo mat dd Thilt bj xdc djnh tinh giOa RAI vd tinh mdi mdn eua cdc ranh tren mdt da md edn mdi mdn dd CAI (Cerehar dd CAI theo cong thiic sau: ed nhipm vu tach ehe nhu- mpt Abrasivity Index) hay chi s l CAl = 0,9\fRAI chile nem ddo qua ede Idp mdi mdn cua dd md RAI Dgc tinh ky thugt eua cdc da CO tinh mdi m6n ldn, (Rock Abrasivity Index) du-gc gidi thipu hinh vd chi thiet bj du'gc cdc nhd c h l tgo Trong thye t l , dp dgng s l dp mdi mdn tu-o-ng iing thiet k l , nhdm thich iing vdi may combai dao Id than eho dieu kipn ky thugt cua dd D i i thly, vdi du-dng Id than, da ed du-gc gidi thipu tgi bang vdi cdng tdc khai ddo blng dp mdi mdn thip, t i e dp ddo Chf s l dp mdi mdn eua dd d i u khlu cua Id ed t h i dat tii 300 RAI du-gc Plinninger (2002) mdy lien hgp, mdy khdng chi du-gc g i n cdc 350m/thang, chi phi rang khlu d l xult dya tren mli quan he logi rang khlu cd tinh nang chl khoang 0,3 - 0,4 rang/met giu-a dp ben nen dpc true eua nhulu-di bdo cdc may Id, song, may dao vdo da, dd, Rn (MPa); A, Id s l lu'gng bdo phay d l phd vd mat da dp mdi mdn cao, t i e dp ehi khodng dgc tru-ng da thdnh tiing ldp, md cdc dgt 120 - 150m/thang (%); Si Id s l lu-gng hgt thgch anh bj nghien ndt = 100; n Id mdy TBM hoac combai ddo Id, ehi phi rang khlu tang len s l lu-gng ede logi khoang ed thay cho logi dao eat dgng , - rang/met Id Tu-o-ng ty mat da (60), du-gc bieu cong, ngu-di ta san xult eae d i i vdi cdng tac khoan khao lu-di clt dgng dTa ed hinh sat Id, tinh mai mdn diln theo cdng thiie sau: dgng nem (hinh 3) cua eac logi da sgn, cupi kit RAI = f^A,.S,R„ rit eao nen t i c dp khoan sau cua may khoan ehi dgt 0,2m/ea Trong khoan da bpt kit, m l i ca ed t h i khoan du-gc - 10m 1=1 Phan logi mai m6n eua dd du-gc gidi thipu tgi bang Bang Chl s l RAI Phdn loai < 10 10-30 30-60 60-120 >120 Kh6ng mdi m6n Mdi m6n yeu Mdi mdn Rat m6n Cyc m6n Khi biit du-gc chi s l mai mdn cua da, Schumacher (2004) gidi thipu mli lien he * Tinh chat kho khoan cua da mo ^m Hinh Rang khau mdy dao Id KHCNM SO 2/2012-* CNKT HAM LO Tinh chit khd khoan cua da la sy chlng Igi tac dpng cua thiet bj tgo 16 khoan du-gc xac djnh bang s l met dai l l khoan dieu kipn chuin Dac tinh cua da anh hu-dng Idn d i n c l u tgo cua thiet bj va kha nang pha da tao 16 khoan, c h l dp lam viec cua thiet bi Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo khoan (dp suit nen, gdc nghieng eua Id khoan v.v Ngu'di ta chia d p dp khoan eua dd thdnh 20 nhdm D i i vdi dd md bat d i u tii nhdm thii IV gIm set kit, than mem, din nhdm thii XX gIm dd bazan, quang sit Cong nghp khoan, theo sy phan logi nhdm tinh chit khoan du-gc cua dd md phg thupc vdo tinh nang Idm vipe cua thilt bj khoan vd du-gc chia thdnh ede nhdm nhu' sau: Vdi mdy khoan hogt ddng theo nguyen ly xoay du-gc phan thdnh 12 nhdm nhu- bang Vdi khoan xoay xoln rupt gd chia lam nhdm D i i vdi khoan dap chia lam nhdm D i i vdi khoan tham dd sa khodng chia Idm nhdm D i i vdi khoan dap xoay elm tay chia lam nhdm Trong vung md Quang Ninh, dd md ed nhiing khde biet so vdi cdc vung khdc Id cd dp mdi mdn eao, thdnh phln thach hpc eua dd ed nhilu tinh t h i dgng hgt nhu' thgch anh, vdi xi mang g i n kit cacbonat hoac silieat rit bin nen neu sii dgng cdc logi mdy khoan hay mdy combai hogt ddng theo nguyen ly xoay, se bj mdi mdn nhanh chdng Do dd, d i i vdi vung Quang Ninh chi nen sii dgng cac thilt bj pha da kilu dap hoac dap xoay, cae may khoan tham dd tru'dc gu'o-ng nen ehpn logi may khoan ed CO- c l u dap * Tinh khang no cua da mo Tinh khang n l cua da md la dp bin eua da tru-dc sy pha Bang Nhdm khoan dwQfe eua dd Toe DQ eCrng dd theo phuxmg khoan phdp dap, ehuan, MPa m/h Nhdm khoan du^e eua da Toe khoan ehuan, m/h Do eu-ng dd theo phuong phdp dap MPa 23,0 1,0 Vll 1,89 20,0-30,0 II 11,0 1,0-2,5 Vlll 1,28 30,0-40,0 II 5,7 2,5-3,0 IX 0,76 40,0-50,0 IV 3,35 5,0- 10,0 X 0,48 50,0-60 V 2,25 10,0-15,0 XI 0,32 60,0-70,0 VI 1,5 15,0-20,0 XII 0,15 >70,0 huy eua thulc n l n l min, bao gIm hdng logt ede dgc tinh cua dd nhu dp ddn, dp Cling, dp dai, niit ne, phan Idp, phong hod vd mpt s l dgc tinh khde Tinh khdng n l eua dd lien quan d i n ehi phi lu-gng thulc n l , logi thulc n l , kip no 6e pha vd mpt khii da dilu kien tieu chuin vd du-gc phan nhdm nhu- tren bang Ngodi djnh tinh md bang khdng n l ra, edn ed t h i xae chit chju n l eua dd viec xdc djnh du-dng nhd nhlt Qud trinh phd dd bang n l la qud trinh chdy eua thulc n l vdi t i c dp chdy rit nhanh, trung binh tii 3000 d i n 5000m/giay Qud trinh chdy tgo nen dp suit eao vd cdng phd mgnh Nhu'ng qud trinh Idm vd dd n l khdng phai chi sy nen ep hay lyc cdng phd [14] Chung ta biit rang, dp bin chju keo cua da chi bang 1/10 den 1/20 so vdi dp ben chju nen eua da D i i vdi cdc l l min, sau qud trinh n l , nen ep Id qua trinh giai phong sy nen ep hay qud trinh tang len cua hien tu'gng keo, lam eho da bj vd vgn Mat khde, de phd dd tit, vipe sii dgng thulc n l vdi tic dp bat chdy eua thulc n l cao se tgo du-gc hieu qua n l tit Qud trinh theo ddi hdng tram cupc n l tai cdc cong trinh thuy dien Yaly, Rao Qudn Vien KHCN Md thyc hipn eho thay: thulc n l vdi t i c dp chdy 5000m/giay, siic cong n l mgnh Powergell 3151, ede l l khong ngp bua Ket qua sau n l he s l sii dung 16 deu dat tii 0,95 den Trong dd, vdi thulc n l P113, t i e dp chdy khoang 2800 - 3000m/giay t i t cdc cdc Id diu du-o-c len Bang Nhdm Dae tinh eda dd md Lu^ng thuoc no do>n vig, kg/m^ Tinh chju n l nhe II Tinh chju n l trung binh 0,2-0,4 III KhonI 0,4-0,6 IV Rat kho n l 0,6-0,8 V Ddc biet kho n l 0,8-1,0