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No,08June 201SlSd 08 Thing 6 nim 2018|p, 107 112 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DAI HQC TAN T R A O ISSN 2 3 5 4 1 4 3 1 http //tckh daihoctantrao edu vn/ Boi diroifig nang lyc day hpc mon khoa hoc tu* nhien cho ^a[.]
No,08June 201SlSd 08 - Thing nim 2018|p, 107-112 T A P CHi K H O A H O C DAI H Q C T A N T R A O ISSN: - http://tckh daihoctantrao.edu.vn/ Boi diroifig nang lyc day hpc mon khoa hoc tu* nhien cho ^ao vien tnr&ng trung hpc CO" so* Hodng Thi Chen"" 'Khoa Hda hpc Trudng DHSP Thai Nguyen *Email: haangchiemlhtn@gmail.com Thong tin bai viet T o m tiit Ng^ nhdn bdi: 22/03/2018 Ngdy duyfl ddng: 12/6/2018 LTnh vttc giio dpc Khoa hpc Tp nhifin (KHTN) cd uu thd hinh tiianh vfi phat tndn cho hpc sinh cic phim chit nhu b; bn, ttung thpc, cac nfing lpc tim hidu vi khira phfi the gidi tu nhien qua quan sat v i thuc nghifira; nang luc vfin dung tdng hop kien thttc khoa hpc dd gifii quydt vin dd cudc sdng, img xit vai nhifin phtt hop vdi yfiu clu phit tndn bdn vihig xfi hpi vfi mdi ttudng Bfii viet sau diy de cgp ddn vific bdi dudng cho giio vifin ning luc tim hidu thd gidi tu nhifin thdng qua each td chttc cic hoat d$ng khim phi v i bio ve mdi trudng nhira dip fing dupc nhthig yeu cau ctta dgy hpc mdn KHTN ttong chuong trinh trudng trung hpc ca sd (THCS) Tu khod: Boi dudng gido vien, khoa hpc lu nhien, trien ndng luc, khdm ihien nhien, bda vi tntdng mon phdt phd mdi I Dat van de Khoa hpc tu nhifin la ITnh vpc nghifin cfin ve thd gidi tu nhifin, nghien cfin cfic quy lufit vfin dpng vfi phit tridn chung nhit ctta gidi br nhien Kidn thttc cfia lmh vuc KHTN cd thd ddn ttt cfic phin mdn khic nhu Sinh hpc, Vit ly, Hda hpc, Khoa hoc Trai Dit v i khfing gian, thiet kd theo cic chfi de, thd hifin cfic nguyen ly vfin d^ng, phit tridn chung cfia gidi tv nhifin, Cic nguyfin ly dd bao gdm: (I) Sp da dang (2) Mfi huih v i hfi thdng (3) Ning lupng, (4) Tuong tic Cac chfi dd nfiy bao gdm npi dung cdt loi cic khii nifim frong cfi khoa hpc v i ddi sdng v i ttt nhifin.'cung cip rapt su hieu bidt rpng rii vd mdi ttudng, gittp xfiy dung rapt ndn ting ma dpa vio dd hpc sinh (HS) cd tild nghifin cttu siu them d cic cip hpc cao ban Phfit ttidn ning lpc day hpc KHTN cfia giiP vifin (GV) li mfit nhQng van dd cip tiiiet dd tiiuc hifin tdt chuong trinh giio due (GD) phd tiidng mdi n Npi dung nghien ciru Muc hdu cfia Ittih vuc GD KHTN nhim hudng ddn su hidu bidt toan difin ve su vgn hfinh cfia Trii Dit, vd tic dfing cfia ngudi len Trfii Dat v i nhttng hanh dpng ngudi cd tiie lira dd bio ve hinh tinh sdng niy Dd dat dupc cic muc tieu viec day hpc KHTN ddi hdi ngudi GV phfii cd nhtbig hieu bidt sau sic cic kien tiittc cua iTnh vuc, cd ning luc day hpc khoa hpc theo quan didm dgy hpc tich hpp, lifin mdn, da ngfinh bxing phgm vi cic chtt dd khoa hpc nhifin Do dd, nfii dung bdi dudng nang Ivc dgy hpc mdn khoa hpc Tu nhifin cho giao vien d trudng THCS cin hudng tdi cac nfii dung sau Boi dvong nang l^v thiet ke muic tieu day hfc khoa hpc tir nhien Dgy hpc ITnh vuc KHTN dupc tridn khai theo djnh hudng phit tndn nfing luc, theo dd rauc bfiu bii hpc djnh hudng vao viec md ti kdt qui hpc tfip mong dpi (cic ning, ning luc hpc sinh sfi phai dat dupc), chtt khdng phai li n$i dung kidn thttc dupc giao vien ttuyen thu Cfic ning/nfing luc mong mudn hinh thinh d ngudi hpc dupc xfic djnh mpt cich rd ring, cd the quan sit, dinh gii dupc 1.1 Mac tiiu vi kiin thUc vd kt ndng cda Unh vuc KHTN Id hinh thdnh vd phdt triin ndng hfc khoa hgc (scientihc literacy) 107 .ff.r.Cftiew/No OS J u n e 2018|p 107-112 Ddi vdi cap THCS, ning lire khoa hpc cd flie gdra ba hpp phin: - Xic dinh van dd khoa hoc - Giii thich hifin tupng mdt cich khoa hoc - Stt dung bing chfing khoa hpc Cic chi sd hinh vi cfia ning luc dupe md ta qua cae bidu hien ctta ning luc tim hidu tu nhien [2, frang 47-49],ddli - Hidu bidt kidn tiittc khoa hoc, - Tbn tdi v i khim phi the gidi tu nhifin - Vfin dung kidn tiittc vio flivc tien, fing xtt vdi tti nhien phfi hpp vdi yfiu ciu phit tridn ben vthig v i bao vfi mdl trudng 1.2 Muc tieu ve thdi cua Wnh vuc gido due ndy Id hmh thdnh phdm chdt: Cd trdch nhi^m vdi mai trudng {2, trang 16] - sdng hda hap, thfin thifin vdi thien nhien - Cd y thttc tira hieu v i sin sang tham gia eae hoat ddng tuyen truyen, chira sdc, bio ve tiiifin nhifin; phin ddi nhflng hinh vi xfim hgi thifin nhifin - Cd y thttc tim hieu v i sin sing tham gia cac hoat ddng tuyen ttuyen vd bien ddi hfiu vfi fing phd vdi bien ddi hfiu Boi duong nang lm: thiet ke noi dung day hoc Chuang trinh tdng thd di xic dinh djnh hudng ndi dung chuong trinh mdn KHTN THCS, npi dung giio due KHTN ticb hpp cac kidn tiittc ky ning vd Vit ly, Hda hpc v i Sinh hoc Cac kien thttc, ky ning niy dupc td chttc theo cic ragch npi dung (vfit chit, su sdng, ning lupng Trai Dit vfi blu ttxn), the hifin cac nguyfin ly, quy luit chung cfia tiid gidi tu nhien (tinh clu ttfic, su da dgng, su tuong tic, tinh hfi tiidng quy lufit vfin ddng vfi bidn ddi), ddng thdi bing budc phin anh vai ttd cfia KHTN ddi vdi su phat tridn xfi h$i v i sv vfin dung kidn thttc KHTN frong stt dung vi khai tiiic til nguyfin tiiicn nhien rafit cich bdn vihig, De tiiuc hifin cic npi dung nay, cau trttc npi dung mdn KHTN gdm cac chtt dd phan mdn (Vfit ly, Hda hpc, Sinh hpc) vi cac chu dd lien mdn, nhim hinh tiiinh nhgn tiittc ve cac nguyen ly, quy lugt chung ctta tiid gidi tu nhifin vai frd cfia khoa hpc br nhifin ddi vdi su phit ttidn cfia x i hdi v i budw dau van dpng dupc bdn tiittc KHTN frong stt dpng vfi khai tiiic tii nguyfin thifin nhifin mpt cfich bdn vttng [2 frang 19] Theo dd, n^i dung mdn KHTN sfi dupc thidt kd tiieo cie chfi dd phin inh quy luit chung nhit cua gidi tu nhifin Kidn thttc d mdi phin mdn khoa hpc dupc stt dpng lim nguyen lieu/vi du thd hifin cho cic nguyfin ly chung do, Bfin canh dd, cic chtt dd lien mdn dupc xfiy dpng dua ttfin tiep cfin logic cuflc sdng, ndi dung dupc lua chpn cin phii hfin quan m|t thidt vfi cd y nghTa ddi vdi ddi song ngudi Vi vay, GV can cd ning luc thidt Ifip mdi lien hfi gida cac ITnh vuc kidn thttc nhu sau' 2.1 vi npi dung ve cdc nguyin ly chung cita pdi tu nhiin a Ve su da dgng: Nhfin thttc dupc the gidi bao gdra cac suih vfit sdng v i cic ydu td phi sinh vgt Su da dgng frong the gidi tu nhien vfi nhan tgo gittp tri sp can bing cac hfi sinh tilii v i eung d p cho ngudi nhiing tai nguyfin hihi ich b Ve tinh cau true: Nhin thttc dupc hpc tgp khoa hpc thudng sfi dung cic md hinh vit ly, md hinh cac khii nifim va cic md hinh toin hoc Dd li nhihig dgi difin di dupc dan giin hda cho cic hifin tupng, dupe xfiy dung de tao dieu kien cho vific hieu biet cic qufi trinh vfi cac ciu trttc khdng the dupc quan sit true ttdp, hofic de dua du dofin mpt cich hpp ly v i dfi ding hon c Ve tinh hf thong: Hieu dupc hfi thong li mpt tdng thd bao gdm cac bp phgn kdt hpp vdi dd thpc hien rapt chttc nfing Cd cic hfi flidng tu nhien nhu hfi ttfiu hda he sinh sin ; cung cd nhttng hfi tiidng nhin tao nhu mach dien Cac bp phgn eua mpt hfi thdng anh budng den d Ve s^ tucmg tdc: c i n nhin thttc dupc ring nghifin cttu ve sp tuong tfic gitta v i cac hfi thdng gittp ngudi hidu r5 ban ve radi trudng vfi vii trd ctta ngudi ttong do, nhin bidt dupc ed su tuong tie gitta cic sinh vgt sdng v i radi trudng d cfic cip dp khic nhau: tuong tac xay frong ca thd sinh vfit, gifta sinh vfit vdi sinh vgt va gitta cac suih vgt v i radi ttudng Tuong tfic gitta cfic luc vfi cic ddi tupng, gitta vat chit vfi nfing lupng Cac hiong tic niy thudng di kem su chuydn hda vfit chat va ning luong Su brong tic cfia ngudi vdi moi frudng cfia minh din tdi su phat frien cfia Khoa hpc va Cdng nghfi Ddng thdi, Khoa hpc v i Cdng nghfi anh hudng ddn cfich rai ngudi tuong tfic vdi moi trudng ctta rainh 2.2 GV chn thiit %> duac mdi quan hi pita cdc kiin thirc thupc pham vi mdt sd Bnh v^c ca bdn a Khi quyen vd vS trtf: H.T.Chien/^o.OS June 2018|p.l07-112 Md ti v i dupc cfic yeu td bau dan giin frong mdl trudng dia phuong, qua dd dinh gifi dupc vai frd cfia cac ydu td niy frong qufi frinh sin xuit luong thttc, hidu dupc vai frd ctta quydn ddi vdi su sdng ctta cic loai ddng, thpc vit, ddng tiidi cd ning xic dmh dupc cic khu sinh hpc chinh tgi dia phuong v i fren thd gidi b Cdc dgng dat, tho nhuong vd khodng vgt: Biet dupe ring dit ludn vgn ddng, hieu dupc: - Dit dupc hinh thfinh nhu tbd nio'' - Dat chtta cic sinh vgt vfi giup cfiy phfit tridn - Dat bj xdi mdn va bgc miu Hidu dupc mdi quan he gitta dit v i cic sinh vgt, ttiiy dupc ring ngudn tii nguyen khoing vgt ttfin Trfii Dit la hihi hgn c Thuc vgt vd dgng vgt: Bidt v i cd khfi ning xic dinh duqrc vd sd cic loii dfing, thuc vfit frong mdi trudng sdng ctta minh cim nhfin dupc y nghia ctta mang ludi su sdng v i chudi tiittc in, hidu dupc su tuang tic khdng ngttng gitta dat, quyen thuc vat (tic nhfin sfin xuit), dpng vgt v i ngudi (tic nhan tifiu thu) Ddng tbdi cttng nhfin tiittc dupc Stt suy gifim cic loii sinh vgt nguy cip d mttc d$ dja phuong v i toin clu, cic mdi de dpa ddi vdi chfing v i cac bien phap bao ton d Ndng lugng: Nhgn bidt dupe su tdn tai ctta ning lupng dudi cic dgng khic v i kbi ning kidra soit nfing luang cfia ngudi, hidu dupc cfic chu trinh ning luong vfi ning lupng bit ngudn b^ mfit frdi hidu bidt vd ngudn gdc hinh thinh nhifin lifiu hda thach va tac dpng ngudi giy stt dung loai nhifin hfiu nfiy e Nu&c: Hidu ring nudc Ifi ydu td khdng thd thidu ddi vdi su sdng, til nguyen nudc cd vai frd die bifit quan frong ddi vdi ngudi, hidu rd vd chu trinh cfia nudc frong b; nhifin, nhin thttc duac vln de d nhilm nudc cflng nhu sv cd hgn cfia tai nguyfin nudc g Con ngudi: Hidu biet vd vin hda vfi y nghia cfia vfin hda ttong ddi sdng ngudi, bidt rd dupc ngudi dfi sdng vfi stt dvng cic tii nguyen ctta cic mdi ttudng khfic nhau, flily vific su dung tii nguyfin bdn vihig frong cfic nen vin bda khac nhin Uittc dupc su gia tfing dfin sd v i sv tic dpng ctta nd doi vdi nguon tii nguyfin fren Trai Dit, hidu dupc phuang tiittc ngudi stt dpng v i tic dpng ddn mdi trudng frong ddi sdng hfing ngiy Nang lin: thiet ke boat dong d^y hpc KHTN 3.1 Theo dinh httdng chung Dgy hpc KHTN cin i p dung cfic phuong phip tich cue hoa hogt dpng ctta ngudi hpc, ttong dd gifio vien ddng vai frd td chttc, hudng din hoat dpng chp hpc sinh, tgo mdi trudng hpc tgp thfin thien vfi nhflng tinh hudng cd van dd dd khuydn khich hoc sinh tich cue thara gia vio cic hogt dpng hpc tfip, tv phit hifin ning Ivc nguyfin vpng cua bin than, ren luyfin thdi quen va ning hpc, phit huy tiera ning v i nhthig kien thttc ky ning da tich luy dupc dd phit tridn [2] Cic hogt dpng hpc tap KHTN ctta hpc sinh bao gdra hogt dpng kham phfi vin dd, hoat dpng luyfin tgp v i hogt dpng thpc bfinh - ttng dung nhihig didu dfi hpc de phat hifin v i giii quyet nhihig vin dd cd thpc frong ddi sdng Cic boat dpng hpc tgp cd thd duac td chttc vfi ngoii khudn vien nhfi ttudng tiidng qua mOt sd hinh thttc nhu, hoc ly thuydt, thpc hifin tiii nghifim, ttd choi, ddng vai, du in nghien cihi., Tuy tiieo muc tifiu v i tinh chit cfia hoat dpng, hpc sinh cin dupc td chttc lfim vific dpc lip, lim vific theo nhdm hofic lira vific chung c i ldp, Tuy nhien, dtt Ifim vific dfic Ifip, thep nhdm hay theo don vi ldp, radi hpc smh ddu phfii dupc tgo dieu kien dd tu minh thuc hifin nhifim vu hpc tgp v i frii nghiem thue td [2], Giio vifin cin thidt kd hogt dOng dgy hpc khoa hpc br nhifin theo chtt de Bfin ke hoach dgy hpc (tiiidt kd bfii hpc) sfi thd hifin mdt each co bfin ning luc day hpc KHTN ctta giio vifin 3.2 Vidu minh hga Kd hogch day hpc chtt dd: Hogt dfing ctta hfi sinh tilii (tiieo [3]) Myc lieu: Giup hpe suih bidt dupc nhthig Ipi ich khic raa hfi sinh thii raang lai cho dit dai, ddng vgt v i ngudi thdng qua rapt sd thi nghifira (TN) Kiin thuc- Tich hpp cic ITnh vuc* quydn va vfl trp, dit, thd nhudng v i khoang vfit thuc vgt v i d^ng vfit, nudc Npi dung eua hogt dgng Hogt dfing thuc hinh v i ttil nghifim ctta hpc sinh (2 tiet/2 ngiy) Chudn bj: - Cic td rdi dd phat cho mdi hpc sinh, mdi nhdm, cic nguyfin lifiu cin thiet cho mdi nhdm theo npi dung thi nghifim - Chuin bj dia diera: phdng hpc r$ng khu vuc ngoai ttdi dd cic nhdm HS tien hinh tbi nghifim frong ngfiy tiitt nhit, thio lufin frong ngiy thtt hai Tien hdnh: ff.r,CAi>n/No,08June2018|p.l07-I12 Ngdy 1: Ldm thi nghiem 1) Bit diu hogt ddng GV tiidng bio cho HS biet ring cac hfi sirdi thii xung quanh chttng ta ludn vgn dpng khdng ngimg raang lgi cho ngudi nhihig loi ich thidt thuc Trong boat ddng niy, cie em sg tan mat tbiy duac su vfin dfing bihi ich dd cfia cfic hfi smh thai Chia Idp thinh nhdm HS, mdi nhdm lim I TN tgi mdt khu vuc khfic Tit c i cic tiianh vifin frong nhdm khdng duoc thio luin vdi thinh vifin nhdm khac ve thi nghifim cfia nhdm minh 2) Yfiu cau cic nhdm dpc ki bfin md ti tiii nghifim de ttdn hanh thi nghiem, yfiu ciu ttinh bay tdm tit vd each Uen hfinh v i bao cfio kdt qufi thi nghiem ctta nhdm vao ngiy hdm sau, yfiu ciu vd fliao luin va tim cau ttfi ldi cho muc Chuyfin gi se xiy ra? ttong ban rad ti thi nghifira Ngdy 2: Trinh bdy ket qud thi ngkifm vd ket noi thong lin 1) Phat td rdi Hoat dpng ctta hfi sinh thii cho mdi hpc sinh Yfiu cau eic nhdra lin lupt gifii thich vd thi nghifim cfia nhdm minh qui trinh lira thi nghifira, ttinh difin thi nghifira, thao lufin vd kdt qufi thi nghifim, cung cip thdng tin nhim fri ldi cho cic cfiu hdi frong muc Cbuyfin gt sfi xiy ra? bin Md ti tiii nghifim cua minh 2) Sau moi nhdm bio cio xong, timg HS dua vio td rdi Hoat dpng ctta hfi sinh thii dd tim xem thi nghifim cua nhdm ttng vdi hogt d$ng nio ctta hfi smh tilii Khi hpc sinh lua chpn xong, de nghi cac era so sinh ket qui vdi dip in 3) Thio lufin vdi HS, Hfi sinh thai di gittp ich cho ngudi nhu thd nio? HS se Ifim gi di bfio vfi eac hfi sinh thil? Cdc td rdi: Tor roi 1: Mo ta thf nghiem 1: Nirde ban - Nuoc s^ch Nguyin Uiu: Chai nhpa (chai dung nudc khoing) cit lam ddi, bfing hole giiy vfi sinh, tiian hogt tinh, tiian ctti (cd flid tiiay bing sdi sgch), cit, dit, nudc v i cdc Tkuc hi4n: Lfit fip phin tt-fin cfia chai nhva, bd vfio dd mpt ldp bdng diy hoic giiy vfi sinh Sau dd, dit Ifin tten Idp bdng niy mpt ldp than hogt tinh hofic sdi rdi dd Ifin fren cfing mfit ldp cit Nen chfit va dat ntta ttfin ctta chai nhpa cira xudng nfia dudi Bd dat vio cdc nhua da cd nudc diy 1/2 cdc rdi khuay ddu cho ddn dupc mpt dung djch nudc cd mau dat, Sau dd, dd ttt bJr ede nudc niy vio ntta tten ctta chai nhua Chuyin gi se xdy ra? Md tfi dfic didra ctta, nudc dfi dupc Ipc (nudc tiiu dupc d ntta dudi chai nhua), Quan sat cac ldp vfit lifiu lpc vfi cho bidt dit dfi bj gitt lgi nhidu nhit d ldp nio? NhOng hat dit cd 110; kich thudc Idn duoc gitt Igi d Idp nio? (Idp tiian hofic sdi) NhQng hgt dit cd kich tiiudc nhd dupc gitt lgi fi ldp nfio? (Idp cit) Tai lai cd hifin tupng dd? Thao lugn Tgi nudc ao tiii due nhung nudc gieng lai frong? Cd nen stt dpng nudc ao frong ddi sdng hang ngiy (niu in, udng ) hay khdng? Lim tiid nfio dd gitt ao hd ttong sgch? Td roi 2: MS ta thi nghiem 2: Nirdc di chuyen cay Nguyen lifu: Than ciy cin tay cdn nguyen la dli cit bd rfi, dpc mfing, khoai nudc, beo tfiy, hoa hufi, tiiupc duoc, cfic 3-5 dng nghifim, thudc nhufim tiivc phira nhieu miu khac (cd tbd t h ^ bingrape),nuoc, daotiavi Idnh Ifip Thuc hien: Do nudc vio cic dng nghifim da chuin bi v i hoi mdi ong nhiem rapt logi miu thudc nhufira thuc phim khic Miu ctta thudc nhupm ttong thi nghifim dupc cot Ifi chit d nhiem dpc hgi bong nuoc tu nhien (vi dp nhu fliudc tttt sfiu, dau kun logi ning nhu thi^ ngin, chi, ) Cit bd radt doan ngin d phin dudi than cfic logi thuc vit d i chuin bj va elm vfio nhihig dng nghifim da pha miu Dd nguyen nhu vfiy den ngiy hfim sau Cic loii thuc vfit frong thi nghiem tupng trung cho cfic loii thuc vfit nudc hofic thuc vit ttong vfing dim liy nhu beo tiy, lau, lich, cd; cdn nudc di pha rafiu tupng trung cho nudc d nhiem khu vpc Ngiy hfim sau, cit tiifin cic loii thuc vfit tiii nghifim tiianh nhfhig dogn dii khoing 2-3 cm de ci nhdm cfing quan sfit Cd the dfing kinh Ittp dd quan sit rd bon, Chuyen gi se xdy ra? Md ti nhftng gi bgn nhin fliiy Bgn nhin tiiiy nudc miu d nhftng phin nao tren thin cic lofii cfiy tbi nghifim? Dieu gi dfi xiy vdi la hoac cac cinh hoa? (Khi cit than cfiy tiii nghifim, ban se nhin Uiiy nhftng vach mfiu Dd chinh li cac mao dan gifip vgn chuydn nudc vfi chat khoing den cac phan cfia cfiy Ban sfi thiy mep la va mep eae cinh hoa cd miu ctta thudc nhupm, Ndu dfing kinh lfip quan sat, ban sfi tbiy gfin Ifi va gfin canh hpa cflng phdt mau thudc nhupm) Chuyfin gi sfi xiy ndu ngudi dan bon rau bing cic logi phan bdn hoi hpc hofic phun thudc trtt siu cho rau? Ndu Ii ngudi lfim vudn, hpc sinh sE fing xtt nhu Uid nio? Cd dttng phin bdn hoa hpc va fliudc frtt siu khdng? T& rhi : Md ta thi nghiem : Didu tiet hiu Nguyen lifu: Hai cinh cay cd Ii to bfing cfia cttng mOt lofii cay Nfin chpn nhfing cay cd lfi to Hai chai thi^ tinh hofic nhua mifing h^p, to bing Th\rc hifn: Do mpt lupng nudc bing vfio hai chai thuy tmh Cira mpt cinh cay cdn nguyfin la vao mpt chai Ngit hdt lfi ctta canh cfiy cdn lgi va cim vao //.r.C/iien/No OSJune 2018IP 107-112 chai Uitt hai Bjt kin mifing cfic chai bing gily hoic ndon Can dim bfio ring muc nudc d hai chai bing Dinh dau muc nudc nfiy Dfit cfi hai chai nudc da cim cinh cay ngoii ning hoic fren bfi ctta sd, Dc nguyen hai chai qua dfim rdi quan sfit Chuy$n gi sSxdy ra? Muc nudc d hai ehai fliay ddi nhu tild nio? chai nao mit nhidu nudc hon? Tgi sao"? (Muc nudc ttong chai cfim cinh cd li tiilp hon hpi nudc bj thoit ngoii qua la Dd lfi kdt qui ctta qui ttinh thoit hoi nudc sinh ly d thuc vfit) Th roi 4: Mo ta thi nghiem : San xuat oxi Nptyin lifu: Mdt cdc thuy tinh, - dng nghifim fiiuy tmh logi nhd v i - ciy sdng nudc nhu rong ^ o i c cac loai thuc vit thi vio be ca canh) Thuc hifn: Do nudc vao day cdc tiiuy tmh Dgt vio mdl dng nghifim ciy rong rdi dd nudc vao diy ong nghifim Dttng ngdn tay cii bjt kin diu dng nghifim va ttt ttt dit dau ong nghiem vio coc nudc rdi bd tay cho khdng cd bpt ttong dng nghifim Chieu sing qua dem eho ciy lfim thi nghifim Ngay hdm sau quan sit ciy rong va cac dng nghifim Chuyen gi si xdy ra? Cd gi khac frong cfic dng nghifim'? Tgi sao*? (Ngiy hdm sau, ban sfi thay mpt bong bdng noi frong radi ong nghifira Do dupc chieu sing, ciy tien hinh quang hop v i giii phdng dxy Vi dxy nhp hon nudc nen ndi tren mfit nudc vfi bi cdc nudc gift lgi, sau mpt dfira, dxy tfip hpp lai va tao thfinh bong bdng frong cic dng nghifim) Tai nhieu ngudi cfing thd C O2 mi ndng dp CO2 frong khdng vln khdng ting? chuyfin gi sfi xfiy ndu khdng cd cay xanh? To' roi 5: Hoat dong cua be sinh thai a Thuc vfit httt nudc ttong dat nhd bd re v i tiioit hen nudc ngofii qua la thong qua qui trinh thoit hai nudc sinh ly Day la qua trinh nudc bay hoi ngoii qua cac id nhd ttfin bd mat la, Cho dfi nude vfio rfi cay li nudc sach hay nudc d nhiem, hai nudc thoit ngoii hoin toan sach Lupng hod nudc thpfit ngoii hoa vdi nudc bdc hai ttt bidn, sdng suoi,, v i hinh tiianh miy dd tgo mua, mdt qufi frinh khdng thd fliieu vdng tuin hoin nudc toin cau Trong cic hfi suih tiiai, tiivc vgt ddng vai ttd quan ttpng frong vific quydt djnh lupng nudc giii phdng vfio quydn v i dd, chttng finh hudng ddn didu kifin hgu cua khu w c (TN3) b Dat dupc ciu thinh til cfic hgt khofing chat, khdng khi, nttdc, vi sinh vgt va cic chit hOu ca khfic (do qui frinh phfin buy xic chdt dpng, tiipc vgt), Dit bao gdm nhidu ldp khic Can bing frfim nim radi cd tild hinh tiiinh nfin m$t ldp dat day vii cm Khi nudc d nhiem chiy qua cic tang dit, chat la Ittng bi gift lai, Chinh vi vfiy dat cd ning Ipc va lira sgch nudc Dat cdn gifip loai bd cic chat hoi hpc dpc bai gfiy d nhilm nhu phfin bdn, thudc trtt siu, Nhidu khofing chit ttong dit cd ning phfin ttng vdi cfic chit hoa hpc dpc hgi nay, tgo thinh kdt tfia vfi nim lgi frong dat thay vi thim vao nudc ngira Nhu vfiy, dit cd thd phi vd dpc tinh ctta mpt sd chit hoa hpc gittp giam tic ddng ddn cac loai sinh vfit (TN I) c Giong nhu cic loii ddng vgt, thuc vgt cfing cin thttc in dd song Tuy nhien, cay xanh khac vdi d$ng vfit d chd nd cd the br tgo thttc in cho minh thdng qua qufi trinh quang hpp Trong qua trinh niy, tiipo vfit dittig cacbonio (CO2), nudc v i ning lupng rafit ttdi dd tgo tiittc fin (dudng) va dxy, Chinh ngudn oxy gittp tri su sdng cho cie smh vgt d cgn Qufi trinh quang hpp tao oxy cfia ciy xanh cdn gifip gifim d nhiem khdng Nhihig chgu cay xanh dfit ttong nhi hay cdng sd cd tic dung lim cho blu khdng kbi tiifim frong linh (TN4) J Trong thin thuc vgt cd nhftng dng nhd hay cdn goi l i mgch dan cd tic dung dua nudc ttt re cfiy di khip CP thd, Ndu nudc cd cic chat nhifim ddc hgi, nhttng chit nfiy cung sfi dupe vfin chuydn ddn cfic rad cfia cfiy va s€ dupc tich tu ttong dd Didu nfiy khdng cd nghTa l i thuc vit lim cho cie chit ddc bidn mit m i chung chi lim cbo c i c chat ddc thoit mdi trudng rapt each ttt ttt vfi vdi mdt lidu lupng nhd ban rit nhieu so vdi cfic chit ddc ngim vio nudc Khi cfic loii thuc vfit nfiy chdt di, chit ddc sfi lgi dupc giii phdng mdi ttirdng Mdt lofii thpc vfit didn hinh cho khfi ning Ipc chit d nhifim lfi beo tay Khi nudc ao bj d nhiem, ham lupng chit dpc tich tu ttong thfin vfi re beo rit Idn Ngudi ta dfi ttng dung k h i nang nfiy ctta bfio tiy dd logi bd chit d nhiem ao bing each thi beo tay va vdt chung dem ddt (TN2) n i Ket luan Dd dgt dupc muc tifiu mdn KHTN d ttirdng THCS, GV cin dupc bdi dudng dd phat fridn ning luc day hpc theo cic chuyen dd, thidt kd dupc cic ke hogch bii hpc/chu dd dim bio cic yfiu ciu ctta bai hpc theo tiep cfin ning lpc: Myc hfiu bii hoc dpib hudng vfio vific md ti ket qui hpc tip mong dai Vai ttd chinh cua GV li lfim thay ddi ngudi hpc nhu sin sing tidp tiiu cic khfii nifim mdi, tich cvc tiid hifin, tich cue tuPng tic, frii nghifim, nghT vd each suy nghT, tang cudng hfing tiitt, su br tin, kich tiiich tu sang tao ctta ngudi hpc, flific diy sv tuang tic gitta giio vifin - hpc smh va gifta jipc sinh - hpc sinh, khuydn khich hpc sinh frao ddi/ttanh lugn /f.r.Cftien/No OSJune 2018|p,107-112 dinh gii chia sfi quan didm/kinh nghifira thttc diy/co vfl ttnh tiiln hpp tic, ki ning lim vific nhdm; Tao dung mdt mdi frudng hpc tfip thin thifin, hoc smh cam Ally thoii mii (khdng bi i p dfit dupc khuyen khich phit bieu/tu bfiy td quan diem ci nhan, hpc sinh eim thay y kien cua minh dupc tiitta nhan, duac tdn ttpng ), thfi, tu ttti Nhin manh vao hoat dpng tim bidu, kham phi, frii nghifim, dfic bifit lfi van dung kidn flittc de giii quydt cic tinh hudng gin vdi tiipc te cupc sdng, cac hogt dfing b; hpc qua khai tiiac, tim kiemAtfi li tiidng bn Ket tiittc bii hpc hpc sinh cim tiiay mmh tiiay ddi va bidt each thay ddi/sang tgo lai bin tiiin GV sfi li yeu td quyet djnh chat luong GD trudng phd thdng mpi ITnh vpc T A I L I $ U THAM KHAO I Nguyfin Vin Bifin (2015), Quy trinh xdy d\mg chu di lick hap vi khoa kgc Hf nhien Tap chi Khoa hpc - Trudng DHSP H i Npi, Bp (jiio dpc v i Dfio tgo (2017), Chuang trinh gido dye tdng thi Chuang trink gido due phd thong, thdng 7/2017; Matarasso, Nguyen Viet Dflng v i Dd Thj Thanh Huyen (2003), Kkdm phd tkien nhien- Hudng ddn thuc hiin gido due mdi trucmg vdi hpc sink Hi Npi, WWF Chuang trink Ddng Duang; Tran Khinh Ngpc v i nhdm nghifin cihi (2015), Myc lieu, chudn ket qud kkung npi dung, djnh hudng kinh thtic Id chiic dgy hoc vd ddnh gid kit qud hgc lgp chuong trinh cdc mdn hpc KHTN g trudng phd thong Bfio cio tdng kdt nhiem vu Khoa hpc - Cdng nghfi cip Bp GD&DT ma sd B2014 - 17 OINV Trudng DHSP H i N^i; Do Huong Tri, Ngkien cuu dgy hgc tich hgp lien mdn: nhiing yeu cau dgt vifc xdy dipig lua chgn npi dung vd td ckuc dgy hgc, Tgp chi Khoa hpc, Dgi hpc Qudc gia H i Ndi (Nghifin dm giao dye), sd 31 (1)4/2015 Improving teaching capacity in the subject of natural sciences For secondary school teachers Hoang Thi Chien Abstract Recieved: 22/03/2018 Accepted: 12/6/2018 Keywords: Teacher training, natural sciences, capacity development, natural exploration environmental protection The field of natural science education has many advantages in establishing and developmg students' abilities such as: confidence, honesty; the ability to research and explore the natural world through observation and experimentation; the ability to use scientific knowledge to solve problems in life, capaci^ to deal with nabire m accordance with the requirements of sustainable development of society and the environment This article examines improving teacher's ability to explore the natural world tiuough the organization of exploration and envuonmcntal protection activities that meet the requirements of teaching natural science subjects ... 107-112 Ddi vdi cap THCS, ning lire khoa hpc cd flie gdra ba hpp phin: - Xic dinh van dd khoa hoc - Giii thich hifin tupng mdt cich khoa hoc - Stt dung bing chfing khoa hpc Cic chi sd hinh vi cfia... thuc vfit frong thi nghiem tupng trung cho cfic loii thuc vfit nudc hofic thuc vit ttong vfing dim liy nhu beo tiy, lau, lich, cd; cdn nudc di pha rafiu tupng trung cho nudc d nhiem khu vpc Ngiy... gittp tri sp can bing cac hfi sinh tilii v i eung d p cho ngudi nhiing tai nguyfin hihi ich b Ve tinh cau true: Nhin thttc dupc hpc tgp khoa hpc thudng sfi dung cic md hinh vit ly, md hinh cac