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Cym toa nha irong thanh pho onh Baden Wurltemberg, Due rich hap pin nang lipgng mat tro i TRONG THIET KE KIEN TRUC S KTS Le CHI^N T H A N G ''''ho Vi§n truing ViSn Kien TrOc Nhiet Dai Tnp&ng DH Ki4n TrOc[.]
Cym toa nha irong o n h Baden-Wurltemberg, Due rich hap pin nang lipgng mat tro-i TRONG THIET KE KIEN TRUC S.KTS Le CHI^N T H A N G 'ho Vi§n truing - ViSn Kien TrOc Nhiet Dai - Tnp&ng DH Ki4n TrOc Ha Ndi "N4U the l 25Wp d i n 200Wp vd cd tuoi thp trung binh khoang 25-30 ndm Cd nhieu h^ thong pin nang lapng - Loqii cd khd nang eung d p di#n khdng ed hp dc quy lyu try chl dCing ed nang lypng mgit trdi - Lo^i cd khd nang eung d p difn vdi h# ae quy lu'u tru d l dung khdng du nang lupng mgt trdi - Lo^i cd t h i hda ludi dien quie gia, cung d p di^n l&n ludi nhy mdy phdt di^n - Lo?i ho^t dpng dpc Idp nhy h§ thdng di§n dy phdng Pin nang lupng mat trdi cdn ed nhdng uu dilm khdc khiln nd trd ndn "sgeh" - dd Id: khdng gdy tdc hgi tdi mdi tn^dng, khdng xa chat thai nguy hilm, khdng gdy nhilm ngudn node va khdng Vgt lipu che tgp pin ndng lupng mgt trdi eung phd biln, dd Id ehat silicon von rat sSn cdt biln U'u vd nhipvc diem cua h$ thong pin ndng lu'p'ng: He thing pin ndng lugng tich hpp tda nhd vd ed kit noi vdi h# thdng di^n lu'di cd nhang u'u dilm sau: - Chi phi cua pin ndng lugng trfen mdi hoge tudng se biJ dap 1^1 chl phi cCia nhdng thdnh phIn edng trinh ma chung thay t h i - Nang luang dupe tao tgi ch6 va lam giam ehi phi ;hodien ladi - Khi ket noi vdi di§n lydi, gia thdnh se giam trdnh vi#c ich di#n cua h§ thdng dpc lap va dam bdo viee cung d p iien tdt han - Khdng d n them dat eho viec lap dat Nhu-ac dilm chinh cua pin nang lyp'ng hien ndm d jia thdnh cao vd gid dien san xult ty hp thdng Idn han 3ia di#n lu'di Do day Id edng nghp tidn tien nen chya t h i dp Jung d nhdng khu vuc cd thu nhdp thap vd dan tri chua cao Cong suat eiJa pin nang lypng phy thudc vdo nhdng ylu :d sau day: So 66 h§ th6ng si> dyng pjn nang lirong Inang nhS fr thSp ting (ngu6n: internet) Tich hpp pir nang lupng TapchiKlCHmOe 21 Mgl nil nha hay mai cua bai xem a khong SLF dung nang Iv/ong OT la mpt SU' lang phi Nguon ™ : unyourenergy com - Su thay ddi hang ngdy, len quan tdi vdng quay trai dat va mua (lien quan tdi hudng ciJa tryc trdi dat vd ehuyin dpng cua trai dat quanh mat trdi) -Vi tri khu dat, vi dy nhubdc xa mat trai tai dd - Dp nghieng cua thilt bj -Gde phyang vi - Bdng dd -Nhiet dp Cae van de lau y thiet ke pin nang liFO'ng tich hap edng trinh: Pin nang lu'ong tao tiem nang Idn nhung ddi hoi phai cd tinh toan tu ban dlu, nd ehiu anh hudng bdi hudng, hinh khdi vd td chdc mat bdng cua edng trinh Nd eung se 22 Topchi KIEHTHUC tdc dpng tdi ea d u eua edng trinh va la yeu td quan trpiK mdi lien hd giu'a h^ thdng edng trinh va mdi tru'dng.Ke; hpp pin ndng lupng vdi cac phan kien true khac la diet quan trpng va duong nhien, ludn phai chu y tdi hinh d ^ va tham my ciJa chung Hi$n pm ndng lupng vdn la tn^i cong nghp ddt tien nen vide su- dyng chung mdt each liif^ qua la dieu quan trpng (ed the so sdnh vdi viec sd dung Wn^ nhdng the ky trudc) Vi0c sd di,jng pm nang lu-png nen la mdt phdn chien W nang lupng tdng the eiJa edng Irinh, Mdi du an cdn duactln^ loan tdi cac dien tich pm nang laang can Ihidt theoftl dich sd dyng, Sy van hanh cua pin nang lu'ong chiu sirt*ddng eua nhilu yeu td dd quan trpng nhat la vi tri i * dyng hadng vd hinh khdi cua edng trinh, Khi xac dinh vit' xay dyng, can thiet ke de cd cang nhieu bdc xa mat Irdi va su dong nhat ciia bdc xa; vi tri cang vd phia Bac thi se edng it nang lupng m$t trd'i han; hinh thd ciJa khu dat va chl gid (dl tao chien lu'pc thdng gio cho cong trinh); Vi tri edng irinh can dupe xac dinh de khdng bj che chan bdng mat SG tao nhung tac dpng bat Ipi; bdng ciJa cac vat dung nhu col ang ten, ong khdi, cay, cdc tda nha khac cung nen han che, neu khdng the trdnh dupe, can lya chpn cac phan vd kilu dang cua cae vdt kiln true dd de lam giam thieu tac ddng xau, Hudng rat quan trpng nhung cung cd sy linh hoat thiet ke, ly tudng nhat la hudng n&m khoang 20" Nam cho phep thu dupe hon 95% nang lu'png khoang gdc dd, khoang 30'' Nam, hieu qua giam di chut it M:^# Cac loai edng trinh: Hien gia dien tu pin nang lu'png ddt hon gia dien ludi, viec sd dung dien Igi edng trinh se kmh t l han !a xuat didn td pm nang lu'png ngu'pc iai ludi dien Cd nhieu loai edng trinh dng dyng pin nang lupng, van phong CO ve tiem nang nhat nhu cau sd dung dien quanh nam va anyosolarark dupe tich hop Tapchi'HIEHTRUC 23 cap nhat Id 9h sdng - 5h chilu Do dd rIt phu hpp vdi nhu d u va ngudn cung ciJa pin ndng lupng Nhd d thi 1^1 cd xu hu'dng su' dyng ndng lu'png nhilu vdo biiAi ill Crtc edng tnnh edng nghiep vd thuang mai vdi difin tich nidi idn cung dang chij y Idi pin nAng luang linh khoang 500 KW di^n diroc •3 tren mil cua cae toa nhi ird Nguon roselawgmup coni Thiet ke lich hpp pin riiiiiy krpny v.io tong tnnh Cac KIS tren Ihi'i giai dii nghien ciru viOf tich hpp pin nang lupng vdo thilt ke ludn chung thdnh nhO'ng Ihdnh phIn kiln true, gdp phdn tao ndn sy ddc ddc cua cdc edng trinh Cdc h§ thdng pm ndng lupng tieh hpp Ida nhd ddng vai ird nhu tudng vd mdt, dd, KTS phdi gidi quylt mpi vIn d l ve kilu ddng bdo v^ cdc Ihdnh phdn nhd dudi tdc dpng eua dieu ki^n hdu, dp lye gid tuli thp vdt liOu an todn vd gid thdnh Ngodi ra, cdn cd cdc y l u td khdc lidn quan tdi khd nang sd dyng dien dupe sdn xudi nhu bdng ctJa tda nhd anh hudng Idi hi^u ndng ciJa pm, Ihdng gid (do nhi^t dd cao trdn hd thing pin, d n ed Ihdng gid sau) cung d p cac luyin tiep cgn cho dau ndi ddy ddn vd bao dudng Cd hai gidi phdp ea bdn tich hap pm nanq luang edng Irinh a Tich hap vdo mdi b Tich hpp vdo tudng vd cdc l l m chdn ndng Ngodi cdn cd cdc gidi phdp ddc IdP n*i^ ede h$•ng vt pin ndng lupng trdn ede he khung ir^n mdi va tren idi cdc kiln IriJc nhd khdc cue h6 th6ng Ir6n m^i Mdi cd nhilu Ipi dilm cho vioc ldp d$l cac he thing (ii ndng lu'png nha 4id - Khdng bj che chdn ddc bi|t edng trinh cao hode edng Irinh edng edng Idn - DO ddc mdi d l chpn phij hpp vdi vide vdn hdnh khdng b| che chdn vd khdng dnh hudng Idn tdi thim edng Irinh - Tich hpp vdo mdi d l hon lich hap vdo ludng cd vimjl thim my vd hidu ndng Tuy nhidn, d n phdi luu y Idi vipc thdng gid cho h$ pin, can cd khung phy gdn vao mdi dd each lam pin mdi khoang lu 100mm de cd the thdng gio va tan nhi$t' Lupng Pin mat troi tren toa nha Somerset Franklin Township len den 92' cho ban than he thdng, Ndi chung thdng gid cho mai khong phdc tap nhu cho tudng Nhieu he thdng pin vdi phu Idn tren mai giup cai thien ehl nhiet eho cong trinh, dac biet d mhu'ng edng trinh cd dien tich mai Idn, Cac he thdng tren tudng: I Lap dat pin nang luang tren tudng cd uu diem dang ke: Cac lam pin cd the dupe sd dung nhu cdc tarn kinh lap dat itrue tiep len tudng hoac ede vach dyng (curtain wall) Chung eung cd the daac lap dat nhu cae lam chan nang ngang, dpc hoac tham chi tru'c tiep ngoai cda sd hoae tren cac gilng trdi hieu qua xuyen sang thap cua cae tam pin Cac tdm pin cung c6 the duoc l§p dat cdc tam chan nang cd dmh hoac di dgng nang lupng truyin thdng, dap dng nhu cau cua cac vimg dan cu la mpt chinh sach cd y nghTa quan ve mat kmh te, an ninh quoc phdng Tuy nhien, viec dng dung nang lupng mat trdi d Viet Nam cho den chua phat trien, nhd le, mdi chi khoang chuc nam trd lai day va chi ddng lai d' mpt so dng dyng nhu' dun nu'dc nong hay tich dien chieu sang ngoai trdi Sd dung pin ndng tu'O'ng d Viet Nam: Viet Nam la nude nhiet ddi ndng am ndm giai phan bd anh ndng mat trdi nhieu nhat iren the gidi Vdi dia hinh nhieu ddi nui va hai dao, Viel Nam cung c6 nhidu khu vice ddn cw ndm phan lan Vi vay su dung nang lupng mat trdi nhu mdt ngudn nang lupng tai ehd de thay the cho eae dang Trong viec xd ly mat ddng cong trinh thich dng vdi dieu kipn thdi tiet vimg han ddi cd gang thu cang nhieu nhiet cang tdt thi giai phap chdn nang giam bdc xa nhiet true tiep len Idp v6 cong Irinh la diem mau chdt kien true vung nhiet ddi Chinh vi vay, cac giai phap sd dyng pin nang luong mat trdi mang nhieu ehu'c nang rat phu hap vdi Viet Nam, ~i Trong kiln true, pin nang lupng dupe tich hap edng trinh chu ylu la dang tam ndm tren mai ddc ciia cac biet thy hay dang dng nude tich hpp te bao quang nhiet ben ndm tren mai phdng ciia edng trinh Pin nang luang mat trdi chu'a duo'c dng dung mdt each hpp ly cac edng trinh cao tang cd quy md Idn Vi vay viec sd dung pin nang luang nhu la mpt phdn kien true se la dilu ma cac KTS phai suy nghl, tiep can thiet ke edng trinh tuong lai Tai lieu tham kh^o: Sue Roaf, David Cnditon va Feigus N'icd Adapting Buildings and Gibes tor Climate Change - A 21th Century Survival Guide NXB Elsevier, Oxford, 2005 Terry Galloway Solar house- A Guide for the Solar Designer NXB Elsevier, Oxford, 2004 Robert Hasbngs vd Maria Wall Sustainable Solar Housing NXB Cromwell, Tnwtxidge 2007 Tapchil 25 ... lan Vi vay su dung nang lupng mat trdi nhu mdt ngudn nang lupng tai ehd de thay the cho eae dang Trong viec xd ly mat ddng cong trinh thich dng vdi dieu kipn thdi tiet vimg han ddi cd gang thu... cac giai phap sd dyng pin nang luong mat trdi mang nhieu ehu''c nang rat phu hap vdi Viet Nam, ~i Trong kiln true, pin nang lupng dupe tich hap edng trinh chu ylu la dang tam ndm tren mai ddc ciia