THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
NGHIEN Cflu-TRAO BOI KHAO SAT ANH H U N G CUA M O T SO v i U TO L6N CHAT LUONG GIA C O N G RANH XOAN TRONG L S A U B A N G P H U O N G PHAP DIGN HOA Nguyen Dflc Minh', Lai Anh TuSnS Nguyen Trpng Doanh^ 'Bp Cdng an, 'Hpc vien Ky thudt Quan sfl, 'Trfldng Dai hpc Bdeh khoa Ha Npi TQM TAT Gia cong rdnh xoan 16 sdu id vdn dephUc tap nhdt qud trinh sdn xudt vu hien Gia cong diin hoa la mgt phUdng phdp gia cong dUdc sd dung rgng rdi d cdc cd sd sdn xudt phdi gia cdng cdc Id dinh hinh md cdc phUdng phdp gia cong thong thUdng khong the thUc hien dUdc ChdtlUdng gia cong dien hoa phu thugc vdo khd nhieu yeu to De dp Ung yeu cdu ky thudt cua nong phdo, ta tap trung vdo khdo sdt ba thong so co dnh hUdng nhieu nhdt den bong be mat gia cong vd ndng sudt boc tdch kim loai, la mat dong, nong dung dich diin ly vd nhiet viinggia cong Tren cd sd do, ta dUa che cong nghe hdp ly deed the ddm bdo ndng suat hoc tdch kim loai phii hdp vdi chdtlUdngbe mat yeu cdu ABSTRACT Cutting spiral drain in deep hole is actually one of the most complex problem in armament manufacturing Electro-Chemical cutting is one usual method of manufacturing in the mechanical plants for cutting different formed holes which can not realized by others methods Quality of Electro-chemical cutting depends on many factors For achieving of technical requirements of artillery, there is a concentration into three factors most influenced to surface quality and productivity of metal eliminating as following: Density of current, density of electro- chemical solution and temperature of cutting zone On this knowledge we can determinate optimal cutting parameters for obtaining good productivity with required surface quality TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM • Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN ClJfU T R A O D O I CONG NGHE GIA CONG R A N H XOAN BANG DIEN HOA Gia cdng ranh xoan lo sdu la cdng nghe phfle tap nhat che tao cac loai ndng sung va ndng phao Ranh xoan cua ndng phdo thfldng cd hai dang la gdc xodn khdng ddi hoac goc xoan thay doi Ranh cd gdc xodn khdng ddi thi don gidn hon cho viec che tao, nhflng lam giam tudi thp cua ndng phao Ranh cd gdc xodn thay ddi lam cho viec gia cdng khd khan hPn, nhflng chat IflOng dfldng dan va tudi thp ndng phao deu dflpc ndng Ien Mdt eac cdng nghe gia cdng ranh xoan hay dflpe sfl dung la cdng nghe gia cdng dien hda Day la phflpng phdp gia cdng da cd tfl kha lau vd thfldng dflpc sfl dung de gia cdng cdc be mat dinh hinh phflc tap, ddc biet la cae Id, cdc ranh ma cdc phflpng phap thdng thfldng khdng thflc hien dflpc Hinh 1: May gia cong ranh xoan di?n hoa Gifla chi tiet va dung dflpc each dien hoan toan Dien cue dung cu chinh la am ban cua ranh cdt, thfldng dflpc lam tfl kim logi den va phan khong tham gia cat dflpc phu mpt Idp each dien Dung dich dien ly dfldc bom 15 cap vao dfldi ap suat cao de day litpng kim lo^i dudc boc tach khoi vung gia cong Chat dien ly difpc sfl dung la NaCl hoac NaN03 Trong qua trinh gia cong dien hoa, co rat nhieu yeu to anh hiJdng Ban chat cua qud trinh dien hda Id la qua den chat Ifldng be mat ranh gia cong Sau day, ta chi trinh bdc tach kim loai nhd hien tflpng phdng tap trung vao mot so thong so co anh hudng chinh den chat lifpng la : mat dp dong, nong dung dich dien an mdn A - not mdi trfldng dung dich dien ly va nhiet vung gia cdng dien phan Khdi Iflpng kim loai bj hda tan dflpc xac dinh theo cdng thflc sau: ANH HUdNG CUA MAT DO DONG M = k.I T rj (1) Trong dd: k - dflpng Iflpng dien hda, I - ddng dien, T - thdi gian , q - hieu suat ddng dien Cau tao eiia mdy dien hda ranh xoan dflpe the hien tren hinh May dflpc dieu khien theo hai true chuyen ddng: tinh tien dau dung cu va quay dau dung cu Hai chuyen ddng cd ti sd truyen khdng ddi trfldng hpp gdc xoan khdng ddi va ti sd truyen thay ddi gdc xoan thay ddi Chi tiet gia cdng dflpc dau vdi cflc dflPng vd dung cu dflpe dau vdi cflc am Mat dp ddng dien ia la thdng sd quan trpng nhat cd nhflng anh hfldng quyet dinh den chat Iflpng ranh xoan qud trinh gia cdng Chinh vi vay, ta tap trung khdo sdt anh hfldng cua mat dp ddng Ien ndng suat bdc kim loai va dp bdng be mat gia cdng Can cfl vao cae tai heu va kinh nghiem thflc te gia cdng dien hda, ta chpn cae thdng sd cP bdn sau: - Khe hd gifla eac dien cflc S = 0,5 mm - dp suat dung dich P = 0,6 Mpa - Ndng dp dung dich NaCl = 20% Cdc mau thi nghiem cd chieu ddi 300mm, Id T'j~I-i' d eac mat dp ddng thay ddi khoang tfl: -^ 25 A/cm^ Ket qua thi nghiem thu dflpc nhfl tren bang TAP C H i CO KHi VIET NAM So (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN cflu - TRAO DOI TT Mai dm= Khehu ; A cm- • giiia cac Donhsn bemjl Ra Ghj irhu awnyhl ttich NaCI-V D^ 1 • 1: 1: ^ •M • r :o •? ; :c> r :o 1- 1 :- !• :o ,• • 11 — - " -A- ; ( ;• ( ' ' Quan h? gifla m?t dp ddng va dp bdng be mat dflpc the hi?n tren hinh Hinh 2: Do thi anh hudng cua mat dd dong Ien bong be mat Anh hfldng cua mat dp ddng Ien tdc dp an mdn kim loai phdi dflpc the hien tren hinh Tr^n dd thj, ta thay, ia tang thi toe dp gia cdng ranh xodn tang Ien nhflng khdng phai dfldng tuyen tinh hodn toan nhfl tinh todn Bdivi, cdng thflc tinh theo dinh luat Faraday ehfla tinh d^n cdc van de nhfl hien tflpng bdo hda cua dung dich di^n ly gay nen sfl thu dpng hod be mat sdn pham O day, ta thdy, ia tdng den hon 20 A/ cm2 vd ndng dp dung djch dien ly 20% thi viec tdch cdc cdc ion kim loai khdi vung gia cdng khdng tdt, ddn d^n thu dpng hoa vi v$y gia cdng rdnh xodn di^u ki?n thflc te nen sfl dyng; i^ = 15 -^ 18 A/cm^ ANH HUOtNG CUA NONG DO DUNG DICH D £ N LY Trong cdc tdi lieu cung nhfl cac thi nghiem thflc te cho thay, ndng dp va thdnh phan dung dich hau nhfl khdng dnh hfldng den toe dp an mdn, nhien, nd cd dnh hfldng den dp bdng be mat De nghien cflu van de ndy, ta cd dinh cdc tham sd cdng nghe cP ban, chi thay ddi ndng dp dung dich NaCl ehfla cd phu gia vd sau co phu gia Ket qua nghien cflu (bang 2) cho thay, ndng dp NaCl tang tfl 10% den 20%, dp bong be mat ranh xodn tang Nhflng neu ndng dp NaCl >22% thi cd hien tflpng be mat ranh bi thu ddng hod de lai mpt sd ndt san khdng an mdn dflpc Hien tflpng ndy xdy luc dp set cua dung dich cao, khd nang dd'y cac san pham dien hod khdi khu vflc lam viec khdng tot Cung qua thfl nghiem eho thay, viec bd sung mdt so phu gia nhdm ban che kha nang thu dpng hod la rat quan trpng nhfl: NitPrit Natri NaNO, va axit Boric H^BrO, Bang Hieu dien Hinh 3: Anh hfldng cfldng dp dong Ien toe dp an mon B ^ TAP CHI CO KHi VIETNAM Cii C4: C4: C4: C4: C4: C4: M i l dong ii ( A W ) lieu nan£ s-:4 Nl Nl NI Nl Nl NI S6 4(Thang4nam-2012) 1: HI nl nl nl nl nl Nong dd Niaii Do bong Ra 10 i: 14 16 IS 3-0 10 :o 20-liiuBa :.o i;; 10 10 o.s NGHIEN c a u TRAO OOl Anh hfldng cua ndng dp dung dich dien ly NaCl Ien bdng be mat gia cdng dfloc the hien tren hinh tiep dnh hfldng cua nhiet dp dung dich den qud trinh an mdn vd chat lflpng be mat ranh xoan Nhdm de tai tien hdnh nghien cflu tren cdc mau ddi 2200mm, kich thflde 161|)37,06, eac thdng sd khdc ed djnh chi thay ddi nhiet dp tiiW C din 40"C Ket qud cho thay d nhiet dp dung dich nhd hon le^C, viec an mdn rat cham va chat lflpng be mat tdt nhiet dp dung djch ldn hon 18"C thi viec an mdn xay binh thfldng va tdc dp an mdn tang theo nhiet dp nhfl ket qua d bang Bdng r Ku:k[hrtx Hinh 4: Anh hudng cua ndng dp dung dich dien ly Ien dp bong be mat DoiAdmbi mai.Ra i: Jil U JH 16 iSl 50 30 30 :s 1! 3Sl: 32 3; 40 3S1S 3S,19 3S.19 3s:i 3s: i:; i:: i;: i:i i:: Qua ta thay vdi dieu kien cua ta hien co Qua ket qua tren cho thay nen sfl dung dung dich NaC117 - 20% ed them phu gia de gia nen chon nhiet dp lam viec C cdng rdnh xoan ed the cho dp bdng tdt nhdt KET ANH HLTdNG CUA NHIET D p Tfl cac ket qua thflc nghiem, ta da thay rd anh hfldng cua cac thdng sd nhfl mat dp ddng, Cdc nghien cflu tfl tai lieu cua nfldc ngoai ndng dp dung dich dien ly, nhiet dp Ien dp bdng da chi la: sfl phu thudc eua dp dan dien rieng be mat gia cdng va tdc an mdn gia cdng cua dung dich dien hod vdo nhiet dp dflpc xac dien hda Che dp cdt phu hpp dflpc xdc dinh: i = dinh thdng qua bieu thflc: X, LUAN 14,9 A/cm^ (I = 146 A); U = 20,5 ^ 21,5 V; P = ZB [ + (td-18)] at; T" = 32 ^34''C; dung dich NaCl 17 -^ 20% cd phu gia la NaNO^ va H^BrO^; Tdc dp dich chuyen Catdt 10 -^ ISmm/phut Chat Iflpng gia cdng ranh d day: Xr ~ ^d dan dien rieng eua dung djch dien hoa d nhiet dp t^, Xi ' ^9 ^^^ ^*^" rieng cua dung dich dien phan d \ gOQ, /? - he sd nhiet (doi vdi cac dung dich mudi thi ^ = 0,022) Tuy nhien, doi vdi cdc dung dich dien phdn d cdc xoan tren ndng phdo che tao thfl (37mm) hoan toan dap flng ve dp chinh xdc gia cdng cung nhfl dp bdng be mat Sau thflc hien cdc cdng doan hoan thien nhfl danh bdng, lam sach vd ma, ndng phdo da dflpc dfla di ban thfl nghiem Dp chinh nhiet dp khdc cae ket qud tinh todn dp dan xdc cua dfldng dan dap flng tflpng dflpng vdi loai dien rieng cd the khdng chinh xac dan den cac ket phao cung cd cua nfldc ngoai Ket qud tren ddy cd qua tinh todn cac thdng sd cdng nghe gia cdng the flng dung vdo sdn xuat dai tra • ranh xoan, vi vay, nhdm de tdi nghien cflu trflc TAP CHI CO KHi VI£T NAM Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN cflu - TRAO DOI Tai lieu tham kliao: [1] Nguyen Ngpc Anh, Phan Dinh TliuySn, Nguyin Ngpc ThU Hi Van Vui (1979), Sd tay cong nghe che tao may Tap 2, 3, 4, NXB Khoa hpc v4 Ky thuill H4 N0i [2] Nguyen DSc Lpc (chu bien) Cpng nghi chl^ tap may, T|p 1, NXB Khoa hpc vi Ki thuat Hi Npi [3] Le Hoang Phu , Gia cong lo sau Trung tam Cong nghe, Bp Qu6c phdng [4] Tran Sy Tuy (chu bien) vi tap the tac gii (1977), Nguyin Ii cit kim Ipai, NXB Dai hpc vi Trung hpc Chuyen nghiep Hi Npi [5] Todd, H Rpbert; Allen, K Dell; Alting, Leo (1994) Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide (1st ed.) Industrial Press Inc p 198-199, ISBN 0-8311-3049-0 [6] Valenti, Michael "Making the Cut." Mechanical Engineering American Society of Mechanical Engineers 2001 [7] Ghosh, A., Manufacturing Science, Ellis Horwppd Ltd., Chichester, UK, 1986 TAP CHi CO KHl VIET NAM • S6 (Thang nam 2012) ... nhflng lam giam tudi thp cua ndng phao Ranh cd gdc xodn thay ddi lam cho viec gia cdng khd khan hPn, nhflng chat IflOng dfldng dan va tudi thp ndng phao deu dflpc ndng Ien Mdt eac cdng nghe gia cdng... gia cdng ranh xoan hay dflpe sfl dung la cdng nghe gia cdng dien hda Day la phflpng phdp gia cdng da cd tfl kha lau vd thfldng dflpc sfl dung de gia cdng cdc be mat dinh hinh phflc tap, ddc biet... ap suat cao de day litpng kim lo^i dudc boc tach khoi vung gia cong Chat dien ly difpc sfl dung la NaCl hoac NaN03 Trong qua trinh gia cong dien hoa, co rat nhieu yeu to anh hiJdng Ban chat cua
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