KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO ^|3| CHIEU CAO TANG VA ANH HUDNG CUA VU NO MIN DEN GIA TRI DUIDNG CAN TRONG DIEU KIEN TANG THAP TS PHAM VAN HOA Trwcmg Dai hgc Md Dja chat GS TS C DREBENSTEDT Bergakademie Fre[.]
_^|3| KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO CHIEU CAO TANG VA ANH HUDNG CUA VU NO MIN DEN GIA TRI DUIDNG CAN TRONG DIEU KIEN TANG THAP TS PHAM V A N HOA - Trwcmg Dai hgc Md-Dja chat GS.TS C DREBENSTEDT - Bergakademie Freiberg, CHLB Ddb I.Tong quan Phu'ang phap khoan no dLfO'c sd dyng rOng rai khai thac mo va xdy dung ddn dyng vdi eac mye dich nhu": nd lam tai d l l da dd xuc bde, ni lam dydng, nd san ggt m^l bing, bat dfnh nui, no dao hao, dio h6 mdng, dao cda ham, Trcing thyc Id cdng tac nd tai Vidl Nam, ddc bi$t la bong no xay dyng dan dung, chidu cao ting hay chieu cao khoi dd nd cd Ihd thay ddi tang len hay giam di didu kidn dia hinh hoac ydu edu ky thuat biyc td tgi khu vyc nd Ndu chieu eao tang giam xudng ddn mpt mdc dp nio dd, vide su dung cac Id khoan dirdng kinh nho han se biich hp'p hon vi vide giiip eho vide phan b6 nang lu'O'ng nd ddng ddu han khdi da nd Tuy nhidn, bong hiu hit cdc budng hp'p biu'dng khdng ed dii du'dng kinh l6 khoan dd sd dyng phii hap vdi moi sy thay ddi chidu eao ting tai cac cdng budng Trcing hudng hp'p ndy chidu cao tang giam sd din ddn vigc giam chieu cao cOl thude nd va didu se ldm cho ndng lup'ng thudc nd phdn bd khdng deu hong khdl da nd, nang lup'ng nd khd phd vd dll da d khu vyc dudng can din den ket qua nd xdu Ben canh dd, xu hu'dng su dung cac Id khoan dudng kinh Idn han frong hiue ii eung la nguydn nhan lam cho chidu cao cpt biudc nd ngdn han chidu eao ting giam xudng va cung ddn ddn nguydn nhdn vua neu (H.I) Gil bi dudng can hong nhung hudng hp'p phai duac tinh loan dieu chinh lai dd khac phyc nhifng vin dd dd ndu hdn a) I B, < B!< Bl D, < D2 < DJ i- r HI > H I > Hi H.I.Sif giim chiiu cao cqt thuic tang duimg Mnh id khoan [1] (a) va giim chieu cao tang H nhung giir nguyen gii tii dumg kinh id khoan GANG NGHllP MO Sii 1-2013 ^^_ KHOA HOC VA CONG N G H C MO Xult phat tu yeu clu thyc td nhirng hidu bidt vd vin dd niy cdn ehua rO ring, ndi dung bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy kdt qua nghidn edu sy anh hudng ciia chidu cao ting/ehidu cao cOl thudc n6 ddn gid trj dudng can n6 trdn ting, d$c bidt didu kidn nd ting thip todn thich hp'p vdi cdc ydu c l u ciia cdng tic ni c l hai tidu chuin: thd lich d l phd ldn nhit vd muc dO ddp vfi- thich hp'p se dat dup-c Cdng tie nd thyc nghidm dup'c tiin hdnh nhi sau: ddi vdi mdt gid trj dudng kinh lup-ng thudc nj khdng ddi, mdt logt vy nd cdc l6 dan du^c thyc hidn vdl cdc gid trj dud'ng can khic dl Phu'ang phap nghien cii'u xdc djnh gil trj dudng cdn tdi uu Trong cdc thi Sau nghidn edu tli lidu, cdc vy nd thu nghidm ndy cdc bidn sd kidm soil la chidu cao nghidm vdi ede l6 dan dd vdi dd dup'c ting, chidu cao cdt thudc nd dudng kinh li/gm chgn dd nghidn cuu mdi quan hd giua chidu cao thuoc nd, cac ydu td vd chit nd va edc ydu t6 ve tdng/chidu cao cOt thudc nd vd gid lr| du'dng can khdl dd nd Bidn sd d^c ldp mOt nhdm cicvu nd ciing didu kidn II dudng can, didu kien nd tdng thip Cde vy nd l6 don da dup'c sCe dyng bdi cic Cdc gid trj dudng can dup'c thay ddi bong cic nhd khoa hpc nhu Lagefors vd Kihistrdm [2], Person vy nd thye nghidm cimg mdt nhdm vdi myc iJich [3], Biigin [4] Bilgin vd Pasamehmetoglu [5], xie djnh gil trj dudng can tdi uu Gil trj thd tich 6i Sennyur [6], Rustan vd Nie [7], cdc nghidn phd vd Idn nhdt tuang ung vdi gid trj dudng can cuu thyc nghidm de dieu ehinh hodc phan tich cie ldi uu duyc xdc d|nh mOt cdch gidn tidp thdng qua thdng s6 no v l cdc mye dich khdc Phuang gde phd vd Theo quy ludt chung, sy thay dfii di phip dup'c danh gil eao bdi cac nha khoa hpc tri dudng can giif nguydn chidu cao ting, chiu bdi nd don gian nhung rat hCyu ich vide tim cao cdt thudc nd (cijng khdi luyng thudc ni) vS kldm moi luang quan giii'a cdc thdng sd no H.2 cung didu kidn logi thudc nd si> dyng vl cting trinh bay eac thdng s6 cua mpt vy nd id don trdn didu kidn khdl dd nd din ddn sy thay ddi gdc pta tdng cac thdng s6 nd ddi vdi mpt lo dan Id vd xudt hidn sau nd cdc vy nd Id dan H.3 chidu cao tdng H, dudng can chan tdng 8, chieu cao bidu dien sy thay ddi gdc phd v& nd thyc cpt bua T, chidu cao cpt thudc nd "I", chidu sdu nghidm cdc lo dan trudng hyp cd dinh khoan thdm J va gde phd vd eac gid trj chieu cao cOt thude nd, chieu cao t^ng va cic didu kign ve thudc nd sif dyng v l khfii da tuang ty thay ddi gil trj dudng can Dd nghidn cu-u mdi quan hd giua chidu caod^ thudc vd dudng can mpt Ioat nhdm cac vy nfi duyc thyc hidn nhung vdi gid tn chidu eao tingvd chidu cao cOt thudc nd thay ddi (tang hodc giamV Trinh ty thyc nghidm duyc tidn hinh tuang h;ffi xdc djnh gid trj dudng can tdi uu tuong ung vdi sv thay ddi chidu cao ting va chidu cao cdt thudc ni mdi nhdm Theo cdch ndy, mdi quan hd giOa chidu cao tIng/ehidu eao cdt thudc nd v l dirbrg can duyc nghidn cuu thdng qua mdt Ioat nhdmcSc vy nd thye nghidm l6 don H Sa minh hpa cic thong s6 mpt vu no Id dan trin tang Mpt nhu'ng kdt qua quan trpng da duqvc Chung minh qua cac vy no thyc nghidm Id dan la ddi vdi mpi didu kidn nd nhit djnh, tdn tai mOl gia In dudng can ldi uu BQ tuong ung vdi nd thd tich da phd vd la Idn nhit, chi tieu thudc nd Id nhd nhdt, ngoai ra, mdc dp dap vo- v l cic dieu ki$n nen tang la tdt vd chap nhgn duc^c Chinh vi ly nay, gia tri dudng can tdi uu dup'c lua chpn lam tieu chuin dd khao sdl mdi quan he cua nd thay ddi chidu cao ting/ chidu cao edt thudc nd Nhu v$y, gia trj dudng can tdi uu ndu ap dyng vdo dieu ki$n nd trdn ting Id hodn CONG NGHIEP MO S - H.3 Sl/ thay ddi gii tri gdc phi vd thay d^ gii tri dudng cin giQ- nguyen gia tn difdng kfnh luK/ng thudc nd chiSu cao cdt thuoc n6 \k chidu cao tSng _I3^ KHOA HOC VA CANG NGHE MO Qua phdn tich ket qua cua 62 vy nd duyc thye ' hien tai hai dia didm thyc nghiem Irong d l v6i, eic ; kdt qua Ihye nghiem sau dd xde djnh v l phdn lich ' Tai dia diem Ihu nhit, cdc vy nd l5 dan duyc • thyc hien vdi dudng kinh luyng Ihudc nd 32 mm • lai cdng trinh ddo hd mdng xdy dyng ddy ehuydn '• san xuat mdi tai nhd mdy xi mdng X18 Dja didm thu hai duyc thyc hien lgi md da voi Hoing Mai A Wdi dudng kinh luyng thudc nd 76 mm Bang Irinh bay mot sd ddc tinh ca ly ciia da vdi tgi hai d|a ' didm thyc nghidm O mdi vy nd thyc nghidm, lo ' duyc khoan thing dung tdi chidu sdu thidt ke vd luang thudc nd duyc khdi nd tu ddy Id • bang kip dien hodc kip nd phi didn ket hyp mdi nd (ddi vdi Ihudc nd ANFO) Ddi vdi dudng kinh ' luyng thudc nd 32 mm, thudc nd Amonil AD - duyc nap vdi luyng thudc trdn mOl mdt 0,825 kg/m I edn ddi vdi dudng kinh luyng thude nd 76 mm, I chat nd ANFO duyc ngp vd nhdi bing gdy gd vdi luyng thudc nd tren mdt mdt Id 3,38 kg/m Tiiy thuOc vdo didu kidn thye td, edc Id duyc khoan ridng re hodc khoan cdch mOt khoang cdch thieh hyp de gdc pha vd' va ddng da nd eiia eae vy nd khdng iln vd trdn iSn vdo Ddi vdi mdi vy nd, gde phd vd duyc say da xiic bde hdt d l l dd nd bdn phdu nd vd thong sd ndy sau dd duyc sif dyng kdt hyp vdi chieu cao ting va dudng can dd tinh todn the tich dd phd v& bdi mdi vy nd Id don Od phdn tich kich thudc cd hat phuang phap phan tich qua anh duyc lya chpn Cac buc anh chyp ddng d l duyc chyp vd chpn cdc buc dgi didn di phdn tieh muc dO ddp vd' bdng phin mdm Split-Desktop Gid Irj muc dd ddp vQ trung binh F50 duyc sCf dyng la gia tri dai didn dd danh gia muc dd ddp vd ciia ddng da Bang trinh biy cdc thdng sd cua cdc nhdm vy nd thyc nghidm vdi dudng kinh luyng thudc nd 32 mm v l 76 mm Bang Tinh chat ca ly cua da vdi tai dia diem thi/c nghiim Thong so/Vi tri Cwang 66 khang nen (MPa) Cifang 66 khang keo (MPa) Do CLpng (Mohs scale) GiS tri trung binh T^i cong trinh 6io h6 m6ng (d=32 mm) Tai mo 6i v6i (d=76 mm) 143,07 110 6,19 8,13 3 Bang Chieu cao tang, chieu cao cdt thuoc no va khoi luxyng thuoc no duyc tinh toin lua chon cho cac vu no thi/c nghiem vdi dud'ng kinh luxyng thuoc no 32 mm va 76 mm [8] Series H, m m l/d Q,kg Series H,m 1, m l/d Q,kg X18-1 0,9 0,40 12,50 0,33 X1fr2 1,2 0.58 18,00 0,48 HM-1 0,91 12 3,5 HM-2 1,60 21 6,2 Charge diameter of 32 mm X183 X184 2.0 1,5 1,26 0,79 39,38 24,75 0,04 0,66 Charge diameter of 76 mm Hl*3 Hl*4 2,43 3,42 32 45 9,4 13,2 Kdt qua thi^c nghidm 3.1 Xac djnh gia M duvyng can toi wu Bg Gid tri dudng can tdi uu Bo tuang ung vdi thl tich da pha va Idn nhdt duyc xdc djnh cho mdi nhdm cac vu nd Id don vdi chidu cao ting va chidu cao cpt thudc nd cd djnh Gid tri the tich d l pha vd duyc xac djnh gidn tidp thong qua vide goe pha va, chidu cao ting va dudng^ can H.4 trinh bdy mdt vi dy phdn tich hdi quy dd xdc djnh gid trj dudng can tdi uu cho nhdm cac lo sd xia5 2,5 1,80 56,25 1,49 X18« 2,8 2.20 68,75 1,82 HM5 4,71 62 18,2 Hl*6 10 8,74 115 33,7 hidu X18-2 vdi dudng kinh luyng thudc nd 32 mm vd chidu cao ting 1,2 m cac gid trj dudng can tdi uu Bo duyc xdc djnh cho cdc nhdm cac vy nd vdi chidu cao ting, chidu cao epl thudc khdc duyc trinh bay Bang 3.2 Phan tich ket qua thiK nghifm Nhu da phan tich d tren, chidu cao ting H vd dudng kinh luyng thudc nd d la cdc thong sd anh hudng den sy keo ddi cua luyng thudc nd trdn ting Vdi chidu cao ting khdng doi, vide sir dyng C N G N G H | £ P MO S - I[^^ KHOAHQCVACONGNGHIMO cic dudng kinh luyng thudc nd Id'n han d i n ddn vide giam gid trj chidu cao cOt thudc nd vd Ilm ldng muc dd khd phi vd dd d phia dudng cdn Dya vdo mdi quan hd v l cdc kdt q u i n6 thyc nghidm, c6 thd thiy dudng cdn tdi uu BQH mOt hdm sd cua chidu cao ting vd dudng kinh luyng thudc nd du6i dang: Bo=f(H/d) (1) Sdng Kit qui thijc nghidm nd cic vij nd Id dan Diifrng kinh lu'ang thu6c d, mm Chi^u cao tdng H, m 0,9 1.2 1.5 2,0 2.5 2.8 10 32 mm 76 mm Chilu cao cot thu6c / m 0.40 0.58 0,79 1.26 1.80 2.20 0.91 1.60 2.43 3.42 4,71 8.74 Du'&ng c5n t6i u'u B„, m 0,90 1,15 1.17 1.34 1.37 1.31 1.90 2,25 2,32 2.54 2.39 2,51 Chi tiSu thudc ni q, kq/m' 0.35 0.27 0,29 0,22 0,22 0,23 0,30 0,27 0,28 0,21 0,25 0,25 Th6 tich da pha vo; m' -9.05B'+23.42XB'- 17.92X B + 5.45 R*= 0.93 , ' - Duong cin (m) ^ „, I H.4 Mdi quan hi giira the tich di phi vd vi dirdng can nhdm cic Id sd hiiu X18-2 vdi chiiu cao tang H=1.2 m Bm 1,40 lp5 • 1-25 V^•''• I.lii 1,05 R2=0,949 055 OS hjd H.S I^Si quan h$ giira du^ng cin tii wu Bo vi ty so H/d ddi vai cic vq ni thi/c nghidm v&i duong kinh luong thuic ni 32 mm CANG NGHIEP MO S - H.6 Mii quan hS giira duimg cin tii uuBovaty si H/d dii vdi cic vq ni thvc nghidm vdi duimg kinh luvng thuic ni 76 mm PhSn tich h6i quy c^c k i t qua thg'c nghidm cho thdy mOt m6i tu-ong quan rdt t6t giO'a cSc th6ng s6 nSy Hinh vS trinh b4y cSc kit qua phSn tich h6i quy giOa du'dng can t6i yu Bo v4 ty s6 H/d tu'ang u'ng vdi Ccic vy n6 vol lo dirdng kinh 32 mm v4 76 mm PhSn tIch cSc kit qua tr6n bilu d i hinh H.5 hinh H.6 vi cSc kit qua tinh toin cho thiy gIS In dudng can tli u-u it thay dli ty s6 giOa chieu cao ting vi du'dng kinh lu'O'ng thulc n6 H/d liin hon 60 Vdi cSc giS trj ty s6 H/d nho hon 60 giS tri du'dng can tli u'u tang ho$c giam ro rang vdi sv thay dli chilu cao ting, chiiu cao c|t thulc no 4, K i t lu$n vi kiln ngh| Qua kit qua nghlSn ciju cho thiy gii trj difdng can tli liU thay dli ty s l gii/a chilu cao ting \^ KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHE MO dud'ng kinh luyng thudc nd H/d nho han 60 Didu ndy CO y nghTa quan trpng giup eac ky su thidt kd nd phan loai va tinh toan dieu chtnh giam gid tn dud'ng can nd dieu kidn ldng thdp, Kdl qua nghien euu cung chi rdng, khdng phai chidu cao tdng chinh n6 tgo nen khdi nidm no tdng thdp ma phai xet phan loai cdc vy nd ldng thdp trdn ca sa mdi quan he cua no vd'i dud'ng kinh luyng thude nd.n TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Hustrulid, W., Blasting Principles for Open Pit Mining: Theoretical Foundations Vol 1999: Taylor & Francis, Inc Langefors U and B Kihlstrbm, The modern technique of rock blasting, ed 1963, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc 405 Persson, P.A., A Ladegaard-Pedersen, and B Kihislrdm, The influence of borehole diameter on the rock blasting capacity of an extended explosive charge International joumal of rock mechanics and mining sciences & geomechanics, 1968 6(3): p 277-284 Bilgin, A., Single hole test blasting at an open pit mine in full scale: A case study International journal of ivlining, Reclamation and Environment, 1991 5(4): p 191-194 Bilgin, H.A and A.G Pasamehmetoglu, Optimum burden determination and fragmentation evaluation by full scale slab blasting Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, 1993.4: p 337-344 Senyur, G., A statistical analysis of fragmentation after single hole bench blasting Rock IVleehanics and Rock Engineering, 1998 31(3): p 181-196 Rustan, A and S.L Nie, New method lo test the rock breaking properties of explosives in full scale 2nd International Symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting, Keystone, Colorado, 1987: p 36^7 Pham, V.H., Research on the determination of suitable blasting parameters using for low bench blasting in the condition of Vietnam, in Faculty of Geosciences, Geoengineering and Ivlining 2011, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg: Freiberg, p 212 Nguvyi bien t$p: Ho Si Giao Low bench blasting appears more often in the surface mines and in civil engineering in Vietnam such as: road construction, trench blasting, tunnel head blasting, foundation digging, in hard rock The paper presents the research results on the Influence of bench height to the values of burden when blasting in the conditions of low benches Analyzing the experimental results showed that: the blasts with the ratio of ben,ch height to charge diameter which is smaller than 60 need to be recalculated and adjusted the value of burden to ensure better breaking capacity in such blasting conditions This result will be the scientific basic for blasting engineers to classify and adjust the blast design in low benches GIAI PHAP PHOI HOP (Tiep theo trang 25} nhan phSn xiidng cung nhu' san lu'png ySu c l u c i n hoSn thanh.• TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Le Tiin DDng 2010 Luan van Thac sT ky thu^t Dai hoc Mo-Dia chit Tcip doan Clng nghidp Than-Khoang san Viet Nam, 2012 Phuong ^n c i t ngin 16 chg' co gidi hda 11-8-2 khu Gilng Vang Danh, Clng ty C6 phin than Vang Danh After the period of years applying the technology of mechanization at face 11-8!, the result has proved modest in comparison with the pre-plan The objective and subjective reasons were identified and repaired From the earlier of year 2012, a new solution was' introduced to solve the lack of equypment which is replaced and repaired as well as to maintain the normal productivity by shortening the length of long wall and usage of new support ZH1600/16/24Z Ngudi bi§n tap: Vo Trqng Hiing CONG NGHIEP MO S A - ... trj dudng cdn tdi uu Trong cdc thi Sau nghidn edu tli lidu, cdc vy nd thu nghidm ndy cdc bidn sd kidm soil la chidu cao nghidm vdi ede l6 dan dd vdi dd dup''c ting, chidu cao cdt thudc nd dudng... xudt hidn sau nd cdc vy nd Id dan H.3 chidu cao tdng H, dudng can chan tdng 8, chieu cao bidu dien sy thay ddi gdc phd v& nd thyc cpt bua T, chidu cao cpt thudc nd "I", chidu sdu nghidm cdc lo... eac gid trj chieu cao cOt thude nd, chieu cao t^ng va cic didu kign ve thudc nd sif dyng v l khfii da tuang ty thay ddi gil trj dudng can Dd nghidn cu-u mdi quan hd giua chidu caod^ thudc vd dudng