Current Trends of Road traffic Infrastructure Development Transportation Research Procedia 20 ( 2017 ) 731 – 739 2352 1465 © 2017 Published by Elsevier B V This is an open access article under the CC[.]
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 731 – 739 12th International Conference "Organization and Traffic Safety Management in Large Cities", SPbOTSIC-2016, 28-30 September 2016, St Petersburg, Russia Current Trends of Road-Traffic Infrastructure Development Sultan Zhankaziev * Moscow State Automobile and Road Technical University, 64, Leningradsky av., Moscow, 125319, Russia Abstract Recently many countries place stakes on such technologies as autonomous transportation vehicles and cooperative intelligent transportation systems The prototypes have been built and undergo various tests in different countries worldwide, including Russia However, this phenomenon is nothing else than the next stage of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) development, which has been aimed at complete change not only the idea of ITS, but the very process of conveyance of cargoes and passengers and a process of control of transportation vehicles © by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license © 2017 2016Published The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 12th International Conference "Organization and Traffic Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 12th International Conference “Organization and Traffic Safety Safety Management in large cities" Management in large cities” Keywords: autonomous transportation vehicles, road, infrastructure, transport, transportation network (TN) development Introduction A general trend of development of the road and traffic infrastructure of transportation systems is shown in Figure * Corresponding author Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 E-mail address: sultanv@mail.ru 2352-1465 © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 12th International Conference “Organization and Traffic Safety Management in large cities” doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2017.01.118 732 Sultan Zhankaziev / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 731 – 739 Fig General vector of transportation systems development It is not worth the trouble to speak separately about the level of some ITS subsystems, since quite a great deal of scientific works has been written to these topics and one can see with his own eyes functioning of different ITS subsystems practically in any rather big city The following levels of ITS development are of great interest, in the field of which active investigations and tests of prototypes are presently underway [Zhankaziev (2016)] At the present stage of development the ITS both globally and in the RF corresponds to different subsystems (ASCD, monitoring the state of road and road infrastructure, informing traffic participants (TP), ADAS, etc.) functioning in autonomous mode and effecting communication "infrastructure – transportation vehicle (TV)" (Figure 2) [Zhankaziev (2016)] The major drawback of this stage is a unilateral communication with TV, i.е ITS, at best, are urged to forecast a response reaction or possible actions of TV drivers, in the worst case scenario they not take it into account whatsoever This drawback significantly restricts the ITS functionality and does not make it possible to fully use the potential of the roads network Sultan Zhankaziev / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 731 – 739 ADAS – Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Fig ITS Current State The next stage of ITS development is the development of cooperative ITS, which represent a kind of a transient and nearly invisible stage, since it basically consists in the development of different communication channels, which help implement the feedback "TV – infrastructure" and vehicle-to-vehicle interaction of TV, which to a great extent can increase efficiency of ITS and, as a result, increase efficiency of using the road network (Figure 3) Fig Technical Complexes of ITS Cooperative Systems 733 734 Sultan Zhankaziev / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 731 – 739 However, a full-scale incorporation of such technologies places rather high requirements to TV equipment As of the present moment the technologies of cooperative ITS undergo ambitious tests and the work is in progress to establish the regulatory and legal framework in the field of equipment and communication channels Such structures as European Committee for Standardization (CEN), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) [Zhankaziev (2012)], European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) demonstrate special activity in this work The national technical committees, e.g TK 57 established on the basis of the Institute of Moscow State Automobile & Road Technical University (Figure 4) also take active part in the field of standardization An approximate time for reaching this stage of development is 2023-2025 Fig Standardization in the Field of ITS It should be noted that an ideal option for ITS would be not only the possibility of analyzing a response to the control inputs and TV behavior in the roads network, but a possibility of scheduling routes of TV movement and a possibility of driving TV in order to make scheduling the most effective (Figure 5) This aspect has promoted the IRS development to the nest stage: development and incorporation of autonomous TV (АТV) and autonomous coordinated control over TV A tentative date for attaining this stage of development is 2025-2035 [Zhankaziev (2010)] Sultan Zhankaziev / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 731 – 739 Fig Technical Complexes of Autonomous Transportation Systems It should be separately noted the fact that according to the presented concept an individual TV ceases to be an independent unit, i.е the TV movement is provided in the integrated information field, where different ways of interaction between TV, driver, road infrastructure and other TV is a possibility In spite of rather progressive development of described technologies, there still remains a great deal of unsettled issues, which solution shall be mandatorily shaped: x building TV movement intelligent control systems; x improving technical vision systems; x legal aspects of autonomous vehicles operation (determining a responsible party and a degree of responsibility for violating traffic rules and causing road accidents on the part of ATV); x integration into intelligent transportation environment; x interaction with road infrastructure and services; x standardization issues, including communication standards (DSRC, ITS-G5, …); x psychophysiology of interaction of a human being with the system of autonomous driving (problem of process of control transfer, ensuring safety under conditions of a mixed flow (movement of ATV and TV with manual control in an integrated flow); x issues of cybernetic safety The following basic advantages of incorporating technologies of autonomous transportation vehicles have been distinguished: x reduced influence of a human factor, which will inevitably entail such effects as accident rate reduction, improvement of efficiency of using road network and improving environmental situation x increased labor productivity and production safety due to automation of technological procedures of passenger and cargo transportation x It will help significantly optimize special transportation and technological operations, e.g., response to ES and consequences thereof, counterterrorism policy, conducting operations of military character 735 736 Sultan Zhankaziev / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 731 – 739 Two ways of building autonomous TV are envisaged in EU The major one is the development of autonomous systems of TV focused on TV movement along highways The second way, which is additional from the point of view of TV, consists in automation of TV movement along the street-road network of inhabited localities According to EU every way will bring about in this or the other respect building of an autonomous vehicle, however, the way of developing autonomous systems focused on TV movement by the motor highways It is planned to attain the level of partial automation by 2025 (according to SAE classification) in the context of movement by the motor highways, and in the context of movement along the street-road network of inhabited localities by 2030 Proceeding from the results of these works further activities will be carried out for attaining full automation The graph shows a current situation in the field of investigations in the framework of program “autonomous TV” (Figure 6) Fig Strategy of Development of Autonomous Transportation Vehicles Sultan Zhankaziev / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 731 – 739 737 Russia is not lagging behind the world trends and performs its own developments in the field of ATV and cooperative ITS In particular, the in-house scientific and experimental-design work is being carried out on the scientific and technical basis of Moscow State Automobile and Road Technical University (MADI) For instance, the prototypes with the automated systems of vehicles’ control have been built (Figure 7) Fig Prototypes of MADI ATV A pilot section ITS "Intelligent road" has also been established on the scientific and technical basis of MADI, where the development and approbation of technical and technological solutions of cooperative transportation systems (Figure 8) is underway [Zhankaziev (2015)] 738 Sultan Zhankaziev / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 731 – 739 Pilot Section ITS “Intelligent Road” Fig Pilot Section ITS “Intelligent Road” x x x x The following prototypes of cooperative intelligent transportation systems can be taken as an example: subsystem of dynamic weighing of transportation vehicles; subsystem of informing about road accidents; subsystem of coordinative control of traffic-light facilities; subsystem of informing about weather conditions Apart from this, a research complex of psycho physiological analysis of road traffic participants on the basis of MADI (Figure 9) This complex helps not only to carry out research in the field of building and improving different ITS subsystems, but conduct investigations aimed at the development of "algorithms of behavior" of ATV under conditions of mixed transport flow and by the same answer one of the most important questions staying in the way of development of the autonomous transportation systems: development of the logic of behavior of ATV under conditions of mixed transport flow [Zhankaziev (2012)] Sultan Zhankaziev / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 731 – 739 Fig Research Complex of Psycho physiological Analysis of Road Traffic Participants Thus, one can make a unanimous conclusion that we all will face a kind of revolution in the field of ITS in the nearest future, which will completely change the current idea of traffic, and what is not less important, the domestic scientific staff contributes greatly thereto References Zhankaziev, S.V Tur, А.А., Khalilev, R.F (2010) Intelligent Roads – Modern Outlook Science and Engineering in the Road Industry, (2): 1– Zhankaziev, S.V (2012) Scientific Approaches to Shaping a Concept of Building Intelligent Transportation Systems in Russia Bulletin of GLONASS, (1): 29 Zhankaziev, S.V (2012) Scientific Fundamentals and Methodology of Establishing Intelligent Transportation Systems in the Traffic and Road Complexes of Cities and Regions Мoscow: MADI, 43 p Zhankaziev, S.V (2015) Intelligent Transportation Systems and Typology of Drivers From the Beginnings to Modern Age, pp 321–323 Zhankaziev, S.V (2016) Development of Designs of Intelligent Transportation Systems Мoscow: MADI, 104 p Zhankaziev, S.V (2016) Intelligent Transportation Systems Мoscow: MADI, 120 p 739 ... at the development of "algorithms of behavior" of ATV under conditions of mixed transport flow and by the same answer one of the most important questions staying in the way of development of the... ways of interaction between TV, driver, road infrastructure and other TV is a possibility In spite of rather progressive development of described technologies, there still remains a great deal of. .. subsystem of informing about road accidents; subsystem of coordinative control of traffic- light facilities; subsystem of informing about weather conditions Apart from this, a research complex of psycho