Hdi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt mo quoc te 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phat trien ben vitng U i N G D U N G T H I N G H I E M N O M I N L O D O N D E X A C D I N H • • • D U O N G C A N T O I U T J[.]
Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thudt tien mo quoc vi su phat te - trien ben 2010 vitng UiNG D U N G T H I N G H I E M N O M I N L O D O N D E X A C D I N H • • • D U O N G C A N T O I UTJ K H I N O M I N T A N G T H A P ThS Pham Van Hoa, GS TS Carsten Drebenstedt T U Bergakademie Freiberg, C H L B D u e Tom tat: Mot loat cdc thi nghiem nd 16 don da duoc thuc hien tai cdng trudng KT2, du dn xdy dung thuy dien Hudi Quang, Viet Nam voi muc dich xac dinh dudng can tdi uu cho cdc vu no vdi chieu cao tdng 2.5m Nd tdng thap thuong duoc sir dung cdng tdc nd tren mat ddt cdc dieu kien cu the tqi cdc cdng trudng Phuong phap gidi thieu mot sd ket qua khich li gid tri dudng can tdi uu dat duoc vdi the tich phd vd ldn nhat, chi tiiu thudc nd nhd nhat vd mire dd dap vo tot, cung nhu diiu kien nen tdng chap nhan duoc Tir khoa: nd Id don, dudng can tdi uu Gioi thi^u Cac t h i n g h i e m no m i n 16 d o n da duoc sir dung b o i m o t so nha n g h i e n ciru de xac dinh chi tieu thuoc no, d u o n g can t o i han v o i muc d i c h xac d i n h m u c k h o no cua da Phuong phap d u o c g i o i t h i e u dau tien b o i Fraenkel [ ] , v a L a n g e f o r s & K i h l s t r o m [ ] , no cung duoc sir dung t r o n g viec xac d i n h he so k h o no cua da c t r o n g cong thuc t i n h toan cua Langefors H e so k h o no cua da duoc xac d i n h theo p h u o n g phap ciia Fraenkel theo phuong phap sau day: " D o i v o i muc d i c h sir d u n g thuc te, mire k h o no ciia da, c ( k g / m ) , co the duoc xac dinh bang viec no t h i n g h i e m v o i m o t 16 m i n thang dirng co d u o n g k i n h 33 m m , chieu sau 16 1.33 m va v o i l u o n g thuoc no can thiet de pha v o m o t tang co chieu cao m va duong can m d i c h chuyen xa nhat m " Rustan and V u t u k u r i [ ] da sir dung p h u o n g phap no m i n 16 d o n de thiet lap m o i quan he giua c h i tieu thuoc no, d u o n g can, t y le h i n h hoc va cac t i n h chat vat l y cua da va cac vat lieu da nhan tao v o i mire dap v o , d u o n g can, the t i c h pha v o va goc pha v o T i r nhirng ket qua k h i c h le nay, Rustan & N i e [4] da thuc hien cac t h u c n g h i e m t u o n g t u v o i t y le thuc tai m o da N o r d k a l k A B , T h u y D i e n va da so sanh cac ket qua t h u d u o c v o i m o h i n h thi nghiem cua ho cung m o t loai da T r o n g cac ket qua cua ho, su so sanh g i u no v o i ty le thuc va no t h i n g h i e m v o i m o h i n h cho thay m o t sy t u o n g quan k h a tot t o n tai giua duong can va cac t h o n g so khac n h u goc pha v o va he so kso ( k i c h t h u o c l u o i sang v o i 50% khoi l u o n g l o t qua) N g h i e n c u u khac cua B i l g i n [5] cung m a n g l a i cac ket qua rat kha quan tir t h i n g h i e m no 16 d o n v o i no t y le thuc te Sau k h i phan t i c h m o i quan he g i u a duong can v o i goc pha v o , the t i c h pha v o , vang xa, hau x u n g , B i l g i n da ket luan rang the tich pha v o I o n nhat dat duoc k h i d u o n g can la t o i u u , ca c h i tieu thuoc no cung la nho nhat, m u c dap v o va cac d i e u k i e n chan tang tot va chap nhan duoc Cac ket qua v a p h u o n g phap g i o i thieu tir cac v u no l o d o n g o i y cho viec ap dung bien p h u o n g phap de xac dinh d u o n g can t o i u u k h i thay d i chieu cao tang t r o n g cac cong tac no m i n t r o n g cac dieu k i e n t h i cong dan dung cu the* tai V i e t N a m 245 Hpi Cong nghj nghiep khoa hoc md tien kT thudt tien mo qudc vi su phat ti trien bin 2010 vung D a t v a n de V a i yeu cau cua t i e n t r i n h cong nghiep hoa a V i e t N a m , n h i e u dir an nha may thuy dien dang duac x a y dirng Cac cong tac no m i n 16 thien dang dugc thirc h i e n tai cac dir an t h u a n g bat gap n h u n g k h o khan cac dieu k i e n dia h i n h n u i da v a cac d i e u k i e n lam viec tai cac k h u v y c t h i cong Cac v u no t h y c n g h i e m da dugc t i e n hanh tai cong t r u a n g K T , d y an t h u y d i e n H u o i Quang nam tai t i n h San L a P h u a n g phap no cat tang da dugc ap dung tai day, dat da no cac tang k h o n g co d u o n g v a n c h u y e n cho xe tai se dugc xuc chuyen b a i m a y xuc t h u y l y c gau ngugc va sau r a i t y x u o n g bai chira d u o i chan nui (hinh 1,2) M a y k h o a n t y hanh loai cu dang dugc sir d u n g tai c o n g t r u a n g c h i co the khoan tot v a i m o t can k h o a n m K h i may khoan k h o a n v a i hai can k h o a n , can khoan thuang b i ket t r o n g cac 16 m i n dong ca kha y e u va dieu l a m g i a m nang xuat khoan M o t l y khac la cac g i a i han ve k h o i l u g n g thuoc no sir d u n g t r o n g m o t v u no va p h u o n g phap xuc boc dat da no da l y a chgn v i vay chieu cao tang 2.5 m da d u a c sir dung N h u da biet, k h o i da se b i pha v a tot h a n neu chieu cao tang dirge tang len [ ] Tuy nhien, t r u a n g hap t h y c te nay, cac tang thap lam g i a m c h i e u cao tang va dieu se dan den viec g i a m chieu cao cot thuoc no Theo Langefors & K i h l s t r o m [ ] , neu t y so giira chieu cao tang v a d u o n g can l a n nhat K / B m a x < 2, se k h o n g co d u the t i c h 16 m i n de nap day du l u g n g thuoc no nap day va v i the phan nap thuoc no cua 16 m i n nen dugc sir dung nhat de nap l u g n g thuoc no nap day, va v i the no dugc phan loai no m i n tang thap D o l u g n g thuoc nap day day d i i k h o n g dugc sir dung, duong can phai dugc g i a m de mang lai sy pha v a t h i c h h g p v a i chieu dai l u g n g thuoc no ngan h o n A s h [7] da de cap t r o n g bao cao rang k h i ty so giira chieu dai l u g n g thuoc va d u o n g k i n h 16 m i n lid < 60 dugc t i n h la no m i n tang thap T r o n g p h a m v i t y so lid < 60, cac gia t r i d u o n g can nen dugc tang len neu chieu dai l u g n g thuoc no tang len T i r tat ca cac l y tren, c h i i n g t o i da t i e n hanh m o t loat cac v u no t h i nghiem tai cong t r u a n g K T v a i muc dich xac d i n h d u o n g can t o i u u k h i no m i n v o i cac tang co chieu cao thap T r i n h t u t h u c n g h i e m D a tai cong t r u o n g K T la da bazan co mau x a m v o i t i n h the dang hat m i n Cac v u no 16 m i n d o n dugc t h y c hien tai tang n o i k h o i da dong nhat de xac d i n h cac ket qua tot nhat gia t r i d u o n g can t o i //?//// 2: Su bd tri cdc thiet bi md tren king xuc bdc dut dd no xuong bdi chua a chan nui 246 Hpi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc md tien ki thudt tien mo qudc vi su phat te - trien 2010 ben vung \ r ' u u dieu k i e n m o t loai da giong Cac t i n h chat c a hoc ciia da dugc g i a i thieu bang Bang 1: Cdc dnh chat ca hoc cua dd bazan tqi cdng trudng KT2 * Do ben nen true ( M P a ) 117 D o ben keo m o true ( M P a ) T y trgng (g/cm ) 12.50 2.77 Bang 2: Cdc thdng so nd sir dung cho cdc thi nghiem nd ty te thu c tqi cdng trudng T * Chieu cao tangY ( K ) ^ j Duong can (B) dugc de xuat v d i Duong kinh 16 (d) Goc nghieng 16 Goc nghien sudn tang Chieu sau khoan them j Lugng thuoc no chinh, Ammonite AD-1 *— f > • Chieu dai lugng thuoc no (I) Ty so (lid) Moi no, VE-05A ( T N T ) Phuong tien khdi no KT2 2.5 m 1.9,2.3,2.5,2.7,2.9 m 76 mm Thang diing - 85° 0.3 B 4.15 kg/16 1.22 m 16 175 g Kip no dien Cac 16 khoan dugc khoan each m o t khoang each t h i c h h o p de goc pha v d k h o n g bi chong cheo v a anh h u d n g lan nhau, ddng da no se k h o n g b i t r o n l a n v d i T r o n g cac v u nd t h i n g h i e m nay, 16 khoan d u d n g k i n h 76 m m da d u g c sir d u n g , va day la d u o n g kinh 16 khoan loai nho co the dugc khoan v d i loai m a y k h o a n dang sir d u n g tai cdng trudng V i e c su dung l d khoan d u d n g k i n h nhd h o n l a m cho chieu dai l u g n g thuoc dai han De dam bao sir chen k i n cho m o i v u no, chieu dai bua ( T ) nen d u g c sir dung t r o n g p h a m v i T=(0.6+0.8)B ( B la d u d n g can) [2, 8] hoac T = (25 + ) d , hoac chieu dai bua nen bang v d i gia t r i d u d n g can ( T = B ) C h i e u dai l u g n g thudc nd dugc g i u k h o n g thay d o i va no dugc tinh toan cho chieu dai l u g n g thuoc no la dai nhat co the de l a m tang cao kha nang pha v d b d i l u g n g thudc nd dai, n h u n g k h o n g gian 16 m i n danh cho chieu dai bua phai d a m bao sir chen k i n va dii de k i m g i u k h i no cho cac v u no Cac thong so da sir dung t r o n g cac t h i n g h i e m t y le thirc dugc trinh bay bang De phong ngira cac t h o i thuoc A D - b i ket tren 16 m i n , t h o i thuoc co d u o n g k i n h m m da dugc lira chgn, thoi thuoc dugc nap ket h g p v d i K thuoc no A D dang r d i de d a m bao chen k i n i d m i n nap T r u d c k h i nd t h i n g h i e m , cac m a n h da v d d xung quanh k h u vuc n d dugc dgn va sau cac mat tang dugc k i e m tra D u d n g can thirc te dugc chinh xac cung v d i chieu cao tang thirc te Q u y t r i n h nap thuoc no dugc t h y c hien can than bang viec dat moi no tai v i t r i nen tang va n h i thu6c no bang m o t 247 J _L x Hinh 3: Minh hoa mot thi nghiem Id dan (Old gdc phd vd) nd Hdi Cong nghi nghiep khoa hoc ki thudt md tien tien md qudc vi sic phat te - trien 2010 bin viing gay go Sau k h i no t h i n g h i e m , goc pha v a ( ) , hau x u n g cho m o i lo m i n dugc ( h i n h 3) Viec chup anh d o n g da no cung dugc thirc hien de k i e m tra m u c dap v a ciia cac v u no The t i c h da no dugc t i n h toan bang viec sir dung cac t h o n g so goc pha v a , ducmg can va chieu cao tang Cac ket qua va thao luan M u c d i c h cua cac thir n g h i e m no la de xac d i n h d u o n g can t o i u u , la gia t r i duong can m a tai gia t r i the t i c h pha v a dat dugc I o n nhat, c h i t i e u thuoc no nho nhat cho t r u o n g h o p tang co chieu cao 2.5m Cac ket qua ciia cac thir n g h i e m no 16 m i n don dugc t r i n h bay t r o n g bang Bdng 3: Cdc ket qua nd thir nghiem TT Duong can thuc te (m) ^ Chieu cao tang (m) Id dan Hau xung (m) Goc pha vo (do) i * The tich pha va ( m ) Chi tieu thuoc no (kg/m ) 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.5 115 103 96 81 2.5 70 0.65 0.80 1.1 1.2 4.1 Quan he giira goc phd vd va dudng 14.17 16.63 17.35 15.57 14.72 0.33 0.28 0.27 0.30 0.32 can T r o n g cac thir n g h i e m nay, goc pha v a la m o t thong so quan t r g n g k h i no dugc sir dung de xac d i n h the t i c h da pha v a va chi tieu thuoc no Goc pha v a dugc dugc trinh bay bang 3, v a m o i quan he giua goc pha v a va d u o n g can d u o c m o ta t r o n g h i n h Phan t i c h h o i quy dugc ap dung de xac d i n h m o i t u o n g quan g i u a goc pha v o va duong can Co the thay tren h i n h 4, quan he t h i c h hgp nhat dat dugc v o i dang quan he ty le nghich, gia t r i cua goc pha v a g i a m x u o n g v o i sir tang len ciia ducmg can X u h u o n g cung dugc quan sat t r o n g cac v u no t h i nghiem tren m o h i n h hoac no t y le thirc ciia Rustan & N i e [ ] , B i l g i n [ ] Theo cac tac gia nay, sir g i a m x u o n g bat n g a ciia goc pha v o dugc t i n la m o t dau hieu de xac d i n h d u o n g can t a i han B ( B la c c gia t r i d u o n g can nho nhat k h o n g b i pha Breakage angle 140 120ICO n o ) T u y nhien, 6J cac thir n g h i e m nay, chiing t o i chi 50 v a b a i l u g n g thuoc tap trung vao viec xac d i n h d u o n g can t o i u u va v i vay k h o n g co gang xac d i n h gia t r i d u o n g can t a i han = 204.36 - 45.27x8 R = 0.96 4020 Cong thiic xac d i n h cho chieu cao tang 2.5 m tai cong t r u a n g K T co dang n h u sau: = 204.36-45.27 x B (1) 2.5 3.5 Burden (m) Hinh 4: Moi quan he giua gid tri gdc phd vd duac vd dudng can 248 0.5 1.5 Hpi Cong R nghi khoa nghiep hoc mo tien kT thuat tien md quoc vi su phat te - trien ben 2010 vung =0.958 0" day: = goc pha v o ( d o ) ; B = d u o n g can ( m ) ; R = he so t u o n g quan C o n g thuc co cung dang n h u cac ket qua tir cac t h i n g h i e m no m i n 16 d o n b o i cac nha nghien c u u khac [5, 9] n h u n g chung c h i nen d u n g n h u m o t sir t h a m khao d o i v o i cac dieu k i e n t h i n g h i e m n h u t a i cong t r u o n g K T 4.2 Mdi quan he giira xung vd dudng hau can H a u x u n g duoc phat hien va tai v i t r i ben mat p h i a tren cua Backbreak 1.44 1.2 tang M o i quan he giira hau x u n g v a duong can duoc t r i n h bay tren h i n h Tir h i n h chung ta co the thay m o i quan he t u y e n t i n h giira hau xung va d u o n g can N h u da duoc de cap b o i B i l g i n [ ] rang k h i gia t r i duong can I o n h o n , k h i no dupe g i u mot t h o i gian lau h o n t r o n g 16 m i n , v i the k h i no co n h i e u t h o i gian h o n 0.80.6U = 0.53xB - 0.38 R = 0.95 0.4- 0.2 0.5 de xuyen qua cac khe n u t m o i dupe tao va cac nut ne t u n h i e n va l a m cho chung m o rong va keo dai D o i v o i ly nay, d u o n g can k h o n g nen lira chon gia t r i I o n h o n gia t r i duong can t o i u u , dieu se g i u p cho viec g i a m hau x u n g va cac pha hiiy len be mat tang cua dot no tiep theo se g i a m nho nhat 4.3 Mdi quan he giira the phd vd va dudng can tich 2.5 3.5 Hinh 4: Moi quan he giira hau xung vd dudng cdc vu nd thu nghiem Broken volume 20 '18 16 1412 10 V = 3.98xB 39xB + 117.84 B - 96.3 R =0.92 6- can M o i quan he g i u a the t i c h pha v o dupe t i n h toan tir cac thong so goc pha v o , d u o n g can va chieu cao 0.5 tang dupe bieu dien tren h i n h T i r phan tich h o i quy, quan he tot nhat dat dupe co dang d u o n g cong da thuc H i n h dang cua d u o n g 1.5 Burden (m) Hinh cong 1.5 Burden (m) 2.5 3.5 5: Mdi quan he giua the tich phd vd vd dudng can cho thay the t i c h pha v o tang len k h i d u o n g can tang len t o i m o t gia t r i nao do, v u p t qua gia U i t h ! t i c h pha v o g i a m x u l n g v o i sir tang len t h e m nira ciia d u o n g can T r o n g truong hop nay, d u o n g cong nhan dupe gia t r i I o n nhat cua no tai gia t r i d u o n g can 2.4 m N h u dupe phat b i l u b o i Hagan [10] rdng: " d l i v o i m o t tap h o p cac d i l u k i e n n l cu t h ! se co mot d u o n g can t l i u u ( B ) m a tai t h ! t i c h da dupe dap v o t h i c h h o p la I o n nhai va cac dieu kien nen tang la chap nhan dupe" Phat b i l u da d u p e c h i i n g m i n h cac 249 Hdi Cdng nghi khoa nghiep hoc md tien thi n g h i e m no m i n 16 d a n b a i m o t so cac nha n g h i e n c h u [5, 9] va no cung dung d o i v a i cdc thuc n g h i e m no tai kT thudt tien vi sir phat 0.30- quan 0.25- thirc hien sau cac thi nghiem no da cho thay rang m u c dap v a va dieu k i e n nen tang la chap 0.20- nhan dugc T i r cac t i n h toan tren, 0.15- d u o n g can t o i u u co the dugc chap 0.10- nhan v o i gia t r i 2.4 m 4.4 Mdi quan thudc nd va duong he giua te - trien 2010 bin vung Specific charge 0.3S cong t r u a n g K T Sir k i e m tra true dugc md qudc q = -0.08xB - 0.76xB - 2.29 x B + 2.48 R = 0.92 0.05chi tieu can Cac ket qua no t u bang cung cho thay c h i t i e u thuoc no la nho nhat 05 Hinh 1.5 Burden (m) 2.5 35 6: Moi quan he giua chi tieu thuoc no vd duong can k h i d u o n g can la t o i u u T h u o c no d u o n g n h u boc 16 nang l u g n g hiru i c h n h i e u nhat v o i gia t r i d u o n g can t o i u u D i e u co y nghia rang se co n h i e u nang l u o n g hiru i c h d u g c sir d u n g de pha v a dat da va cac tac dong co hai n h u chan d o n g , da bay len m o i t r u a n g it h a n N e u d u o n g can t o i u u dugc lira chgn cho m o i thiet ke no, no se la m o t buoc rat quan t r g n g de m a n g l a i m u c dap v o tot v a i chi p h i thuoc no thap nhat co the ( h i n h 7) 4.5 Duong can tdi uu D u o n g can t o i u u d u g c t i m thay v o i gia t r i 2.4 m t u o n g u n g v o i t y so B = 31.6xd, va t y so giira d u o n g can t o i u u va chieu cao tang BJK < 0.5 or K B < T i r cac so lieu ciia loat t h i n g h i e m nay, chung t o i co the ket luan rang gia t r i cua B co the dugc phan loai la gia t r i d u o n g can k h i no m i n tang thap k h i t y so K B < theo sir phan loai ciia Langefors [ ] Ket luan D u o n g can t o i u u d u g c xac d i n h v o i gia t r i gan bang v a i c h i e u cao tang, va no co the dugc phan loai la no m i n v o i gia t r i chieu cao tang thap D i e u co nghTa la, k h i no m i n tang thap 16 m i n c h i co k h o n g gian cho l u o n g thuoc no nap day, va v i the thuoc no nen dugc nap v o i mat I o n nhat de nhan dugc h i e u qua pha v a l a n nhdt Viec xac dinh duong can toi uu cung dan den mot so uu diem no mang lai the tich pha v o l a n nhat, c h i t i e u thuoc no nho nhat, mire dap v o v a cac d i e u k i e n neh tang la tot va chap nhan d u g c Cac y e u to khac n h u hau x u n g , c h i t i e u thuoc no c i i n g se dugc giam x u o n g neu d u o n g can t o i u u d u g c lira chgn, dieu cung dan den viec sir d u n g hieu qua nang l u g n g no t r o n g viec pha v o da Ket qua ciing hiru ich doi voi dieu kien cu the tai cong truong hau hit phdn Ion nang l u g n g chat no se d u o c sir d u n g de pha v o da v a i d u a n g can t o i i r u , va no se m a n g lai chi p h i no m i n h o p l y cho cac nha thau 250 Hpi nghi Cdng nghiep r f khoa hoc kT thuat md qudc te - 2010 md tien tien vi su phat trien ben vung L o i c a m o n Chung t o i chan cam o n x i nghiep Song D a 8.02, can bo cong nhan cong tac tai cong t r u o n g K T - d i r an thuy dien H u o i Quang va dac biet cam o n Thac sy N g u y e n T h a n h Trung, g i a m doc x i nghiep, n h u n g n g u o i da ho t r o va g i u p d o chiing t o i viec thirc hien cac v u no thirc n g h i e m References I 10 Fraenkel, K H , Handbook in rock blasting technique Part I 1954: Esselte A B , Stockholm Langefors, U and B Kihlstrom, The modern technique of rock blasting, ed 1963, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc 405 Rustan, A and V.S Vutukuri, The influence from specific charge, geometric scale and physical properties of homogeneous rock on fragmentation Int Symp on rock fragmentation by blasting, Lulea, Sweden,, 1983 1: p 115-142 Rustan, A and S.L Nie, New method to test the rock breaking properties of explosives in full scale International Journal o f Surface Mining and Reclamation, 1992 6: p 191-200 Bilgin, A , Single hole test blasting at an open pit mine in full scale: A case study International journal o f Mining, Reclamation adn Environment, 1991 5(4): p 191-194 Rustan, P.A., Burden, Spacing and Borehole Diameter at Rock Blasting Third International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, 1990: p 303-310 Ash, R.L., Design of blasting rounds Surface Mining, ed M Society for Mining, and Exploration V o l 1990: B.A Kennedy Adhikari, G.R., Studies on Flyrock at Limestone quarries Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1999 32(4): p 291-301 Rustan, A and S.L Nie, New method to test the rock breaking properties of explsives in full scale International journal o f Mining, Reclamation adn Environment, 1992 6(4): p 191-200 Hagan, T.N., The influence of controllable blast parameters on fragmentation and mining costs Int Symp on rock fragmentation by blasting, Lulea, Sweden,, 1983 1: p 31-51 251