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S TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRUONSBAI HOC M 6 TP HCM SO 1 (29) 2013 KHAO SAT PHl/ONG PHAP GIANG DAY, KIEM TRA VA DANH GIA M 6 N TIENG ANH L 6 P 10 CUA GIAO VlfeN TAI BON TRirdNG THPT TAI TP HCM ns Phan Thi Thu[.]
S TAP CHi KHOA HQC TRUONSBAI HOC M TP.HCM - SO (29) 2013 KHAO SAT PHl/ONG PHAP GIANG DAY, KIEM TRA VA DANH GIA M N TIENG ANH L P 10 CUA GIAO VlfeN TAI BON TRirdNG THPT TAI TP.HCM ns Phan Thi Thu Nga ThS Li Phuang Than' T6M TAT Muc tieu cua bai nghien ciru dugc trinh bay bdi bdo cdo Id khdo sdt phuang phdp gidng dgy kiim tra vd ddnh gid mdn tliiig Anh lap 10 dugc dp dung tgi bon trudng THPT tai Tp.HCM 38 giao vien ciia bdn Irudng THPT tham gta tra ldi phiiu khdo sdt Kit qui cho thay hau hit GVchua ap dung dinh huang giao tiip gidng dgy tiing Anh theo hu&ng din chung cua Bg Giio due vd Ddo tgo va cac chuyen gia biin sogn sich giio khoa tiing Anh 10 Cdc ky thudt dgy dugc GV ip dung luang dong vol each GV thiit ki bdi kiim tra mgi liet (thi giiia ky vi cuoi ky) Nghia Id, cic cdu hoi bii kiem Ira gdm cd van phgm, tu vung, ngU dm va ky ndng dgc: vd nhitng cau hoi khong dugc ndng lifc giao tiep cua hgc sinh Han nUa.kit qua phdn tich ddi chiiu ve phuang phip giing dgy, kiem tra va dinh gia mdn tiing Anh lap 10 theo hudng dan cda Bg GDDT vd ngi dung cdc mdn hgc thugc chuyen nginh giing day tiing Anh tgi DH Md Tp.HCM cho thay, sinh vien dugc trang bl kiin thuc chuyen ngdnh hodn toin phii hgp cho viec giang dgy tieng Anh lap 10 Mgt sd di xudt nghien ciru tiep theo vi ung dgng ket qud ndy se dugc ttm thdy a phdn cudi cua bdi bdo ABSTRACT The survey research reported in this article exarttines teaching, testing and assessment methods applied in senior high schools in Ho Chl Minh City 38 teachers of English (Grade 10) from four schools participated in this survey The results of the survey revealed thai most of these teachers did not apply the Communicative Approach to language teaching recommended by the Ministry of Education and Training and the textbook (English 10) writers Their teaching techniques are also in line with Ihelr testing techniques because their tesLi only included grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and reading items which cannot measure students' communicative competence Besides, Ihe conlrastive analysis of the recommended teaching approach, testing and assessment methods for senior high schoolers and the contents of major subjects in the curriculum of students majoring tn English language teaching; and the results of the survey prove that what students have learned at university Is appropriate for teaching English grade 10 In senior high schools Some recommendations for further research and implications of the findings can be found at the end of this article 'JhtdngDoihgcM&TpHCM •i GIAO DUG 53 TONG QUAN Lich sir nghien cvu ciia van de Trong danh muc cdc de tai nghien cuu khoa hpe da duoc nghiem thu tir nam 2001 cho den cua Vien Nghien cuu Giao due thugc Trudng DH Su pham TP.HCM khdng tim thdy mot d^ tai NCKH hay mgt hdi tham luan ndo c6 lien quan den phuong phdp gidng day (PPGD) ti^ngAnh ma GV THPT dang E^ dung hoac chuong trinh dao tao (CTDT) GV ti^ng Anh cua cdc tnrong DH va nhu cdu thuc le cua viec gidng day tiSng Anh t?i cac Inrang THPT ca nudc te gidng day tieng Anh tai cdc truong THPT ca nuoc Y kien phdn hoi cua GV tgi cdc trudng THPT noi md sinh vien DH Md den thuc lap tot nghiep cho thay giang day iheo thirc te khdc vdi giang day theo ly thuydt Day la hai nguyen nhdn chinh dan den tinh cap thiet ciia vi^c nghien cuu lhy;c te viec gidng day tieng Anh t^i cac trudng THPT Chinh vi vay nhom nghien cOn mu6n tim hilu PPGD vd KTDG ma GV THPT dang dp dyng cho HS THPT dl tim yeu cau cua cong viec gidng dgy tieng Anh thuc te lai cac trudng Pham vi nghidn cuu Ndm 2009, nhom giang vien cua Khoa NN- Truong DH Mo TP.HCM co thuc hien mgt Khdo sdt mirc dp dap irng nhu cdu nguai hoc vd nhu cdu xd hgi cua CTDT ngdnh PPGD tiing Anh tgi Tnr&ng BHM& TPHCM" Kit qua cho thdy nhom cuu sinh vien dupc cdc nha tuyen d\ing cong nhan d nhOng phdm chat ca nhan nhu nang luc hoc hoi, thai dg d6i voi c6ng vi6c mac dii gap nhieu kho khan giao tiep ldm viec voi nguoi ban xu Nhom sinh vien thuc l|p tai truong THPT Phan Dang Luu dugrc GV huong dan ddnh gia la biet dp dung thdnh cong cdc PPGD vao thuc t^ mac du hi?u qua cua viec sir dung phuong phap chua dat den muc thuan thyc chua cao ho^c chua deu (Nguyen, 2009) Cac vien ciia nhom nghien cuu chi khdo sat PPGD va kiem tra ddnh gia (KTDG) mon tilng Anh Idp 10 cua GV tai bin trudng THPT tai TPHCM noi da timg nhan sinh vien Khoa NN den d£ thuc tap tot nghiep Ddc biet Id, bdi nghien cuu chi tim hieu cac each day vd K'TOG bon k5' nang ng6n ngO" (nghe, n6i, dgc va viet) vd ba mat cua ngon ng& (vdn pham, tu vung va ngir dm) ciia cdc GV tren Tuy nhien cac van de khac nhu: khd ndng qudn I^ ldp hgc, xu ly nhitng tinh hudng bat ngd xdy ratronggidhgc.v.v khong thugc pham vi nghien cuu cua de tdi Theo ket qud nghien cuu tai Tmong DH Ngoai Ngu-thuoc DH Hue, (Trucmg, 2011) nha tuyen dung ddnh gia cao ndng lire su p h ^ cua cac cyu sinh vien tot nghiep truong DH Ngoai ngG- DH Hu6 va CO nhung d6 xudt nhu uu tien cdi ti^n tinh thuc tien, phii hgp cua CTDT voi yeu cdu thuc te cua cac truong THPT Tinh cap thiet cua van de nghien cihi Sau diem qua cdc de tdi NCKH nudc ve giang day THPT, nghiep vy su pham muc thoa man nhu cau giang day tilng Anh THPT cua CTDT GV tilng Ai^ cho tliay rdt it tdc gid nghien cuu thuc Muc tieu nghien ciru Muc tieu trgng tam cua de tdi nghien cuu Id tim hilu cdc PPGD va KTDG mon tieng Anh cua HS khoi 10 ma GV tai bon trudng THPT tai TP.HCM da vd dang ung dung nham giiip cho nhihig HS ndy dat muc tieu chung theo quy dinh cua Bg GDDT Hon niia, nhdm nghien curu cung mudn tim hieu nhiing dilm tuong dong va / hoac khdc bi?t ve PPGD vd KTDG mdn tilng Anh ma sinh vien Khoa NN dugc trang bi trudc trudng va PPGD va KTDG dugc dp dung tai cdc trudng THPT Tir tim hilu xem ngi dung CTDT GV tieng Anh tai DH Md cd phii hgp vdi thuc tl giang day tilng Anh tai cdc trudng THPT hay khong TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRI/ONG DAI HQC M O TP.HCM - SO C29) 2013 ¥ nghia thoc tiln cna van de ngkien can Ket qua nghien cuu cua de tai sS giilp cho giang vien dang phu trach cac mon hoc thuoc chuygn nganh giang day tigng ^nh nghien cuu lai cac ngi dung va giio trinh cua cac mon hoc nham bo sung hoac dieu chinh cho phi hop voi nhu cau giang d ^ thuc te tai cac trucmg THPT Hon niia, nhiimg ket luan duoc riit Kr nghien ciru cung giiip lanh dao nha tnrong co nhihig thay doi tuyen sinh, xay dyng chuan dAu hgrp 1^ va nhiing chinh sach ho trg cho cac boat dgng hgc thii|t giiip cac em sinh vien nang cao ky nang ngon ngi} va chuyen mdn nghiep vu nham nang cao chat lugng dao tao GV tieng Anh t^ Khoa NN -Trucmg DH Mo TP.HCM CO SO LY LUAN Phmmg phap giang day tieng Ajih 10 TiSng Anh 10 chuong trinh chuan (Bg GDDT, 2006:12), chii hucmg di theo hai huong tiep can thinh hanh tiong giao due hoc va giao hgc phap ngo^i ngO tren th6 gidi va nuoc: hudng tiep can ISy ngiroi hgc lam trgng tam (die leamercenteicd approach) giao dvic hgc va hirong tiep can thong qua hoat dgng giao tiip (the communicative approach) d^y ngoai ngir, day dua vao nliiem vu (task-based teaching) la PPGD chu dao Theo cac chuyen gia bien soan sach tiing Anh 10, hai hirong tiip can dtrgc lira chgn la vi chiing co nhieu diem tuong d6ng; thil nhit la ca hai deu coi HS la trgng tam cua qua trinh day va hgc; thti nOra, hai huong tiep can deu nhim phat huy tinh Can boi Dgfaien cihi va pfantnig tich circ, chu dgng va sang t ^ cua HS phap ngbien cihi Theo PPGD truy&i thang, GV De dat dirge muc tieu nghien ciru ciia de tiii "Khdo sdt phucmg phdp gidng day thuong dong vai tro la tnmg tam cila qua vd kiem tra ddnh gid mdn tieng Anh lap 10 trinh day hgc theo hinh thirc "thong bao tgi bdn trudng THPT tgi TP.HCM", nhom dong loat"- thiy noi ca ldp ling nghe Tuy nghien cijm da xfiy d ^ g ba can hot nghien nhien, doi vdti huomg tiep can lay nguoi cuu djnh hucmg la: hgc Iam trung tam va hudrng tiep can thong • Miic lieu ma Bg GDDT cung nhu cac qua hoat dgng giao tiep, thay kh6ng phai chuyen gia tham gia bien s o ^ SGK chi la ngudi tmyen thu kiln thiic ma tifing Anh danh cho HS lop 10 la gi? la ngudi to chile, nguoi giiip dd, nguoi c6 Hay cu the la HS se dat dugc cai gi van, ngudi neu van de, ngudn tham khao, sau hoc xong chirong trmh Iiing va ngudi tham gia vao qua trinh hoc tap Anh lop 10? cua ngudi hgc Ve phia HS, cac em khong • Giao vien day tieng Anh lop 10 cua chi ngdi ddi dien vdi thay, nghe thiy b6n tnrong THPT tai TPHCM day giang bai ma phai Iam quen vdi cac boat kiem tra va danh gia ket qua hgc tap dgng theo cap theo nhom, sin sang thuc mon tieng Anh ciia HS lop 10 nhu hien nhiing nhiem vu (ngdn ngO hay giao the nao? tiep) dugc giao mgt each tu giac, tich cue • Npi dung cac mon hgc thugc chuyen dudi su giam sat va giiip dd cua thiy (Bg nganh dao tao ^ao vien ti&ig Anh GDBT, 2006:12) dang dugc ap dung l^ii KNN, dac biet la cac PPGD va KTDG ngon ngO tieng Anh co mong d6ng voi PPGD va KTDG tieng Anh 10 theo qi^i dinh chung cua Bg va theo thuc te tai b6n tnrong THPT tai TPJICM hay khong? NSng luc ngdn ngO (linguistic competence) nhu phat am dung, su dung tit vyng va cau tnic ngO phap dung, theo PPGD truyen thdng, dugc xem la muc dich cudi ciing cua giang d^y Tuy nhien, theo hudng tiep can thdng qua hoat dOng 55 giao tiep, ndng luc giao tiep thdng qua cac & Yes/No questions) dien tir vdo chd trdng ky nang nghe, noi, dgc vd vilt dugc cho (gap-fill) Budc ba (sau dgc bai) bao Id dich cudi ciing ciia gidng day, nang Iuc gdm cdc dang bai tap theo cap hoac nhdm ngdn ngii dugc cho la phuong tien dugc nham cung cd khd nang dgc hieu ciia HS cung cap de hgc sinh ren luyen, dat dugc thdng qua cac hinh thiirc hoat dgng nhu tom cac muc dich giao tilp da dinh (Bd GDDT, tat hay ke lai bai dgc bang khdu ngu hay 2006:12) but ngir vd li^n he chu de minh dang hoc Ngi dung va cau true SGK tieng vdi ddi sdng thirc (Eg GDDT, 2006:10) Anh 10 can ban Phdn Noi: gfim cdc hoat dgng luyen Sdch giao khoa tilng Anh 10 dugc kJ ndng ndi theo cac chuc nang ngdn ngU bien soan theo chuong trinh chuan tieng vd theo chu de ciia don vi bdi hgc, dugc Anh ITffT cua Bg GDDT tilp theo tieng trinh bay qua cac hoat dgng giao ti6p nhu Anh 6, Tieng Anh 7, Tieng Anh vd tilng thuc hanh ndi theo cap, thdo luan theo Anh Tieng Anh 10 dugc bien soan theo nhdm va ndi cd nhdn Muc dfch cua m6i chii diem (theme-based) gom 16 dom vi vd tiet day la nhdm phdt trien k^ ndng noi ciia sdu bai dn M5i don vi bai hgc iing vdi HS ve nhihig van de liSn quan din chii de mgt chii de cu the vd bao ghm nam muc ciia mdi bai hgc Mdi tiet day ndi cd ba den khdc bdn bdi tap (tasks) Cac bai tap mgt va hai Phdn doc: nham giup hgc sinh thudng cung cdp ngdn ngtt dau vdo va phdt phdt trien cac ky nang dgc hilu nhu; (1) trien ndng luc (competences) hay chirc dgc ludt nhanh de hilu f chfnh ciia bai nang ngdn ngii cu thi (specific functions) (skimming for the main idea); (2) doc cho HS Cac bai tap cdn Iai thudng yeu cau ludt nhanh dl tim nhiing thfing tin d^c HS, sau thuc hanh cac ndng l^rc hay biet vd can thilt (scanning for specific chiirc ndng ngdn ngir cu the, gan ket chiing information); (3) dgc vd dodn nghia cua lai, bd sung them vd biln chiing mgt tir theo ngir cdnh {guessing meaning from van bdn (chii de) cd ddi tir mdt den the context); (4) dgc hieu tat ca cac chi ti€t hai phiit de thuc hdnh ndi, cd the cd hoac bai (reading for detail); vd hai kieu khdng cd su hudng ddn hay ggi y cua GV dgc "extensive reading" vd "intensive (Bg GDDT, 2006:10) reading" (Bg GDDT, 2006:10) Phdn Nghe: Gdm cac doan vdn hay Cdc bai tap luyfn ky nang dgc hieu cac doan hdi thoai Ii6n quan den chii d€ d mdi bai dgc dugc thiet ke theo ba budc: ciia don vi bdi hgc Muc dfch chinh la Budc mgt (trudc dgc) bao gdm nhilu nham ren luyen k^ ndng nghe hilu cho HS dang bai t$p khdc nhu cdu hoi nhdm nhu nghe lay thdng tin cu the (listeningfor ggi y cho hgc sinh t$p trung vdo chii de specific information)., nghe ldy thdng tin ciia bai dgc, hay ghep hinh anh vdi tu vung chinh (listening for gist) va hai each nghe CO lien quan den ngi dung bdi dgc budc khac nhu '''^extensive listening" vd hai (trong liic dgc bdi), cd rdt nhieu kilu ""intensive listening" Ngodi ra, phdn bdi bdi tap nhdm giiip HS hieu ^ chinh, chi tilt tap luyen nghe cdn giiip ciing c6 vd chinh va tir vung dugc su dung bai nhu: sua lai nhiing sai lech ve cdeh phdt am va ghep tir vdi nghTa thich hgp (matching), su dung cau tnic ngdn ngft ciia HS Cdc cdu hdi trac nghipm diing sai (true/false budc bdi nghe ciing gidng nhu ba statements), cau hdi trac nghidm voi ba phan dgc hieu Phan bai tap trudc nghe hoac bdn lira chgn (3-4 multiple choice (Before you listen) gdm cd hai phan nhd: questions), trd Idi cau hdi (Wh-questions (1) hoat dfing theo cap hoac nhdm giup HS TAP CHI KHOA HC?C TRIJONG BAI HQC w d TP.HCM - 50 1(29) 2013 Phan trgng tam ngin ngir %am hai lam quen vdi chii di cua bai va tao thii cho cac em trudc nghe; va (2) gidi muc chinh: (1) luyen phat am nhim dn 1^ Ihieu cac tii ngii mdi HS cd the gap phai each phat am nhirng am don va am ddi nghe Muc dich cua cac bai tap la til va phat ngon; (2) van pham va t i v\mg di cap din nhflng viin di ngO tao tam the cho cac em chuan hi nghe Phin bai tap liic nghe {While phap vii tir vimg dugc cho la trgng tam cua you listen) gom hai din bon nhiem vu don vi bai hgc Nhiing vin ii dugc (tasks) yeu ciu HS nghe va thuc trinh bay dudi hinh thirc bdi tap hay boat hien cac nhiem vg nhu khdp ndi thdng tin dgng giao tiip di HS thuc hanh (matching), trie nghiem dung sai (true/ Do dd, nhu vira md ta d tnen, cac false), trac nghiem khach quan vdi bdn chuyen gia bi6n soan SGK tieng Anh ldp phuong dn lua chgn (4-option multiple- 10 ludn man theo djnh hudng chung dia choice questions), tra loi cac cau hdi (Yes- Bd GDDT: nghTa lii muc tieu cudi cing No or /and Wh-ijuestions) Hiu het cac ma ngudi hgc phai da: dugc sau hoan nhiem vu phan nhim kiem tra chucmg trinh tieng Anh Idp 10 theo kha nang hieu chi tiet chinh va phu bd SGK dang dugc su dung hien tai la bai nghe cua HS nSng luc giao tiep theo 16 chu dc Phan bai t^p sau nghe (.After you SGK thdng qua bdn ky nSng ngdn ngir nhu listen) nhim cung cd ky nSng nghe hiiu nghe, ndi, dgc va viet va nang luc ngdn ciia HS thdng qua cae boat dpng tdm tat ngir (tir vung, phat am va van pham) dugc hay ke l?i bai nghe dudi hinh thuc ndi hoac xem nhu la phuong ti^n hd trg HS ren viit va hen he chu de minh dang nghe vdi luyen ky nang giao tiep ddi song thuc (Bg GDDT, 2006:10-11) Phmmg phap kiem tra danh gia Phin Viit gdm cac bai t|p phat triin mon tieng Anh 10 k5' nang viet cUa HS theo cac the loai van Tieng Anh 10 chu trumig theo dudng bJn khac nhu viet thu, mo ta dtt lieu, budng danh gia lien tuc (contuiuous trin thuSt Theo cac chuyen gia bien soan assessment) Cac hinh thuc Idem tra hao SGK, viet thudng dugc coi la cong viec gdm kiem ua' 10-15 phijt, kiem tra mdt khd khin ddi vdi HS Chinh vi vay tiet day tiet, va kiim tra het hgc ky hay het nam viit dugc bat dau bang mdt bai viet mau hgc Kiem tra 10-15 phut cd die dugc lien ve mgt the loai cu the nhir viet thu, md hanh d tren Idp dudi hinh thirc khau ngG ta don gian ve mgt bd phim, ke l^i mgt su hay but ngir va tap trung vao mdt kien dudi dang vSn Iran thuat, v.v Muc nhimg phin dugc day va hgc nhu dugc ke tiep bang mdt nhiem vu yeu nghe, ndi, dgc, viet ho^c ngu" 3m, ngu phdp cau HS thuc hien di tim hieu ngi dimg, cau va tir vyng Kiem tra mpi tiit va kiim tra tnic va cac td ngii thudng dugc su dung cudi ky hay cudi nam hgc tap trung vao the loai cua bai van HS dang hgc ca bdn ky nang: nghe, ndi, dgc, viil, hoSc Sau cac em dugc yeu cau thuc hinh viit ngu am, ngii pbap va tii vung Rieng ky cd hudng din (Bd GDDT, 2006:11) Theo nang ndi, khd khan ve vi?c quan Iv' va td Harmer (1999:81) each day viil ggi chiic, GV cd the lay diem tir cac bai kiem la '"Parallel writing" danh cho ngudi hgc tra khau ngfit 10-15 phiit hay tii nhftng sir d trinh so cip (Elementary) "Parallel tham gia cua HS cac tiet day ky nang writing" cd nhiing diem tuong dong vdi ndi Ti trgng cua timg ndi dung kiSm tra "the product approach to writing" - giao Bong bai kiim tra mgt tiit va cudi ky hay vien chu trgng muc lieu cua nhiem vu va cudi nam hgc dugc tinh ngang bang san pham cuoi cung (in the end product) dd nghe hiiu chiim 20%, dgc hiiu GiAo Dgc 20%, ndi 20%, vilt 20% vd sii dung ngdn ngti- 20% ^ g GDDT, 2006:13) nghe nhin (The Audio-Lingual Method); (4) Phdn irng ca hgc (Total Physical Tuy nhien triln khai thuc hien Response); vd (5) hudng tiep can ngon bg SGK mdi tir ndm hgc 2008-2009, Bd ngir thdng qua hoat ddng giao tiep (The GDDT CO hudng dan l^i phuang phap Communicative Approach) KTDG vdo thuc tl cOa cdc trudng Mon hgc thu hai thugc chuyen nganh THPT Vi?c danh gid ket qud hgc ^ p ciia giang d^y Id "Phuangphdp gidng dgy tieng HS cdn dugc thfing qua bdn ky nang: Anh " Sinh vien hgc mon vdo hgc ky nghe, ndi, dgc vd vilt, Viec kiem tra ddnh thu sdu (ndm thu ba) Mdn hgc hudng gid ket qua hgc tip cua HS can dugc thue cho sinh vien cac budc thyc hien mgt bai hien qua hai phuong thiic: thudng xuyen day ngdn ngu" d nhieu cdp khac (vi vd dinh ky, vdi nhieu hinh thiic khdc du vd long, trung cdp vd nang cao) Trong thdng qua cdc hoat ddng thuc hdnh, luyen dd cd kieu day ''Boomerang hay Engage tap bai hgc trgn ldp, kiSm tra 15 phiit, kiem - Activate- Study- (Activate)" tuang dong tra 1tiet,va kilm tra cuoi hgc tQ" Cau triic vm 'Task- Based Instruction" theo hudng ciia bai kiem tra viet mfit tiet vd cudi ky ma Bg GDDT yeu cdu GV day tieng Anh bao gom bdn phan: (1) sii dung ngon ngiJ THPT Sinh vien cung dugc tiep can cdc -vdn pham vd tir vimg (25%), (2) ky ndng budc trinh bay va hudng dan HS thuc hanh dgc (25%), (3) ky ndng nghe (25%), vd sii dung mgt cau triic, cdc ky thuat day tir ky ndng viet (25%) Nhu vay, hudng ddn vung, cdc ky thuat vd trd chai kiem tra kha chung cua Bg GDDT ve KTDG kit qua nang hieu nhd tu cua ngudi hgc, each d?.y hgc tap cua HS ldp 10 hoan todn tuong phdt dm vd cdc loai bdi tap vd ba budc thuc ddng vdi dinh hudng chung vl PPGD mdn hien mgt bai day ky nang nghe, ndi, dgc vd tieng Anh vd djnh hudng bien soan SGK viet Ngoai sinh vien ciing dugc trang bi ciia cdc chuyen gia Hay ndi cdeh khdc, kiln thdc ca bdn ve quan ly ldp hgc ngdn GV phdi day cho HS ndng lire giao tiep ngij tieng Anh, each chgn SGK vd soan thdng qua cac ky ndng ngdn ngir vd do gido dn cho bai gidng GV phdi ddnh gid ket qud hgc tap cua HS Mon hoc thir ba sinh vien phdi hoan thdng qua bdn 1^ ndng nhu nghe, ndi, dgc thdnh vao hgc ky thii bay tnrdc di vd viet kiln tap vd thuc tap tai cdc trudng THPT Noi dung ciia cdc mon hoc 6awc ap Id ''Thuc hdnh gidng dgy\ De hodn dung cho chuySn ngdnh giang day tieng mdn hgc sinh vien phdi chgn sdch Anh (?i Khoa NN - Trtforng DH Md tilng Anh 10, 11 hode 12 hoac bdt ky mgt giao trinh d^iy tieng Anh (trinh dg tir vd TP.HCM: long den trung cap) de soan gido dn tdp vi phmmg phdp gidng day giang tren ldp Day la co hgi cac em dp Vao hgc ky thii nam (nam thii ba), dung kiln thiic da hgc d hai mon hoc trudc sinh vien chuyen ngdnh giang day tieng vao bdi gidng ciia minh Anh dugc tiep can mdn hgc chuyen nganh vk phtcang phdp kiem tra ddnh gid dau ii^n\h ""Phtrang phdp gidng dgy tieng Anh 1" Ngi dung chinh mdn hgc gom Ngoai cdc mon hgc ve PPGD, smh tam PPGD khdc lich su ciia vien cung dugc trang hj kien thiic ve PPGD ngdn ngit: (1) Phuong phap ngif phuang phdp KTDG cdc ky nang ngon phap djch (The Grammar Translation ngii tieng Anh ciia ngudi hgc Cu the la cac Method); (2) Phuong phdp true tilp em dugc trang bj kien thiic ve cac phuang (The Direct Method); (3) Phuang phdp phap KTDG song song vdi cdc PPGD dd 58 TAP CHl KHOA HOC TRl/dNG BAI HQC M d TP.HCM-SO (29) 2013 dugc hgc, cac nguyen tic cin phai tuan thu thiit ke cau hdi TNKQ nhim dam bao dd lin cay cila kit qud bdi kiem tra, cdc ky thujl thiit ki bai kiim tra vdn pham va tir vimg, cac ky thuat soan cau hdi kiem tia ky nang nghe, ndi, dpe va vieL Ngoai ra'cac era cung ndm dugc cac tieu cbi de ddnh gia mdt hdi kiem tra tieng Anh nhu gia tri, dO tin c$y, hieu ling cua viec kiem tra ddi vdi viec day cda thay vd viec hgc cua trd, kha nang phan bd ciia de thi va khau td chiic kiim tra danh gid; va bdi kiiu bdi kiim tra tiing Anh nhu bai kiem tra tren Idp (class progress tests), bai thi cudi k^' (achievement tests) vd cdc loai bdi thi tiing Anh dang dugc sir dung tten the gidi hifn each GV djy va KTDG bdn ky nang ngdn ngii (nghe, ndi, dgc va viit) vd ba mdt ciia ngdn ngiJ (vdn pham, tir vung vd ngti am) vd kiim chung l?i nhiing dinh hudng ve PPGD va KTDG ma Bd GDDT vd cac chuyen gia bien soan SGK da yeu cdu GV THPT thuc hien S6 lirgng va die dilm ciia mdu nghien ciru Nhdm nghien cdu chpn mot cdeh ngiu nhiSn bdn trudng THPT sau trudng ma sinh vien Khoa NN dSn th\rc lap tdt nghiSp di thuc hien khao sat Moi trudng cd lOGV td tnidng bp mon titog Anh tai trudng THPT chgn di tham gia Da sd giao vien dang true tiep giang mdn Tdm lgi, sau phan tich cau triic tiingAnhkhdi 10 tai bdn trucmg THPT vao mdt don vi bdi hpe Irong SGK tieng Anh hpe ky II ndm hgc 201I-20I2 16.8% GV 10, PPGD ma cac chuyen gia bien so?n giang day dudi nam, 34,2% tir 5-10 nam, sdch da dinh hudng SGK, PPGD va 42.2% tren 10 nam va 7.8% tren 20 nam KTBG kit qua hgc tap cua HS theo hudng Cdng en tbu th$p du Ii£u dan Chung cua Bo GDDT, ndi dung CTTDT Mac dii Bd GDDT quy dinh (nhu da GV tiing Anh tai Khoa NN - Trudng DH Md TP.HCM - dac biet la cdc mdn hgc phdn tich) vice ddnh gid kit qud hgc tap thu$c chuyen ngdnh ve PPGD, cd the ket cua HS cin dugc thdng qua bdn ky ndng lujn ring, theo ly thuyit, sinh vien ngdiih ngdn ngiS, ket hgp mpt each hgp ly hinh giang day tieng Anh dugc trang hi kien thirc tu luan vdi TNKQ nhdm chudn bj thirc hodn loan phii hgp vdi ySu ciu ciia tdt cho vifc ddi mdi cac ky thi theo chu Bp GDDT vi PPGD tiing Anh THPT ndi truong cua Bd GDDT (trich lit tdi It^v chung vd tieng Anh 10 Tuy nhien, theo phan phdi chuang trinh THPT tren trang thuc ti, GV THPT giang d?y, kiim tra vd web cita Bg); nhifin sau khdo sat danh gid ki\ qua hoc tap cua HS nhu the cac bai kiim tra mpt tiit va de thi cudi ndo se duoc trinh bay d phan tiip theo cua hgc ky cac GV THPT bien soan (trang bai bag cao www.tailieu.vn), chi cd ky nang dgc hieu, van pham, ttr vimg va ngiJ am dugc dua KHAO SAT THirCTE vao bai kiem tra; dieu cho thdy GV Mijc tieu Dghien ciiu THPT soan di kiim tra va d i thi hudng Khao sdt PPGD vd KTDG tiing Anh theo di thi tdt nghiep THPT vd tuyin sinh Idp 10 tai bdn tnidng THPT nhim tim hiiu Dai hpe vd Cao Ddng GlAO DUG Bang S6 lirgng cSu hoi ciia tiing phan (rong dl thi mou tiing Anh Toi nghiip THPT vii Tuyin sinh DH nim 2011 va 2012 Be thi T6t nghiep Trung hoc phd thong Dl thi Tuyen sinh B^i hgc Khdi D 2011 2012 2011 2012 Van pham 31/50 (62%) 35/50 (70%) 36/80 (45%) 45/80 (56.2%) Tir vimg 9/50 (18%) 6/50 (12%) 23/80 (28.7%) 13/80(16.2%) Ngii am 5/50(10%) 5/50(10%) 5/80 (6.2%) 5/80 (6.2%) Ky nSng dgc hiiu 5/50 (10%) 4/50 (8%) 16/80 (20%) 17/80(21.2%) So lieu trSn bang cho thdy da sd cdu hdi thugc vl kiln thiic ngdn ngii (chilm 80%) sd cau hdi ve van pham nhiSu nhat Do dd cd the gia dinh rang, gido vien cdn phdi ket hgp day theo hudng giao tiep va day theo truyen thdng thi HS mdi cd the lam bdi kiem tra theo khung chimg cua de thi tdt nghiep THPT Chinh vi vdy, de tim hieu phuong phap gidng day ciia GV THPT, nhdm nghidn cuu thiet ke bdng cdu hdi khdo sdt Cau hoi tir 1-7 cd bon phuang dn lira chgn: (1) theo each day truyen thdng; (2) day theo hudng giao tilp; (3) ket hgp cd (1) va (2), va (4) each day rieng ciia GV Cau hdi khdo sat sd nham trd ldi cau hdi nghidn cuu mue tieu vd dinh hudng ve phuang phap giang day; tir cau 2-10 tren phieu khdo sat giiip nhom nghien ciiu tim hieu each day va kiem tra bon ky nang va ba mdt ciia ngdn ngii nham tim cau trd Idi cho cau hdi nghien cuu thd Cdu hoi sfi khdo sdt ve miic su dung cdc ky thuat day tir vung Cau hdi gdm hai phdn: (A) sdu ky thugt day tir vi^ng va (B) bao gom 11 ky thu^t (cac boat ddng va trd chai) giiip cho GV kiem tra khd nang hilu vd nhd tir vung ma cdc em HS vira hgc Doi vdi cau hoi sfi GV dugc yeu cau ddnh diu (x) vdo d chgn va nam miic dl GV chgn Id: (1) khfing bao gid su dyng; (2) hilm su dung; (3) thinh thoang cd su dung; (4) thudng hay sur dyng vd (5) ludn luon su dung CJ cudi cdu 8, cd yeu cdu GV giai thich dfii vdi nhiing ky thudt khfing bao gid sii dung Cdu so khao sat tim hieu hinh thiic kidm tra 10 -15 phiit vd cdu so 10 yeu cdu GV liet ke hinh thiic cau hdi ciia bai kiem tra viet mgt tiet vd thi cudi hgc ky bdi vi theo quy dinh chimg ciia Bg (Bg GDDT, 2008) ciu tnic ciia bdi kiem tra mfit tiet vd thi cufii hgc ky giong Ngodi ra, nhom nghien cuu cdn thu thap dft lidutii\rctd tir cac bdi kiem tra mdt tiet til cac trudng ndy, doi chidu bdi kiem tra vdi thfing tin ve hinh thuc kiem tra ma GV cung cap d cau hdi sfi va sfi 10 de kiem chung tin cay cua dii lieu ma GV cung cap Cdc budc t h ^ hifn Nhdm nghien ciiu thuc hien vide phat bang cdu hdi va thu lgi sau mgt tudn Ngodi ra, nhdm ciing thu thap tir dl kiem tra mgt tidt vua dugc th\rc hidii tai cac trudng Tong sfi bdi kiem tra thu thdp tii bdn trudng la bdn de Sau tien hdnh tdng hgp sfi lieu va phdn tich kit qud KtT QUA VA BINH LUAN Tdng sfi phieu phdt la 40 phieu va nhdm nghien cuu thu l?ii dii 40 philu; nhien dfii vdi nhdm ba cd mgt phieu khfing hgp 1^ (do GV chgn hai phuong dn trd ldi klii dugc yeu cau chgn mOt bdn phuang an) vd nhdm bon ciing cd mdt TA= CHi KHOA HOC TRUONG DAI HOC M d TPHCM-SO 1(29)2013 phiiu khdng hgp le Do dd ket qua phan tich dudi day d^a tren 38 mau (nhdm 1:10 mau, nhdm 2: 10 mau, nhdm 3: mlu vd nhdm 4: mau) Thdng tin ve hmh thirc kiim ua 10 - 15 phut va mgt liet ma GV cung c dp khdng dugc sir dyng di phan tich bdi vi c6 nhieu GV bd ttdng khdng ghi gi ed hoSc ghi khdng chinh xde cac Ihuat ngO dugc su dung di md td hinh thuc cau hdi di thi tieng /^nh Hon niia, ddi chiiu bai kiim tra mdt tiet cua moi Irudng vdi thdng tui vi hinh thirc kiera tra mdt tiit cung cd nhiiu sai lech Do do, dir liSu vi binh thdc kiem Ira ciia GV dugc phan tich dudi day dugc thu thdp tir bdi kiim tra mpt tiit giUa hpe ky II cua nam hgc ndy Phan tich va binh luan ket qua cua mdi nhom Nhdm cd diim hiyen sinh vao ldp 10 cao nhat (3 5,25) nhdm (29,75), nhdm (32,5) va nhdm (27,5) dd ve phuong phap giang day cd mdt sd khdc biet so vdi ba nhdm cdn lai Diem khac biet thii nhit la da sd GV cda nhdm I cho ring muc tieu gidng d^iy la giup cho HS phai ndm vOng cd nang luc ngdn ngu va phdi dat dugc muc HSu giao tiip Diiu hoan todn tuong ddng vdi each d?y bdn ky nang ngdn ngO ciia GV, chu ttpng luyen ky nang nhieu hon Id nang luc ngdn ngii Khac biet thii hai so vdi ba nhdm cdn lai la GV il su dung ky diuat dich sang tiing Viet day tu vung vd cac ky thuat GV sii dung nhiiu nhu la gidi lliich nghta cua lir mdi bdng tieng Anh, sii dimg tinh hudng va vi du, tir ddng nghiatrdl nghia vd gido cu true quan Khi day vdn pham GV eung hudng cho HS su dyng cdc diim van pham di thuc hanh giao tiep Dieu cho thiy trinh dd cua HS anh hirdng din cdeh d?y cua GV.Tuy nhien cd mpt so diim tiromg ddng vi phuong phdp kiem tra danh gia nhu (1) bai kiem tra gdm bdn phin chinh: van pham, tii vimg, ngd dm va ky ndng dpe hieu; (2) sd lugng cdu bdi ve van pham nhieu nhit; va (3) cau hdi TNKQ chiim hon 70% sd diem ciia todn bdi Bang So sanh can true cua bai kiem tra m^t tiel cna bon nhom Ty If phin trim cda timg phan Iren ca bai kiim tra NTidm Nhdm Nhdm Nhdm Boc hieu 10% ! 10% 10% 10% Tir vung 19% 28% 44% 10% NgO* am 10% 8% 10% 10% Van pham 61% 54% 36% 70% Tdng sd cau hdi 38 45 SO 40 TNKQ 78.9% 77.7% 100% 87.5% | Ket qua tong hffp cna boa nhdm van pham, lii vung va phat am Duy nhat Sd lieu tdng hgp bdn nhdm GV cho mpt GV (1/38 chiim ty le 2.6 %) ddng y thdy da so GV (23/38, ty le 50.5%) chgn vdi rave tieu Bp GDDT dua nghia Id rauc lieu ma HS phai dat dugc sau HS phai dat dupe nang Iuc giao tiep theo hoan thdnh chuang ttmh tieng Anh 10 la 16 chu di SGK Muc ti6u GV dua chi nam viing ba mdt cda ngdn ngd nhu hoan todn tuong ddng vdi each thiet GIAO DUC ke de kiem tta nhu dd de cdp d tren ciing nhu each GV khai thdc bai gidng Mac dii theo SGK, GV phai day bdn ky nang ngdn ngd, nhung tiin hanh bdi giang, GV chii trgng phan day tu vimg nhieu hom la ky ndng la day dpe hiiu Ddi vdi vdn ph?m, 42% GV day theo kiiu dien giai va 37% GV hudng cho HS sii dung di viet vd ndi Phin d?y ndi, 50% GV cd sir linh dpng cho phd hgp vdi ttinh dp cua HS va chi cd 4/38 GV (chiim ty le 10.5%) day theo dinh hudng cda Bp (Task-based uistruction) Tuong tu day nghe GV (48%) cung cd su linh d^ing ttong vice lua chgn each day cho phil hgp vdi ttinh cda HS Tuy nhien, day chti ttpng phan ky ndng nghe hon Id ngdn ngO (34% theo cdeh d?y top-down processing), dsiy chd ttpng phdn ngdn ngii: trudc (13% theo each day bottom-up processing) Khi day viet GV (60%) cung cd su linh dpng cho phil hgp vdi trinh dp HS chu khdng theo hudng ddn cua SGK vd cd mgt GV khdng day viet Ddi vdi td v^mg, GV thudng hay su dung tu dong nghTa hoae ttdi nghTa de day til vung (TB cgng: 3.9/5) va mdc sd dung k-y thuat cao nhat Dich sang tieng Viet xip hang thii hai (TB cdng: 3.7/5); ki din la gidi thieh nghia bing tieng Anh (TB cdng; 3.6/5), sil dung gido cu tnrc quan (TB cdng: 3.5/ 5), vi d\f va tinh hudng (TB cgng; 3.3/5) Ky thujt It su dung nhdt la ngdn ngd hinh the (TB cpng: 3.2/5) Kit qua ndy cho thay each day lu vgng cda G V it ho ai; cho HS phat triin ky nang ngdn ngd Bang Diim TB cong miic d$ sir dung cac ky thudt day tu* vung dirtfc xep theo thv h^ tii cao nhat den thap nhat Ky thugt dgy tic vtmg Blim TB cgng Tu ddng nghia hode ttai nghTa 3.9/S Djch sang tieng Viet 3.7/S Giai thich nghia cua lit bing tiing Anh 3.6/5 Gido cu true quan (hinh anh, vat that) 3.5/5 Vi du va tinh hudng 3.3/5 Ngdn ngir hinh the, cu chi dieu bp 3.2/5 K t T LUAN VA Dfe X U A T Td kit qud phan tich d tren, cd the kit luan ring: (1) muc tieu md cac em HS phdi d^t dugc sau xong mdn tieng Anh Idpl ma Bg GDDT cflng nhu cac chuyen gia bien sogn SGK dinh hudng hodn todn khac vdl mye lieu ciia38GVtirbdn trudng THPT tai TP.HCM; (2) GV dd khdng dp dung PPGD vd KTDG theo quy dinh cua Bg Nghia la, mdt mat GV phai hoan cac phin djy ky ndng ngdn ngtt tbeo SGK; nhiSn cdeh trien khai bai day cho thiy GV vin cdn hudng vi cdeh d?y ttuyen flidng chu ttgng den ndng lire ngdn ngii hon la ky ndng giao tiep; va (3) su khdc biet vi uiifc tieu di va PPGD ddn din mdt sir khac biet niia la PP KTDG kit qua hgc tap cua HS Ket qua tren cd y nghTa rat Idn ddi vdi gidng vien dang true tiep day cac mdn hgc thupe chuyen ngdnh giang day tiing Anh Ve PPGD, cd the ket ludn rdng sinh vien chung ta dugc trang hi day du kiin thuc cd the dap ung nhu cau gidng day tiing Anh theo cdeh md 38 GVTHPT dang dp dung vd d?y theo hudng giao tiip nhu TAP.CHi KHOA HOC TRL/ONG DAI HQC M d TP.HCM - SO (29) 2013 cdc chuyen gia bien sopi SGK cihig nhu huynh va cda loan xd hdi Kit qua cda nghien cdu mdi khdng nhihig giup GV da B0 GDDT da dinh hudng sdn Mac dii nhdm nghien cim da dat va dang true tiep giang day ma cdn trang dupc muc lieu de mdt sd ban che ttong bi nhQng bi quyit cho nhflng tan GV ma qua trinh thuc hien de tai nghien ciiu nay; chung ta dang dao tao tai trudng (I) vdi bang can hdi dupc thiet ki, nhdm nghien ciiu chua tim hiiu dupc nhung nguyen nhan tai GV khdng thi dp dung dgy theo hudng giao tiep nhu Bp da hudng din hode nhihig khd khan ma GV gap phai qud ttmh giang day cdc ky ndng ngdn ngtt; (2) dtt lieu vi PP KTDG ket qud hgc tdp cua HS vdn cdn han chi Be xuat Ddi vdi thdnh vien thyc hien di tai nghito cihi, n& nghien ciiu Iai van de tten pham vi rdng hon vd ngi dung sdu ban, ddc biet Id can tim hieu nhimg trd ngai md GV THPT gap phdi gidng d?y theo hudng giao tiep nhdm tim ta hudng khic ph(ic bdi vi dgy tiing Anh giiip cho HS giao tiip tdt khdng chi la ky vpng cua Bg GDDT ma cdn la mdi quan tdm cua nhiiu bdc phu Ddi vdi gidng vien phu trach cdc mdn hgc chuyen nganh, can cho sinh viSn biit thvc ttang vi gidng dgy tiing Anh d THPT hi|n nham gidp cho cac em chuin bi trudc ve mat tam ly de tranh nhdng bd ngd cd CO hdi cp xat vdi thuc ti Mpe du kit qua nghien ciiu cho thay npi dung cdc mdn hgc ve PPGD ma cdc em smh vien Khoa NN dupc trang bj trudc Ichi trudng, nhung cdc em cd dp dimg thdnh cdng hay khdng cdn phu thu$c vdo nhiiu yiu to khdc nhau, ddc biet la ky nang ngdn ngu cua cdc em diing Idp.Vi v|y, chdng ta can chu trpng din phin phdt ttien va cai thi^n ky ndng ngdn ngii cua cdc em sinh vien qua trinh hgc bdi vi ky ndng ngdn ngfl tot la mpt yeu td quan ttgng giup cdc em gidng day cdng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bg Giao Dye vd Dao Tao, (2003) English Language Teaching Methodology, Teacher's workbook Hd Ndi Bd Gido Due va Ddo Tao, (200S),Tiing Anh 10, Tdi bdn Idn thd 2, NXB Gido due Bp Giao Due va Ddo Tao, (2im),TiingAnh 10 (sdch gido vien) , NXB Gido Dye Bp Giao Due vd Dao Tao, (2008) Tdi lieu phdn phdi chuang Irlnh THPT: Mdn Tieng Anh (dugc dp dung td ndm hpe 2008-2009) Cd thi tim tir ttang web cua Sd Gido Due va Dao Tao TP.HCM (http;//edu.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/ GDTnmgHoc/Anh) Doff A (1988) reac/.£«g/«/!:Attaining course for teachers, tiamer'shandbook Cambndge University Press m association with The British Council Freeman L D (2000) Techniques and Principle In Language Teaching, 2" Ed Oxford Uraversity Press Hanner, J (1998) How to leach English Longman Hanner, J (2007) The Practice ofEnglish Language Teaching 4^^ Ed.Longman Heaton, J ^ (1989) Writing English Language Tests New Edition USA: Longman and New York GIAO DUC 10.Nguyen, Thdy Nga (2009) Khdo sat muc dp dap ling nhu cdu ngudi hpe va nhu cdu xd hdi cda chucmg trinh ddo tao Phuong Phap gidng day tieng Anh tai tnidng DH Md TP.HCM De tdi nghien cuu khoa hgc cdp truang Trudng DHMd TP.HCM 11 Spratt, M.,PuIvemess, A; Williams, M (2011) The TKT Course: Modules 1, and 3.2"^ Ed The United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press 12 Truong, Vien(2011).Phan tich nhu cau tuyen dung -de xuat ddi mdi chuong trinh ddo tao vd gido ttinh ngdnh Cu nhan Su phgm tieng Anh Tgp chl Khoa hgc so 68, Trudng DH Ngoai Ngir, Dai hgc Hui (Ngiy nhdn bai: 24/08/2012: Ngdy chdp nhdn ddng: 05/10/2012) ... So sanh can true cua bai kiem tra m^t tiel cna bon nhom Ty If phin trim cda timg phan Iren ca bai kiim tra NTidm Nhdm Nhdm Nhdm Boc hieu 10% ! 10% 10% 10% Tir vung 19% 28% 44% 10% NgO* am 10% ... tieng Anh 10 Tuy nhien, theo phan phdi chuang trinh THPT tren trang thuc ti, GV THPT giang d?y, kiim tra vd web cita Bg); nhifin sau khdo sat danh gid ki\ qua hoc tap cua HS nhu the cac bai kiim tra. .. hgc, dugc Anh ITffT cua Bg GDDT tilp theo tieng trinh bay qua cac hoat dgng giao ti6p nhu Anh 6, Tieng Anh 7, Tieng Anh vd tilng thuc hanh ndi theo cap, thdo luan theo Anh Tieng Anh 10 dugc bien