Hd Anh Tudn vd Dtg Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 107(07); 149 153 KHAO SAT ANH H l / d N G CUA 6 NHIEM MOI TRlTcnNG DEN SlTC KHOE NGl/Ofl LAO DONG TAI CAC C O S6 SAN XUAT GACH THU CONG TREN DIA BAN THI[.]
Hd Anh Tudn vd Dtg Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 107(07); 149-153 KHAO SAT ANH H l / d N G CUA NHIEM MOI TRlTcnNG DEN SlTC K H O E NGl/Ofl L A O D O N G TAI CAC C O S6 SAN XUAT GACH THU CONG TREN DIA BAN T H I TRAN VJ XUYEN, H U Y f N VI XUYEN, HA GIANG H^ Anh TuSn'', D^ng Thj H^ng Phmy^g^ Hd Thj Nghf^ 'Dgi hpc Thdi Nguyen ^Trirdng Dgi hoc Nong Ldm - DH Thdi Ng TOM T A T Thj tran Vi Xuyen, tinh H^ Giang hifn cd din 14 co sd sin xudt gach thii cdng (Id ggch thu cdng) dang hogt ddng, mdt s6 Id ggch cd quy md khd Idn Mdi trudng tgi cdc 16 sdn xudt ggch thii cdng thudng xuyen phdi tilp nh§n lugng Idn cdc th^i dfc hgi nhu CO,, SO3, NO,, VOC, , byi, nhift lugng cao, tiing on dnh hudng din sue khde vd cdc hogt dpng sdn xuat ndng nghifp trdn dja b^n Mdi nam c4c co sd s4n xull ggch thu cdng trfn dja bdn thj tran Vj Xuydn tieu thy het khoang 680 tdn than v^ 272 tdn ciii, tai lugng phdt thdi hdng nSm udc tfnh khodng 6.250,560 m\ Kit qua khdo sdt cho thiy, sdc khde ngudi lao ddng tgi cdc Id ggch thii cdng bj dnh hudng nghiem trpng Cdc bfnh vl dudng hd hap chiem ty If cao nhit tong sd cdc cdng nhdn ldm viec tai cdc Id ggch, len din 68,5% Cdc bfnh vl mat chiem 28,57%, bfnh vl dudng lieu hda chiem 14,28% Ngodi racdn ggp cdc bfnh khdc nhu: dau lung mSn tfnh, suy nhugc cothe, dau dau, Tir khda: Ld ggch, d nhiim mdi trudng sue khde, ngudi lao dgng, binh DAT VAN DE Thj tran Vi Xuyen, huyfn Vj Xuyen nam tren Qudc Ig 2, cdch trung tam tinh Ha Giang khoang 20km, cd vi tri kha thudn Igi cho cac hogt dgng phdt triln kinh te, xa hpi Nhirng ndm gdn day kinh te - xa hpi phdt trien, keo theo su phdt trien d gt cua cdc co sd sdn xuat vgt lifu xdy dung, cd sdn xuat ggch thii cdng [4] Trong 12 nam trd Igi day, hogt dpng sdn xudt gach nung tren dja ban thj tran Vi Xuyen khd phat triln, dap ung dugc nhu cau ve ggch xay dyng cho dia phuong va cdc khu vyc lan can, cai thien dilu kien kinh te cua ngudi ddn va tgo cdng an viec Idm cho kha nhilu lao dgng dja phuong Tuy nhien, cdc co sd sdn xudt ggch tai day diu la cdc Id ggch nhd, sdn xudt theo quy trinh thu cdng Theo tinh todn cua cac chuyen gia, dl san xudt ty vien gach dat set nung cd kich thudc tieu chuan se tieu tdn khodng 1,5 trifu m' dit set va 150.000 tan than, ddng thdi thdi khoang 0,57 trifu tan CO2 va cac thdi dgc hgi khdc gay d nhilm mdi tnrdng.[l] Ngudi lao dgng tai cdc Id ggch thudng xuyen phai chiu tac dpng Tel: 0912.003 882 cua thai ddc hgi, ndng dp byi cao, tieng on, mdi trudng lam vifc ndng buc va nang nhpc dnh hudng lon tdi sdc khde ciia ngudi lao ddng,[5] Bai bdo ndy trinh bay mpt so ket qua dieu tra ddnh gid dnh hudng cua d nhilm mdi trudng tai cdc Id gach thu cdng den sue khde ngudi lao ddng tren dia bdn thj tran Vi Xuyen, huyen Vi Xuyen, tinh Ha Giang NQI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUXJ Doi tircmg nghien ciru Ngudi lao ddng tai cdc co sd sdn xudt ggch thiJ cdng tren dja ban thi tran Vj Xuyen, huyfn Vi Xuyen, Hd Giang Ngi dung nghien ciru Dilu tra, khao sat cdc tac dpng cua cdc logi thai, byi tai cdc Id ggch thii cdng tren dja ban thi tran Vi Xuyen, huyen Vj Xuyen, Hd Giang - De xuat gidi phap kiem soat d nhiem mdi trudng va hgn chl tdi da dnh hudng cua thdi din sue khde ngudi lao dgng Phuong phap nghien ciru - Phuong phap dilu tra, phdng vdn: Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ • Hd Anh Tudn vd Dtg * Doi tupng khao sdt: + Chii CO sd sdn xuat (chii.eic Id ggch) Diing philu khdo sat vd phdng'yau chu Id ggch tgi khu vyc nghien cdu •, + Cdng nhan lam vifc tgi cdc Id ggch thu cdng Diing philu khdo sdt vd phdng van tat cd 35 cdng nhan dang lam vifc tryc tilp tgi Id ggch • Hinh thuc khdo sal: Phdt philu dilu tra va phdng van tryc tilp - Phuang phdp khdo sdt thyc dja - Phuong phap md hinh hda - Phuang phdp xu ly, phan tich so lifu KET QUA NGHIEN CUU vA T H A O LUAN Tinh hinh san xuat gach nung tai thj tran Vi Xuyen Hifn tren dia ban thj tran Vj Xuyen cd 14 Id ggch thil cdng dang hoat dpng, tap trung tgi tilu khu d ria thj trdn, dd Id tai td 17 cd 09 Id ndm sat nhau, td 18 cd 03 Id vd tai td 12 cd 02 Id dang hogt dpng, San lugng ggch trung binh mdi nam khoang tren 4,5 trifu vicn Ggch san xuat dugc tieu thy tinh, chii ylu la tgi huyfn Vj Xuyen va thdnh phd Ha Giang.Vifc sdn xuat va tieu thy gach thudng tdng cao vao nhiJng thdng cudi nam Cac Id ggch CLia gia dinh dng Nguyen Van Ke, Nguyen Van Trinh, Luu Van Luyen sdn xuat lien tuc vd san lugng Idn nhat khu vyc (Khoang 10 lai tien hanh nung mgt Id, thdi gian nung la dem sau tat Id dpi ggch ngugi tien hdnh bdc dd ggch Id Igi xep 107(07): 149- 153 ggch mpc vdo vd tilp tyc nung Id tiep theo) Trung binh mpt thang, mpt hg nung dupe 06 Id vdi sdn lugng khodng 200.000 - 210.000 vien (Khodng tir 20 den 21 van vien) Vifc d6t Id sdn xuat gach lien tyc dnh hudng rat nhilu den moi trudng sdng cua ngudi dan xung quanh vd tryc tilp den ngudi lao dpng sdn xuat Nhu cau sir dung nguyen li^u, nhien lieu vi vat lifu de san xuat gach nung - Nguon nguyen lifu gom: Dat set, than cam, nude Dat sdt dl sdn xuat ggch dupe cac chii Id ggch cho dao tgi khu dat gan cac Id ggch Than cam dugc cdc chu Id ggch mua tir noi khdc chu yeu Id than Thdi Nguyen Ngudn nude dl san xuat la nude gieng hodc cd mpt so 16 bom nude sdng len su dyng - Nguon nhien lieu: Than da, cui, ddu chgy may, difn Trong dd hai loai nhien lieu chinh ddng dl nung ggch la than dd va ciii Than da chilm khoang 70 - 75%, ctii chilm tir 25 30%) nhien lifu ddt 16 Theo kit qua khdo sat, thdng thudng nung mpl Id ggch thii cdng cdn 10 tdn than va khoang 04 tan cui Moi nam, cdc Id gach thu cdng tren dja ban thj tran Vi Xuyen san xuat khodng 4.533.000 vien gach (tuong duon^ khoang tu 68 - 70 16 nung) se tieu thu het khodng 680 tan than va 272 tan cui Vifc san xuat tieu thy lupng cui Idn nhu vgy gay dp lyc Idn din tdi nguyen rimg khu vyc va cac khu vuc lan cgn, anh hudng den sue khde cua ngudi ddn va ngudi lao ddng l\ Hi sd phdt thdi cua mgt sd logi nhien tiiu thdng thudng Lo^i nhien li^u Go am 20% Than biin am 25% Than d^ Lu^ng lihi I h i i - Trpng l i r ^ g ri£ng The tich Trpng luT^Tig lihi Ith6i thai 0' lig/kg nhicn m^/l(g nhien O K T C (lig/m') lipu li^u 5,6 - 5,9 4,3 - 4.5 1,31 4-4.7 5,5 - 5,6 1,38 10- 10,5 Than cui Dau ma diit 14,9 xang 15,9 7,5 - 8,5 Lumig Ithdng kho theo iy thuyet dS d6t kg nhien lieu 4,6 4.9 1,36- 1,57 9-9.6 1,87 14,3 1,3 14,9 8,1 -8,6 11,3 Ngudn Phan Tudn Triiu, tinh tdi luong d nhiem tir cdc ngudn [ Uk Anh Tu^ vd Dtg Tap chl KHOA Hpc & CONG NGHE 107(07): 149- 153 BSng Hdm Iwng cdc chdt phdt thdi cda mot sd nhien Ii4u Loai nhien liSu Hp s6 phit thii (kg/tan nhien lieu) SO; NO, CO 19,5 S 0,3 20 S 2,84 0,71 Bui 5A 0,28 Than DauFO VOC 0,055 0,035 Nguon: Phan Tudn Trieu, tinh tdi tugng d nhiim tir cdc ngudn [3 4&o(nn 4a/o 3S,aiKi joar/f aooji 2DL0(r/o 15,00% mooK, aooH ^^H 34.3QP/C ^^H ^^1 ^^1 ^^H HH ^^1 ^^H • ,• I • ^ H Dau dSu aTCP/, Md- mdt ^H Ngi>a, nggt mui U tai I.l Dau thu'ang vj Chdng m$t Hinh Ddnh gid trieu chimg benh cua ddi tuong nghien cuu sau ca lao dgng tgi cdc td ggch thu cdng Cac chat phat thai qua trinh san xuat gach nung Qua trinh sdn xudt ggch nung tifu thu lugng lon cdc nhien lieu nhu: than, ciii, xdng, dau va thai mdi trudng nhilu gay nhilm nhu: CO2, CO, NO, NO2, SO2, SO3, VOC, byi, nhift lugng tda lon [2] Cdc 16 gach (14 Id) khdng cd Id nao su dyng dng khdi de thai Mdi nam cac Id gach thu cdng tren dia bdn thj trdn Vi Xuyen thy hit khoang 680 tdn than vd 272 tan ciii Can cu cdc tieu chf tgi bang 1, ta tinh dugc tai lugng phat thdi hang ndm tir la khodng 7.969.600 m^ Trong dd thdi tir qua trinh ddt than la khoang 5.100.000 m^ (khodng 6.800.000 kg), thdi tir qud trinh ddt cui Id 1.169.600 m^ (1.523.200 kg) Vdi 6.800.000 kg thai tiir qua trinh ddt than thi cd 13.620 kg SO2, NOx la khoang 6.120 kg, CO la 204 kg va VOC la khoang 37,4 kg, cdn lai CO2 va cdc chat khac la khoang 6.780.378,6 kg, Ddy la mdt lugng phat thdi rat Idn, chua kl den hon 1.000.000 m^ thai tu qua trinh ddt cui vd qua trinh ddt cdc nhien lieu khac Cdc thdi ciing nhiet lugng tda tir cdc 16 gach thii cdng da vd dang anh hudng Idn den mdi trudng khdng khu vuc, lam ldm ndng suat cay trdng vgt nudi cung nhu gay hai tdi sue khde cua ngudi dan, Anh hudng cua nhiem moi trirdng den sire khde ngirdi lao dong tai cac Id gach Ve cdc trieu chirng benh gap phdi: Hdu hit cac cdng nhdn tgi cdc 16 ggch thu cdng sau ca lao dpng co the thudng xuat hien cac trieu chirng nhu: Dau ddu; ngua, nggt mui; il tai; chdng mat vd cdc trifu chung dau mdi CO the, bd phgn Ket qua dieu tra dugc the hifn dhinh Ket qua phdng van ngudi lao dgng sati mdi ca lam viec cho thay: trieu chung cao nhdt Id dau ddu cd 42,8%i Nhirng ngudi lao dgng d day lam vide d ngodi trdi nhiet dp cao dac bift Id miia he, dnh hudng bdi khdi thdi va cdng vifc ngng nhgc vdy, hay bj dau dau vl cudi budi va sau mdi ca lao dpng; Ngda, nggt mui chilm 34,3% day cung la mdt trifu churng xuat hien phd bien d cdc cdng nhan Idm tai cac Id ggch thu cdng Do qua trinh lao dgng thudng xuyen hit phai byi, cdc thdi tir khdi than nen rdt nhilu cdng nhan tgi cac Id gach gap cac vdn dl vl mui hpng; trieu chung dau thupng vi chilm 14,3%J; ii tai va chdng mat diu chilm 11,4%; md mdt chiem 7,8% 151 Hd Anh Tudn vd Dtg Tgp chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 107(07): 149 - 153 Hlnh Ddnh gid vi cdc tri$u chung b^nh cua ddi tirgng nghien cuu sau ca lao dgng 70.U0% 60.(10% 50.11(1% 40.00% 28.57% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% [acac b^nh thirfl-ng gap | f^^ L nL wmamf Hinh Cdc benh thudng gap dcong nhdn tgi cdc Id ggch tha cdng Hinh trinh bay ddnh gia ve cac trieu chung Qua hinh ta thay ty If cac cdng nhan mdc bfnh cua ddi tugng nghien cuu sau ca lao cdc Bfnh ve dudng hd hdp (Ho, viem phdi, di dpng - Dau mdi co thi, bg phan Dau lung la img mui) chilm ty If cao nhdt 68,5%i; Benh trieu chdng chilm ty le rdt cao 54,3%, hau ve mdt chilm 28,57%, so vdi nhimg ngudi het cac cdng nhdn phdi lam vifc tu thi dan song d gan cac 16 ggch thi so cdng nhan dung - Clii xuc than, gdnh ggch vdo Id, xiic mac cac bfnh ve mat Idn hon, nguyen nhan co trdn ddt set; tilp din la cdc trifu chung dau mdi chdn tay (22,8%) va dau mdi cgt sdng the Id cdc cong nhan thudng xuyen phai (20%) day ciing la cac trifu chung rat lam vifc dieu kifn byi, tiep xuc vdi khdi biln d cdc cdng nhdn hp phai lam nhii-n^ thai ndng; Bfnh ve dudng tieu hda chilm cdng vifc rdt ndng nhpc; Dau mdi vimg thdt 14,28%, nhu vgy sd cdng nhan thudng xuyen lung cung khd biln d cac cong nhdn mdc cac bfnh ve dudng rupt cung chilm ty If chiem 14,3%; Cdc trifu chung dau mdi co, khd Idn nguyen nhan co the dieu kien an dau vai ddu chilm 11,4%; Dau nhuc khdp it uong, sinh hogt cua cdc cdng nhan tai cac 16 gap nhdt chilm 5,7%i ggch chua dam bao ve sinh Bdnh gid ve cdc benh thirdng gap d ngu-di Ngoai ra, nhiJng ngudi lao dpng tgi day cdn lao dpng tcii cdc Id gach thd cdng: mac mgt sd benh khac nhu: Dau lung man Kit qud khao sat cac benh thudng gdp d 35 tinh, suy nhugc co the, dau dau, viem loet da ngudi lao dpng tryc tilp tgi cac Id gach dupe day ta trang, dilu kifn lam vifc nang nhpc, the hifn dhinh 3, Ha Anh Tuin va Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONO NGHE ndng nuc va thudng xuyen hit phdi dpc hgi, byi dan din sue khde ciia cdc cdng nhan khdng duoc dam bdo hg hay mdc phai cac bfnh nhu ho, viem miii dj ung, dau lung, dau ddu, viem loet da day, fie xuat mdt so giai phap - Cai thien dieu kien mdi trudng lao dpng cho cdng nhan; Cong nhdn can su dyng cac thilt hi, qudn bao hg lao ddng, quy dinh khdng lam vifc qud 8h/ngay, dilu chinh thdi gian lam vide hgp ly, v.v - Phat triln sdn xudt ggch khdng nung, cdng nghe Id tuynel KET LUAN - Thj tran Vj Xuyen, huyfn Vj Xuyen, Ha Giang hifn cd 14 co sd sdn xudt gach thu cdng dang boat dpng, gdy nhiem mdi trudng Idn, ddc biet la mdi trudng khdng - Dieu kifn mdi trudng lam viec tai cac Id gach thu cdng rdt bdt Ipi cho sdc khde ciia ngudi lao dpng Ty Id cdc cdng nhan mac cac bfnh ve dudng hd hap (ho, viem phdi, di 107(07): 149-153 dng miii) chiem ty Id rat cao 68,5%; bfnh vl mdt chilm 28,57%; benh vl dudng tidu hda chilm I4,28%o Ngoai ra, nhung ngudi lao dpng tai day cdn mac mpt sd benh khde nhu: dau lung man tinh, suy nhupc co thd, dau dau,.,, TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Ld Huy Bd (2006), Gido trinh dgc hgc mdi trudng - phdn hai chuyen de, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia Thdnh Phi Hd Chf Minh U Huy Bd (2008), Gido trinh ddc hoc ca bdn, Nxb Dgi hpc Qudc gia Th^nh Phd HS Chi Minh Phan Tuin Trilu, Tinh tdi lugng nhiim lu cdc ngudn, Ky thuat xir ly d nhilm khdng khi, 2005, blip -//old.voer edu vn/module/khoa-hoc-va-cong nghe/tinh-tai-luons-o-nhiem-tu-cac-nguon.hlml Website hltp://vi.wikipedia org/wiki/V%El% BB%8B_Xuv%C3%AAn Website vSt lifu khong nung, "Ca che chinh sdch ve gach khong nung' http //xn~ vttiukhngnung-vlb2425i8la.vn/?page^newsDetail &id ^360263&site^885 SUMMARY SURVEY OF THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON THE HEATH OF WORKERS IN THE BRICK KILNS IN THE AREA OF VI XUYEN TOWN, VI XUYEN DISTRICT, HA GIANG PROVINCE Ha Anh Tuan'', Dang Thi Hong PhuongS Ha Thi Nghe^ 'Thai Nguyen University, ^College of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU Vi Xuyen town Ha Giang province now has 14 brick kilns with some kilns having high capacity The environment in the craft brick kilns regularly receives large amounts of toxic emissions such as COx, SOj, NOx, VOC, ,., dust, high temperature, noise that impact on people's health and agricultural producion in this area Each year craft brick kilns in the local Vi Xuyen town consume about 680 tons of coal and 272 tons of fuel and the amount of emissions estimated about 6.25056 million ml The Survey has shown that health of workers in the craft brick kilns is seriously affected Respiratory diseases accounted for the highest proportion of workers working in brick kilns, over until 68.5% The eyes diseases made up 28.57%, digestive diseases accounted for 14.28% Moreover there are other diseases such as, chronic lumbago, languarous, headaches,, Key words: brick kiln, environmental pollution, health, laborers, diseases Ngdy nhdn bdi- 14/6/2013; Ngdy phdn bien: 11/7/2013; Ngdy duyet ddng 10/9/2013 Phan biin khoa hoc: TS Nguyin Xudn Trudng - Dai hoc Thdi Nguyen ... lao dpng tgi day cdn lao dpng tcii cdc Id gach thd cdng: mac mgt sd benh khac nhu: Dau lung man Kit qud khao sat cac benh thudng gdp d 35 tinh, suy nhugc co the, dau dau, viem loet da ngudi lao. .. tra dugc the hifn dhinh Ket qua phdng van ngudi lao dgng sati mdi ca lam viec cho thay: trieu chung cao nhdt Id dau ddu cd 42,8%i Nhirng ngudi lao dgng d day lam vide d ngodi trdi nhiet dp cao... cudi budi va sau mdi ca lao dpng; Ngda, nggt mui chilm 34,3% day cung la mdt trifu churng xuat hien phd bien d cdc cdng nhan Idm tai cac Id ggch thu cdng Do qua trinh lao dgng thudng xuyen hit