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Nghien cufu hoan thien quy trinh che tao modul va giai phap nang cao hieu qua he thdng dien mat tr6i Si Dmmg Ngpc Huyk'''''''', Nguyin Thuy Linh''''^, Nguyin Trong Tung'''' Le Van Truyin'''', Nguyin Trudng Minh'''' ''''Tr[.]
Nghien cufu hoan thien quy trinh che tao modul va giai phap nang cao hieu qua he thdng dien mat tr6i Si Dmmg Ngpc Huyk'', Nguyin Thuy Linh'^, Nguyin Trong Tung' Le Van Truyin', Nguyin Trudng Minh' 'Trudng Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha N6i ^TrUdng Dai hoc Pham Van DSng 'Vi$n Nghien ciAi Chien laac, Chinh sach Cong nghiep, Bo Cong thuang Ngay nhin bai 9.3.2015, chuyen phan bien 16.3.2015, nhan phan bien 20 4.2015, chap nhan dSng 24.4.2015 Che d9 gia nhiet d nhiet cao cd thi nit ngan duoc thM gian liru hoa keo ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), mis kha nang che tao hieu qua va giam gia modul pin mat troi Si duofi 1,0 USDAVp Gia di|n nang thap nhat truung h ^ he pin mat trM ndi lirol c6 thi dirtM 0,15 USD/kWh o" dieu ki^n chieu sang trung binh, do co the canh tranh dirtfc vol dien luol Doi vdi he dien mat trM dgc lap, hifu suat chuyin doi phu thuoc vao b6 phan tich tru nang luong Kit n6i hffp ly qua trinh chuydn doi trung gian theo che dd phu tai rieng biet da n§ng cao hieu suat, dua gia dien nang cua hf dien m^t trM doc l^p nho tiep can vdi gia dien mat troi noi liroi Tu khoa: EVA, he thong dien mat trdi, modul pin mat trdi Chi so phan loai 2.2 Dat van de STUDY ON IMPROVEMENT OF SOLAR MODULE MAKING PROCEDURE AND EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT OF OFF-GRID SOLAR POWER SYSTEM Summary The decrease in the curing time of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as a result of thermal treatment at high temperature effectively enables solar module production and reduces the module cost below 1.0 USD/Wp As consequence, the possible minimum electricity cost in the case of the grid-tie solar system with medium illumination could be below 0.15 USD/ kWh, which is comparable to that of normal grid \ i [ \ \ Mpt he thong bien doi nang lucmg mat troi vua phai dam bao thu duac nang lucmg t6i da tii pin mat troi, vira dam bao dieu ld?n hoa dong bg he thong voi luai dien dien ap luoi ciing nhu tai thay doi Ben canh do, gia dien mat trdi hien vln cao nen viec nang cao hieu suat phat dien cua he thong dien mat trai tra mpt van de dupc quan tam hang dau Ve ung dung thuc te, m6t he thong dien mat troi CO ban gom cac phan chinh sau (hinh 1): mang nguon gom cac modul pin mat troi; mang ket noi he thong bao gom cac bp phan dien With respect to off-grid solar system, the overall efficiency is mainly relied to the storage stage A programmed bypass conection set up in a small offgrid solar system based on specific load has improved the efficiency, brought the electricity cost of the small off-grid system closer to that of the grid-tie system Keyword: EVA, solar module, solar power system Classification number 2.2 mm *Tacgia chfnh: Tel: 0912153128; Email: huyen.duongngoc@hust.edu.v feTIIIIStVietL''"'"-^°'= V26 MANG K f T Hdi HE THdNG ' B-' kh-' nap dien Tai DC IT MAHG HGUfiN ^^^^ - " % \ Hinh ] - mo hinh ca bdn cua mpi he thdng di^n mpt I tli lien quan den dilu khiln nap, rale dong ng4t, bp bien d6i dien va bp phan tich trii (acquy); mang phu tai Dua tren cac ca sa lap luan neu tren, nhom nghien cuu da de xuat va dugc giao thuc hien de tai cSp nha nuoc ma s6 KC05.07/11-15: "Nghien cuu, thilt k l va che tao he thong chieu sang thong minh, tilt kiem nang lugng su dung diot phat quang (LED) va nguon cdp dien pin mat trai" vai muc dich nang cao hieu qua va cai thien boat dpng ciia mang neu tren Noi dung nghien cuii Doi vdi quy trinh che tao modul pin mat trM Pin mat troi la nhiing thiet bj biln ddi true tilp nang lugng anh sang dien nang dugc che tao tu vat lieu ban din c6 vung cam hep [trong khoang 1,0-2,0 eV nhu Si, CdTe, GaAs, CZSS (Cu/Zn/Sn/S), CIS (Cu/ In/S), CIGS (Cu/ln/Ga/S), CSS (Cu/Sn/S) hay huu ca/polyme ban din (CPs) ] [1] Theo dac dilm vat lieu va phuang phap che tao, pin mat trai c6 the dugc phan loai theo cong nghe Si tinh the va mang mong; d6, pin mat uai Si tinh the dang phd biln nhSt tren thi trudmg hien (chiem khoang 90%) [2-5] l/u thi cua pin mat troi Si la co the tri mot thai gian dai su san c6 cua vat hen va su hoan thien cua phuang phap che tao, gia cdng tinh the Si thua hudng tir cdng nghe dien tir Tim dieu kien ep gia nhiet thich hgp cho EVA (vat lieu ket ndi cac phan cua modul) la thdng so ca ban de hgp ly hoa quy trinh che tao, nang cao chat lugng modul Trong nghien cuu nay, phuang phap phan tich nhiet vi sai DSC va phuang phap hda tan dung mdi dugc sir dung de tim che dp gia nhiet phu hgp cho tung loai EVA chuyen dung cho viec che tao modul pin mat trdi Gidi phdp ndng cao hieu qud cua he thong dien mat trdti Tren ca sd phan tich dac diem ciia cac bp phan ca ban he thdng dien mat trai, de tai da de muc tieu tich hgp he thdng chieu sang modul den LED va pin mat trdi mgt each linh boat theo phuang thuc hoat ddng ddc lap hoac ndi lucri du phdng Thiet bi thi nghiem gdm cac he han dien co dieu khien nhiet do, may ep chan khdng gia rUiiet, thiet bi phan tich nhiet vi sai Ket qua va thao luan Sau tien hanh nghien cuu, thuc nghiem va ling dung cac van de nghien cuu neu tren viec lap dat mpt be thdng dien mat trdi thuc te, chung tdi dua ISSS!»SiVietNam^'"'"-^°^= mdt sd ket qua sau: Boi vci quy trinh che tao modul pin mat troi Trong quy trinh che tao modul pin mat trdi bing phuang phap gia nhiet, cac phien pin mat trdi Si dugc kep giira cac tam EVA, sau dugc gia nhiet va ep mdi tnidng chan khdng Dudi tac dung cua nhiet, vat lieu EVA se nong chay va ket ndi mach tao keo Tuy theo che dp gia nhiet, ty le keo EVA (dp luu hda) thay ddi nhu hinh Ngoai ra, cac phan phu gia dugc bd sung ket hgp vdi keo EVA se lam tang tinh chat CO ly va kha nang chiu dung cua EVA •-130 • - 140 * - 150 -•^- 160 10 20 30 Thcrl gian [phut] Hinh dp luu hda xac dpih iheo phuang phdp hda lan Hinh cho thay, gia nhiet d nhiet dp cao han 130°C, su ket ndi mach xay va qua trinh tao keo (luu hda) bat dau xay vat lieu EVA Do luu hda phu thudc vao thdi gian va nhiet dp, nhiet cang cao thi dp luu hda xay cang nhanh Tuy nhien, dp chay Idng ciia EVA ciing tang theo, lam giam chat lugng ciia modul Ket qua xac dinh ty le gel EVA bang phuang phap hda tan dung mdi dugc so sanh vdi nhiet chuyen pha xac dinh bang phucmg phap phan tich nhiet DSC cho biet dieu kien thich hgp de che tao modul pin mat trdi tuang ung vdi nhiet 140-150°C va thdi gian khoang 15-30 phut Vdi dieu kien gia nhiet nhu vay, dp luu hda cua EVA dugc xac dinh khoang 60-85% Trong khudn khd cua de tai KC05.07/11-15, cac modul pin mat trdi dugc che tao thir nghiem vdi cac che dp gia nhiet 140°C (30 phut) va 150°C (15 phiit) deu dam bao tieu chuan ky thuat va da dugc kiem nghiem thuc te Nhu vay, viec lua chon che dp gia nhiet phu hgp cd the nit ngan dugc thdi gian che tao modul 20-30% va cho phep chu ddng thay ddi quy trinh mgt each hgp ly Dua vao ket qua dat dugc, nhom nghien ciiu djmg phdi hgp cung Cdng ty Cd ph§n ESOL Viet Nam dl xuit du an hoan thien day chuyen chl tao modul pin matfi-dicdng sudt 60 MW nhim cung cap cho nhu clu nudc va xuat khau Gidi phdp ndng cao hieu qud eda he thong dien mat troi De danh gia hieu qua ciia he thdng dien mat trdi mdt each toan dien, can cd su danh gia tren ca hai phuang dien ky thuat va kinh te Tren phuang dien nang lugng, tu md hinh co ban cua he thong dien mat trdi ta cd the nhan thay cac bp phan cua mang ket ndi he thdng lien quan den cac qua trinh bien doi nang lugng (quang dien, dien hda, DCDC va DC-AC) dd dien nang nhan dugc tii modul pm mat trdi se giam dan sau mdi qua trinh chuyen ddi Sd qua trinh chuyen ddi cang nhieu thi hieu suat sii dung ciia he giam cang ldn Nhu vay, de tang hieu qua sir dung dien ciia he thdng can giam tdi da cac qua trinh trung gian Tren co sd tinh toan hieu suat chuyen ddi cua he thdng, each tiep can cua de tai la dieu chinh linh boat che dp ket ndi theo dieu kien phu tai vdi cac giai phap sau: - Bien ddi dien mat trdi dien xoay chieu true tiep hda ludi - Chon phu tai su dung dien mot chieu true tiep nhu den LED khdng qua bd inverter trung gian - Chpn phu tai hoat ddng ban nhu cdng sd, trudng hoc de sit dung dien mat trdi mdt each true tiep qua inverter ma khdng can bp tich tru icquy nham giam qua trinh bien ddi dien hda - Ket hop dien mat trdi ddc lap va ndi ludi du phdng nham bd sung dien nang cho phu tai de giam dien nang tich trir bang qua trinh bien ddi dien hda - Sir diing linh boat cac bd inverter DC/AC cd cai dat che dp dieu khien nap va dieu chinh ddng/ngSt theo bd tich trii va phy tai I(fiW) Trongdd: CF P^^=Z-^^^.y CF = Y.^F,^YJ/nam) Tir cdng thuc (1) ta nhan thay, neu mdt cac chi phi tren giam se keo theo gia dien nang giam Ap dung thir nghiem cho he thdng dien mat udi theo cac hinh thiic boat ddng khac (dpc lap, ddc lap co noi ludi du phdng, true tilp ndi ludi) vdi cac sd lieu da khao sat kit hgp vdi cac bien phap dugc de xuat d h-en cho cac ket qua tinh toan nhu sau: Ddi vdi he ndi ludi true tiep (grid-tie), khdng can cac bp phan trung gian (bp bien ddi, bp dieu khien nap va bp tich triJ) hieu suat su dung nang lugng la cue dai (-100%) Tdng dau tu tinh theo cdng thiic (1) khoang 2,0 USD/Wp, chi phi hang nam (tinh theo khau hao thiet bi hang nam [7]) thi gia dien nang dudi 0,1 USD/kWh (~ 0,04 USD/kWh) dieu kien chilu sang udc lugng 1600 h/nam d miln Bac Trong dieu kien chieu sang 2000 h/nam d mien Nam thi gia cd the thap hem Tuy nhien, he ndi ludi true tiep lai khdng boat dpng dugc khdng cd dien ludi hay khdng cd ngudn biic xa (chang han vao ban dem) Doi vdi he pin mat trdi hoat ddng ddc lap (off-grid), neu tich hpp day dii cac bd bien doi, bp dieu khien nap va bd tich trii thi hieu suat sir dung nang lugng la cue tieu (-60%) Gia dien nang eua he ddc lap do tang len khoang 0,08 USD/kWh (do phin diu hr tang len -4,0 USD/Wp dien nang giam 40%) Nhu vay, gia dien nang phu thudc rat nhieu vao hieu qua cua mang ket ndi he thong, chu yeu la bd tich trii nang lugng Xet ve phuang dien kinh te, gia dien nang la Tli CO sd phan tich tren day, giai phap ma nhdm yeu to CO ban de danh gia tinh hieu qua ciia he thdng nghien ciru dl xuit va thuc hien la giam tdi da qua trinh Mgt each tong quan, gia dien nang dugc tmh theo chuyen ddi trung gian dua Uen each tilp can: 1) lira gia dau tu, gia nhien lieu, van hanh va sira chira, bao chpn phu tai thich hgp, ddng thdi dieu chinh linh boat duong tinh cho mgt chu ky boat ddng cua thilt hi [6]: che dp kit ndi nhim muc dich sii dung tdi da nguon ^ N G H i V i e t Hlam' dien tir he pin mat trdi va 2) dam bao dp tin cay cua he thdng Giai phap hudng den he thdng vdi cac tieu chi sau: Lua chon phu tdi thich hop: phu tai bao gdm den chilu sang va tai su dung dien 220 VAC Phy tai la den chieu sang sir dung den LED dl tang tdi da hieu suit sii dung dien mat troi Phu tai sir dung dien 220 VAC cin tich hgp them thiet bi inverter de chuyen ngudn DC ciia pin ngudn sin chuan 220 VAC Vi ly hieu suat, phu tai chieu sang dugc uu tien hon Ddm bdo he thong hoat dong duac moi dieu kien: sii dung ngudn du phdng la dien ludi, he pin mat trdi khdng cung cap du cdng suat hoat ddng cho tai thi he thdng tu ddng chuyen mach tai ve ludi dien Su dving dcquy de tich chii ndng luong du thira: ddi vdi cac he thdng yeu cau bat budc phai cd nguon du phdng mat dien ludi, he thdng can tich hgp them thiet bi nap acquy Ddi vdi he thdng hudng den tieu chi khai thac dien mat trdi, acquy dugc sir dung de tich trii nang lugng du thiia khdng diing bet va dd cd the khdng can thiet bi nap Gidm sdt cong sudt cue dai co the cung cdp bai he pin mgt troi: cdng suat ciia pin thay ddi theo dieu kien chieu sang De khai thac nang lugng mat trdi tdi uu, cdng suat can dugc theo thdi gian thuc (thdng qua cudng dp biic xa mat trdi bang cam bien quang dat cung vi tri lap dat pin) va dugc phan phdi tdi cac phu tai bang bd chuyen doi tu ddng dugc lap trinh mdt each tdi uu nhat: cdng suat cho phu tai chieu sang LED sii dung true tiep ngudn DC tir pin; cdng suat cho phu tai diing dien 220 VAC, sir dung qua inverter; va cdng suat dl nap icquy Trong trudng hpp cdng suat dien tir pin mat trdi khdng dung hit, nang lugng du thiia se dugc nap vao acquy de su dung sau Bd chuyin ddi tu dpng dugc lap trinh linh boat theo nguyen tic sau: giam sat cdng suat cue dai P^ ciia pin qua cam biln cudng dp sang lip dat ciing vi tri vdi he pin Trong trudng hgp cdng suat P^ dii dap ling phu tai, ddng dien DC tir pin dugc ndi tit tdi phu tai LED, phu tai 220 VAC dugc ndi qua inverter, cdng suat du dugc nap cho icquy Trong trudng hgp cdng suat P^ nhd ban cdng suit tieu Uiu ciia phu tai LED, phu tai 220 VAC, phin cdng suit thilu hut cd the bii bdi acquy, neu acquy khdng dii dap ling thi phu tai dugc ndi tdi dien ludi, cdn cdng suat dien mat trdi dugc nap cho acquy ISISG NGHE Viet Hlam' -r*m mn m9 ^ Ngu&n d^x