•lOlRN ̂ L OF SCIENCE & TKCHNOLOGY 4 No 87 2012 GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY AND REFERENCE EMISSION LEVELS DETERMINATION FOR FERTILIZER SECTOR IN VIETNAM KlfeM KE KHi NHA KINH VA XAC DINH MUC PHAT THAI CO[.]
•lOlRN.^L OF SCIENCE & TKCHNOLOGY No 87 - 2012 GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY AND REFERENCE EMISSION LEVELS DETERMINATION FOR FERTILIZER SECTOR IN VIETNAM KlfeM KE KHi NHA KINH VA XAC DINH MUC PHAT THAI CO S6 CHO NGANH SAN XUAT PHAN BON VII^T NAM Vu Thi Minh Tliu Nguyen Thf Anh Tuyet Vietnam Institute of Industrial Chemistry Hanoi University of Science and Technology Received February 29.2012; accepted April 26, 2012 ABSTRACT Fertilizer pmduction is becoming an intensive industry In Vietnam, meaning that greenhouse gases (GHG) emission of the sector will increase and contribute a significant proportion to a national GHG emission total Among domestic fertilizer types, nitmgenous fertilizer and DAP are most outputintensive production as well as COz-intensive emissions This paper determines total GHG amount as well as reference emission levels of fertilizer pmduction in Vietnam The study focuses on two intensive energy pmducts, those are urea (related to the NHj production) and DAP (related to the H:P04productiori) The results can be directly used for national (3HGs inventory mission and indirectly referred for developing strategic that objectives to mitigate the impacts of climate change and towards a low carbon economy in service of sustainable development TOM TAT Sdn xuit phdn bdn dang tr& thdnh ngdnh cdng nghidp diim tai Vidt Nam diiu dd din t&i phdt thdi nhd kinh (KNK) cua ngdnh sd tdng vd gdp ty 1$ ddng ke tdng phdt thdi KNK qu6c gia Trong s6 cdc /o?/ phdn bdn dugc sdn xuit tat Vidt Nam, hai loai sin phim chidm ty trqng l&n nhit ding th&i cQng gdy phdt thdi CO2 l&n nhit Id phdn dam va DAP Bai bdo ndy xdc djnh phdt thdi KNK cho ngdnh sdn xuit phdn bdn Vi$t Nam t$p trung v^o loai hinh tidu thu ndng luang vd phdt thdi KNK (rpng didm Id sdn xudt phdn dam (lidn quan t&i san xuit amoniac) vd sdn xuit phdn DAP vd (lien quan t&i sdn xuit axit photphoric) Tren ca sa dd ddnh gid sa bd vi hidu qua sir di^ng nang luang cung nhu mirc phdt thdi ca sa cda ngdnh Ket qud co the duac sir dung true tiep eho cdng tdc kiim kd KNK qudc gia, ddng th&i Idm ca s& cho vide xdy dung cdc muc tidu chiin luoc nhdm gidm nhe tde ddng cua biin ddi hdu vd hu&ng t&i mdt ndn kmh ti cacbon thip phuc vu suphdt triin bin vimg INTRODUCTION According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the increasing rate of greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration has reached a peak in 2010, of which the major contribution is CO2 Among industrial sectors, Ihe nitrogenous fertilizer production is one of most intensive energy and GHG emission sectors Even though specific energy consumption of Ihe modem nitrogenous fertilizer plants is much reduced compared to the 60s-teehnology plants (28 GJ/ton of NH3 compared to 60 GJ/ton of NHj, respectively) ni, energy use in fertilizer industry still occupies about 1.2% of the world energs consumption More than 90% of this energy is used for producing ammonia [2] Up to 2010, there were about 400 fertilizer production plants in Vietnam produced 6.6 million tons (Mt) of product outputs include types - N (urea), DAP, P (phosphate), and NPK [3] At the moment, more than 80% of this output total was produced by largest plants, among which two nitrogenous fertilizer plants supply 100 % domestic urea demand According to the Vietnam Fertilizer Association (VFA) by the end of 2012, the domestic production will reach 7.25 million tons include million tons of urea ,2 million tons of phosphate 330.000 tons of ^^p^ a^j 35 j^jnjon tons of \PK In the 2012 2015 period 1.5 million tons of urea will be added by neu and expansion projects p^^,„^^^ production al»ays been considered as the most intensive energy and Q^Q emission sector in chemistry, related to JOURNAL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY * No 87 - 2012 producing NHj, producing HjP04 and producing HNOj (IFA) Tlie average specific energy consumption in nitrogenous fertilizer production in the world is about 41 GJ/ion of NHj [4] In Vietnam, paralell with the developing trend of domestic fertilizer production (in which production of urea, phosphate and DAP will occupy about 65%, 18% and 10% respectively), GHG emissions from the sector will increase significantly In order to contribute to the national GHGs inventory mission, this paper determines total GHG amount as well as s base emission line of fertilizer production in Vietnam The study focuses on two intensive energy products, those are urea (related to the NH, production) and DAP (related to the HjPO* production) RESEARCH METHODS 2.1 Determining GHG emiwions nitrogenous rciiilizcr produclion in Vietnam has urea fertiiizer plants those arc HaBac Nitrogenous Fertiiizer and Chemical Ltd Company (HANiCHEMCO) and Phu My Fertilizer Piani (PFP) They use NHj-synthesIs leclmologies: different HANICHEMCO applies China coal-based gasification technology (Fig 1) and PFP applies auto-thermal reforming technolt^ using natural gas (Fig.2) These produclion processes gcneftte COj '-IPI 181 Fig I Coal-based NH3 produclion process Fig Natural gas-based NH, prod Process (CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage; (SMR: Steam Methane Reformer) ASU: Air Separation Unit) In principle, total CO: emissions of the sector can be delermined by aggregating CO^ emissions from fertilizer plants In order to determine CO: from plants, conventional method is material balance This method requires extremely detail input data which are usually infeasible in the real life In framework of the national GHG inventory programme, the IPCC guidelines have been used for determining total GHG emissions from numbers of sectors such as electricity, and cement production For nitrogenous fertilizer production IPCC 2006 introduced three GHG inventory tiers which ability to descending data The formulations are as follows [5]: Rco,=CO, recovered for downstream use (for produclion of urea CO' liquid and C0-> solid) Tier I • where TFR, = total fuel requirement for fuel/, GJ; TFR,,, = total fuel requirement for fuel i used by plant n GJ Eco2 = AP • FR ' CCF * COF * 44/12 - R^QJ where: E^-oj = CO, emissions kg: AP -• NIU production, ion: FR = fuel requirement per unit of output GJ/ton of Ml produced; CCF = carbon content factor of the fuel, kg CO./ ; COF = carbon oxidation factor of the fuel: Tier TFR,= 5:(AP„ • FR„) E ^ i (TFR • c c r • COF • 44 12) - R^Q, where TFR, = total fuel requirement for fuel i, GJ; AP,j = NH- production using fuel i in process y, tons; FR,^ = fuel requirement per unit of output for fuel in process j GJ/ton SHj produced Tier TFR, = V TFR,„ E,„, = :L(TFR, • CCF* COF'44 12)-R