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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOT 10 1817 3/2354 1075,2016 0011 Educational Sci , 2016, Vol 61, No I, pp 93 102 This paper is available online at hiip //stdb,hnue edu vn VAI TRO CUA HINH ANH TRONG DAY HO[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2016, Vol 61, No I, pp 93-102 This paper is available online at hiip://stdb,hnue.edu.vn DOT 10.1817.3/2354-1075,2016-0011 VAI TRO CUA HINH ANH TRONG DAY HOC TlfeNG VIET NHU MOT NGON NGU THtr HAI CHO TRE EM T H I KI TlilN DOC VIET VA TIEU HOC Nguyen Tbj Ngan Hoa Phong Khoa hoc - Cdng nghe, Trudng Dai hgc Supham Hd Ndi Tom tat Bai viet d l cap den vai trd ciia hinh iinh day hoc tieng Vict nhtf mdi ngdn ngff thff hai cho tre em ihdi ky lien doc viel va ticu hgc: nhffng cd ,sd khoa hoc cua viec sff dung hinh anh viec day hoc ngon ngtf each thffc van dung hinh anh mot each hieu qua de phat tnen cac kT nang nghe ndi, dgc viet d nhieu cap dti khiic Tikhda: hinh anh, tiing Viel nen doc viet va ticu hoc Mol dau Trong qua trinh day hgc tiing ndi chung va day tieng nhtf mdt ngdn ngfl thfl hai, hinh anh la mgt he thong tin hieu khdng the thieu Viee sff dung mgt each khoa hoc he thting tfn hieu hinh anhcd tac dung hd trd dac Itfe cho viec ihu dac ngdn ngff cfla ire Bdi Ie, lin hieu ngtin ngff mang tfnh quy tfdc, tfnh vd doan, tinh irflu itfdng, tdn tat iin hieu hinh dnh thi mang tfnh trtfe quan, cu the, tfnh cd li He thdng tfn hieu hinh anh se giflp khac phuc nhflng trd ngai "hang rao ngon ngfl", till kiem thbi gian, tranh dtfde nhffng bat ldi cua viec sff dung ngdn ngfl trung gian Uong qua trinh day hpc tieng, tlay nhanh dtfde viec tiep nhan vdn tfl va cdc kT nang ttf cua tre song song vdi viec phat trien kT nang ngdn ngtf Trong eae tai lieu day hgc tieng nhu mdt ngdn ngff thff hai, cd the sfl dung nhieu loai san pham hinh dnh hd trd Khi cae san pham kT thuat sd ehfla phat trien nhu diu the ki XXI, Andrew Wright [ 1,2] da dac biet chu y den vai trd cua hinh anh cac san pham day hgc Trong cac tai lieu 1000 Pictures for Teachers to Copy (1984) va Pictures for Language Learning (1989) tac gia da ehi nam Ii cua viee cin thiet phai sfl dung hinh anh viee day hoe, dae biet la day ulng: sfl dung hinh anh de chuan bj, sfl dung hinh anh de id chffc, sff dung hinh anh mang lai sff thfl vj, sff dung hinh dnh gmp td chffc cdc hoat dgng day bgc cd y nghTa va dang tin eay va cudi cflng la viec sff dung blnh anh thUc stf cd hieu qua ddi vdi viec day va hgc Nhflng kit qua nghien cflu mdi nhat cua Pred Rogers [3] va nhflng ngtfdi chju anh hffdng cua ong da phan dnh ihbi tlai kT thuat sd luon ihay ddi va cung cip htfdng dan cho giao vien mam non ve viec sfl dung edng nghe va tflting tac vdi tre bang phtfdng tien truyen thong nham Kii tfu hda cd hgi cho stf pbat trien nhan thflc, xahdi, linh earn, the chat, va ngdn ngff cua tre nhd Jennie Tran [8] da dl cap din nang lflc thu dae lilng Viet efla tre em Viet Nam nhfl mgt ngdn ngfl thff hai (trong cdng ddng ngffbi Viet d ntfdc ngtiai) Nhflng danh gia cua tac gia vl vin de tilp nhan, sff dung ngdn ngff cfla tre cgng ddng song ngff, da ngtf cung la nhflng ed sd Ngaynhanbai 10/11/2015 Ngiiy nhan dang 10/2/2016 Lien he: Nguyen Thi Ngan Hoa e-mail ngjnhna94@yaiioo com Nguyin Thj Ngan Ho; de Iim hieu phfldng phdp day hoc lieng Viet nhtf mgt ngdn ngff thff hai chti lit- em giai doan tien dgc Viet va lieu hoc Nguyin Nggt Tiiin [10] da he thting hoa cac phtfdng phap, bien phiip vii ciith Ihffc h6 tro viec day hgc tiing Viet nhtf ngdn ngff thff hai ehd hoc sinh Viel Nam lai ntftic ngoiii, ngtfdi nitdc ngoai hge tieng Viet Tiii lieu cung md rgng them ngudn ttf lieu vii ciic quan diem vl van de day va hdc tieng Viel trting mdi liUbng song ngff, da ngfl Q Viet Nam, Irong eac cong trinh nghien cffu vaffngdung xay dttng ciit san pham day lilng Viet cho tre mim non tfl - tudi tae gta Dmh Hting Thai [9] Iudn quan uim den mdi quan he giita ngon ngfl vii hinh iinh (tranh anh, cac san pham cdng nghe thdng tin) nliam ming cao hieu qua cua qud ti'lnb ren luyen nang Itfc ngdn ngff, nang Itfe ttf cho ire Tae gia Dmh Tbanh Tuyin [11] nghien effu vl vin dl phai tnen ngdn ngff tua tre da nhin manh bien phap sff dung vat Irung gian qua trinh ttfdng tac gifla me va be Vat trung gian cd the la sfl vat hien ttfdng cd that mdi trtfdng xung quanh ngff canh sdng ciia ire hoac cd the la nhflng bd ifl lieu hinh anh saeh bao, video co tinh thSi mmh hoa vdi tiic dung mci rgng hdn nffa ngff eanh sdng thtfc te cua tre, giflp tre ed the vtfdn tdi ca nhflng mdi irtftlng phin nao cdn xa la nhtf len rffng xudng bien Nhffng kit qua nghien effu ve vin de niiy cho ihay can thiet phiii cd mol dmh htfdng mang tinh eu the viec sff dung hinh anh vao viec phat trien eae nang ltfc ngdn ngtf tho tre Bai viei gdp phin lam rd hdn nhflng van de cd sd kboa hgc va viec ffng dung hmh iinh vao hd trti cac kT nang ngdn ngff cho tie giai doan lien doc vilt va lieu hoc mdi trtfting da ngff, song ngii, Hinh anh vdi vai trd khae phue "rao can ngdn ngff'" (barrier language) tan tttfdc tim hieu de van dung hieu qua nhat viec phat trien cae ki nang ngdn ngfl cho Ite, diic biel lii giai doan lien doc vilt va Ueu hoc Noi dung nghien cu'u 2.1 Cd sd khoa hoc cua viec stf dung hinh anh day hoc tieng cho tre Viec day tieng cho tre em d lffa mdi lien dgc viet va lieu hgc (Iff 5-10 ludi) vdi u'nh thai la tieng me de hay mdt ngdn ngff thfl hai (dugc day song song vdi tieng me tie) deu tiin phai chu y den nhffng dac die'm tam li, trf tue cua tre giai doan nay, dac biel lii Ihtli kl dau Tuy nhien, dilu quan trgng nhit cfla viec day tieng nhtf mol ngdn ngff ihff hai eho lie Iii viin de "rao can ngon ngfl" Viec sff dung hinh anh Irong san pham day tieng se giup cho ca nguiii day va ngtfdi hoc nhanh ehdng khac phiic dtfde rao can niiy Can phai dtfa tren nang ltfc ngdn ngff, dac diem tarn li, Iri tue eua tre d lffa tudi de van dung he thdng hinh anh mot cdch kht)a hoc vii hieu qua irong viee day tiing Viet nhtf mgt ngdn ngff thff hai cho tre em dan tdc thieu sd, ire cm Viel kieu 2.1.1 Nang luc ngon ngu cua tre giai doan tien dgc - viet ( - tudi) Marie Clay (New Zealand, 1996) da stf dung thuat ngff "kha niing licn dtic - viel" de mo ta cdc hanh vi cfla ire nhd ehflng sff dung sach va cdc tai lieu dgc - viei tie biit chtfde cac hoat ddng dgc va vilt mac du Ire khdng the doc va viet theo ede each thong thtfdng (7, it 169) 'Tiln dgc vilt khdng phai la mtit sd cac kT nang bi ed lap mii la mgt tap htlp cat kT nang tua quy Uinti phdt trien ma tre coi dd nhtf la mot phtfting tien de dut dtfde muc lieu dtic - viet" [169] Kha nang tien dgc - vilt cfla Ire phat trien d tudi len va stf edng viec thu diic ngdn ngff ciia ire vao giai doan lieu hge khong ehi phu thugc vao vee day hgc tiing d tieu hot ma tdn phu ihuoc vao nhflng kinh nghiem cua Ire d giai doan tien dgc - vilt: kinh nghiem lam viec vdi siith vd, hiing thu vdi tiic chfl va each nhan bill mdi quan he giffa am va chfl, ciith sfl tlung city biit vdi cac hinh ve, ton chfl vv Khd nang uln doc - vilt eua tre phat trien manh tiong giai doan - tuoi 94 " ^ Vai trd ciia hinh dnh tnmg day hoc Tieng Viet nhu mdi ngdn ngU thd hui cho ire em va la tien de de tre cd the chu dgng hoc lieng me de cung nhtf eae thtf tieng khat dtfde dtfa viio chtfdng trinb tieu hoc nhtf mdt ngdn ngff Ihff hai vdi day du ki nang- nghe, ndi, doc, vilt Nhffng < dau hieu dac trtfng cua kha nang lien doe - viel giai doan la: ij^a) Tre hffng thu va tap trung chu y vao eac bieu Iffdng chff eai va cac blnh anh mmh hoa b) Tre cd kha nang chfl y phat am theo cae hinh anh minh htia va bieu ttfdng chtf cai 5^ c) Tre dac biet hffng thfl vdi tranh anh va cd kha nang ttfdng ttfdng de ke chuyen theo cdc ^ tranh anh tre ttf ve hoac tranh anh minh hoa sin cd a,^ d) Tre hffng thu va cd khd nang tap to, ve, cat diin tat thfl tbeo mau va blnh ve minh hoa Nhffng diu hieu tren diu cho thay: blnh dnh minh boa cd vai trd tlac biel quan ddi vdi ^^ viec cung cap tri thflc va phal trien kha nang ngdn ngfl tua tre giai doan tiln doc - vilt "ti 2.1.2 Dac diem tam If, tri tue cua tre th&i ki tieu hoc (6 - tudi) i«ti *ll ^^ ^^" ndng tuduy bdng lin hieu Kha nang ttf biing ifn hieu cua tre giai doiin trd nen manh hdn, cflng vdi stf phat trien cua nang Itft phan lfch va it'^lng hdp Day lii diic die'm quan trting tiong stf pbat trien y thffc L eua tre, giflp Ire cd the nban dien cac tfn hieu ngdn ngff mtit each itf gidt hdn Tie cd the phdi htlp j , nhieu giac quan Irong stf nhan biet tfn hieu Kba nang cung giup Ire cd the kit ndi cac he Ihdng tin hieu: tfn hieu am ihanh va tin hieu hinh anh de nhan bill stf vat tren nhffng net long the sau dd iKn eac chi tiet: "Nhffng hinh anh tron ven lai dtfde xac djnh tren cd sd khai quat nhffng hieu biet ve tfnh chat va tiac trUng rieng biet ciia ddi ttfdng da tilp nhan dtfde dtfdi dang nhffng cam giac khac nhau" [63] Stf phdl hdp giffa he thdng tin hieu blnh anh mang tfnh trtfc quan va he thong Ifn '^ hieu ngon ngfl mang ti'nh quy tfdc trting cac tai lieu day hoc tieng me de va lai lieu day ngoai ngfl, tiay ngdn ngfl thff hai cho ire la yeu cau tat yeu de phat trie'n loan dien nang ttfc ttf bang tfn hieu cua tre, md rgng vdn hieu bill cho tre Thi gidi cam gide, tri giac cua tre se trd nen phong phfl va sinh ddng hdn rit nhieu thdng qua stf phdi htlp cae he thdng tin hieu „^ b) Khd ndng ghi nhd Kha nang ghi nhd cua tie rit quan trgng ddi vdi viec hgc mdt ngdn ngfl thfl hai O glai doan ' "*• diu cua thdi kl tieu hgc, kha nang ghi nhd trtfe quan hinh Itfdng ehiem tfu the htln khd nang ghi aa" nhd tfl ngfl - logic Cu the, gial doan ldp 1,2 ghi nhd may mtic phdt trien lUOng ddi lot vii ehiem flu _'~ the hdn so vdi ghi nhd cd y nghia Nhilu hgc sinh chtfa bill id chtfc viec ghi nhd ed y nghTa, thtfa iV bilt dffa vao cac diem tua de ghi nhd, chua bilt tdch khai qudt hda hay xay dtfng dim bai de ghi If i« nhd tai lieu Giai doan ldp 4,5 ghi nhd cd y nghTa va ghi nhd tfl ngfl dfldc lang ctfdng Ghi nhd cd ftfeE chu dinh da phat trien Tuy nhien hieu qua efla viec ghi nhd co chu dinh tdn phu thudc vad nhilu G*! yen to nhtf mffc tich cue tap trung tri tue cua cae em, sflc hip din tua ndi dung tai lieu, yeu id VcB tam ll tinb cam hay hffng thfl cua cdc em Van dung dieu day va htic, eae nha gido due phai giup cac em biet each khai qudt hda va ddn giiin mgi van dl, giflp cac em xac dinh dau la ndi dung quan trgng cin ghi nhd, tae lfl ngfl dung de diln dat noi dung cin ghi nhd phdi ddn gian dl ,i^ hieu, dl nam bit, de thudc va dac biet phat hinh d eac em tam If hflng thu va vui ve ghi ^ j nhd kien thffc Dilu the hien mfle dd ndi dung, cac trinh bay va ca hinh anh trtfc quan [ a cua bo san pham day lilng De tan dung kha niing tri giac trtfc quan cfla cat em, can sff dung Iranh * - anh viec day Iff, video vdi hinh va lilng viee day giao tiep ddn gian, cae tlnh hudng sfl IL J dung ngon tfl thtfc te L^ c) Ddc didm tri nhdn ciia tre lira tudi tidu hgc iji^ Khoiing tff tudi Ire bat diu Ihay doi each nhin vl the gidi Chiing din iff bd ldi nghT tiJ eoi iiJt minh la trung lam va bat diu phat trien each nhan thfft trfldng Ihanh hdn Mdt dfla tre hgc xong A:f' tieu hgc thdng thtfdng cd the bietf hien nhffng khai niem trflu ttfdng ddn gian, va ed the dgc, vilt Nguyen Thj Ngiin Hoa eau KT nang ddi hdi dffa tre phai bill thu thap Ihdng lin iff tndl viii ngudn, danh gia chung, va tien tdi mot each dien giai lai thdng tin Nhflng kha nfmg niiy sc ticp tuc phat tnen irong 4-5 nam nfla, Ire thtfc stf tang kha nang lam cac viec phffc tap, lien luc vii mang ifnh kf hieu, vi nhtf viee dien giai Iai mdt doan van hay tdm tat lai mtit eau chuyen 2.2 Sur dting hinh anh phat trien nang ltfc ngon ngtf cho tre 2.2.1 Phat trien kha nang tien dgc - viet cho tre qua viec stf dung hinh anh Viet day ulng nhtf mdt ngdn ngfl thff nhit hay ngtin ngff thff hai (song stmg vdi tieng me de - ngdn ngfl thfl nhit efla tre giai doan niiy khdng the bo quii nhffng due diem ndi tren cua thdi kl tiln dtic - vilt Bdi le qud trinh thu diic ngdn ngff thfl hai cua ire cung phui htfdng tdi day dfl kTnang: nghe, ndi, dgc, viet mdt each Iff giac Trong giai tlnaii niiy viec liep nhan tac tin hieu am ngtin ngff vii tac ki hieu (chff cdi) von mang tfnh quy tft'lc, irtfii itfdng ciin cd stf hn lril cua cdc hinh dnh cu the, trtfe quan giup cho tre ITnh hdi nhanh lufn \a chinb \iic htin cac lin hieu kf hieu ngdn tff tidng thbi gian vii khdng gian Vdi stf hd lui cua be ihdng lin hieu hinh anh cdc bieu Itftlng am ngdn ngfl (mang linh Irffu ttfting) va hinli anii stf vai hien itftlng (mang tfnh trtfc quan) gan ket vdi de nhanh chdng binh Ihiinh kl niing vii ii i thtfc ngdn ngfl cho Ire phat am dflng, hieu nghTa cua iff, nhiin biel chfl cai, sff dung ciit uuiu ltd ndi don gian, btftic dau nhan bill mdi quan he giffa am va chff, nhan biet trat ttf tuyen tfnh ciia chtf viet khdng gian Stf thfch thu vdi he thdng tin hieu hinb anh se khiln eho qua ninh phut men kha nang tien docViet cua tre trd nen ehu dting, ttf giiic, tranh dtfde nhflng ciing lining liini If cho lit: ttong qua trinh budc dau thu dae ngdn ngfl thfl hai song song vdi tieng me de Dtfa viio tiiic diem liim If, tt \ tue vii cae dang hoai dgng cfla tre giai doan - ludi, td the van dung tiic ht ihdng hinh anii unh (uanh anh, md hinh) va hinh anh dgng (eae doan video clip, cac hinh anh dd hoa kf ihuiil sd, cac chtfdng trinh Iruyen thdng da phtfdng tien (mulimedia) de Ihuc day viet phat ti ien ki nang ngdn ngtf cho tre d nhieu cap dd: a) Lam quen vdi dm vd chu: Tre btftic diu lam quen vdi cac clui LIU, tiau lhanli kel hup vtii hinh anh minh hoa sinh ddng, thu vi, tap phat am vii nhan dien iim - clui b) Md rpng von lit: Btfdc dau cung eip vdn tff qua cdc hinh anh mmh hoa quen Ihutic va lich ctfe hda vdn tfl cho tre Md rdng ve sd Itfdng va chat lifting cfla vdn lfl ihen cac thu de thich hdp' gia tilnh, thien nhien (ton viit, tay tdi, hien ttfting thien nhien l, sinli houl, vm thiii, thdi gian, mau sac, dd dflng hgc tap vv c) Ngtf phdp: Tich hdp ndi dung ngfl phap mot each nlic iiliiing qua cat lioal tiinh vil lui chdi ngdn ngfl cd sfl dung hinh anh hd trg gulp tre nhan bill each ndi dung, Mli tk lg m iu ciiu diing vdi tlnh huong giao liep d) S6 vd cdc phe'p tinh dan gidn: Thdng qua cac blnh anh vii am ihanl h SI lh dt" ng, giiip Ire thich thu vil de dang nhd cat so va cd y niem ve tac phep Ifnh tidn giati (ictin , 11 ff so Siinh sti Itftlng) giai doan lien doc - viet e} Dgng ldi ndi + Dang ddc thoai: Thdng qua iranh va cac tlnh hudng tie guip ire pluil intn ldi ndi d dang doe thtiai (ke, ta, giai thfeh ) mgt each ehu ddng, sang tao, hffng llui, vtfdl qua nhflng riio ciin lam If, ngdn ngfl -I- Dang ddi thoai: Tfch hop phat trie'n kha nang giao tilp hdi ihoai ciia ire iheo itfng lffa ludi Qua cac tlnh hudng giao tilp dtfde dtfa vad DVD, file hinli unh, bin giang dien ltf, gnip tre ehfl dgng phat trien kT nang quan sat, nhan biet llnh hudng, tfl dd cd kha niing itft'lng ttfdng, htic htii dl' sfl dung Ibi ndi Irong hdi ihoai qua cdc trd chdi: ddng vai, ddng kitb, then lai hoai tiinh irong bai hgc Vai ird ciia hinh dnh tnmg day hpc Tiing Viet nhu mdt ngdn ngd ihu hai cho ire e Viec sff dung hinh anh hdp li se kfch thfeh hflng thu cfla Ire ddi vdi cac trd chdi ngon ngfl Nhiing trd chdi trtfe quan nhtf trd chdi bang la each If itfdng de phat tnen kT nang tri nhan cua tre, vi du nhtf cac trd chdi trf nhd: tfch d, cb ca-rd, trd ghep hinh, Bg san pham day tieng cho tre, dd, can tan dung nguyen tac "hgc ma chdi, chdi ma hoc" de mgt mat khuyin khich stf tap Irung cua ue mat khac thda man tn' tfa khdm pha d lffa tudi Cdc tro chdi nen sfl dung hinh anh trflc quan, tTnh (binh anh) va dgng (bang video) Viec day tieng Viet cho Ire Irong giai doan ein ehu y triet de trffc quan hda eac khai niem trim ttfdng, 2.2.2 Hinh anh va viec phat trien kT nang ngon ngu cua hoc sinh tieu hoc CJ phan chung tdi phan tfeh mgt sd van de ve mdi quan he giffa hinh anh va viec phat trien cac kT nang ndi viet, nghe, dtie a) Vai trd ctia hinh dnh viec phdt trie'n ki ndng ndi vd viet - Cae vai trd ehfnh cfla hinh anh trdng viec phat tnen kT nang ndi va vilt: -t- JTinh anh khuyen khfch ngtfbi hge, lam cho ngtfbi hge mudn tap trung chu y va mudn nhap cuge vao boat dgng thtfc himh tieng + Hinh anb gdp phan tao ngfl canh sfl dung efla ngdn ngfl, chung "mang the gidi vao Idp hgc" (Andrew Wright) + Hinh anh gdi nhieu kha nang dien dat Ching ban vdi bflc tranh, anh hoae mdt video clip ed hinh anh tau, ta cd the djnh htfdng cac kha nang dien dat phong phfl: Khang dinh: "Day la mgt tau"; Phdng doan "Day cd Ie la mdt tau chd hang"; Bde 16 y dinh, sd Ihich ehu quan: 'Toi thfeh di du licb bang tau"; Mieu ta: "Con tau cdn mdi/da cu" -I- Hinh anh cd the gdi y cau tra Ibi cho cac cau hdi hoac stf thay the cho eac cau mieu ta tinh hudng: "Con tau the nao?", "No rit Idn/hien dai/dep/lien nghi/ldc dg/eu nat/lae hau "; "Con tau dang d dau?", "No tJang cang/dau tren bien/ Irong vinh" -t FTinh dnh cd the gdi y hoac cung cap eac chu de cho cugc hdi thoai, cude thao Iuan hay viee ke ehuyen - Cac dang noi, viet md va cd kiem soat: + Cac tai lieu day hoe tiing theo phtfdng phap truyin ihdng ihtfdng dtfde xay dtfng theo htfdng: ngffdi bgc se dat kit qua cao nhit cdc bai tap viet, ndi dtfde hffdng din va kiem soat chat che Thffc te eua viec day hgc tieng Iai cho Ihay, viec phat trien Ibi ndi eua ngtfbi hoe ddi hdi each tiep can gianh quyen chu dgng hdn cho ngtfdi hge: hgc sinh ein dtfgc ttf hdn ndi dung hgc va each hgc, de sfl dung ngdn ngfl mdi mot each "md" hdn -I- Cach tiep can "md" vdi kT nang ndi va viet nham l6i nhflng hgi thoai, sif giai thfeh hay quan diem ca nhan, dd ngflbi giao vien hay gido trinh khong kiem soat ngdn ngfl ndi/viel efla ngtfbi hgc Tren thtfc tl thi each tiep can bien hdn ca la ket hdp gifla "md" va "kiem soat", tffc la dang bai tap cd djnh htfdng, nhffng dinh htfdng ttfdng ddi long leo hoae cbung chung, tiiinh "dat" cho stf ttf Itfa chon va sfl dung ngdn tfl cua ngflbi hoc - Mdt sd each sff dung tranh anh nham phat trie'n kha nang ndi viet: + Thtfc hanh may mdc va thffc hanh dinh htfdng giao tilp Vl du: Vdi bflc tranh tren, each tiep can iruyen thdng, thtfc hanh mdy mde ed the dtfa dang bai tap: 97 Nguyen Thi Ngan Hoa - Hdi: Bgn iiy dang ldm gi? - Tra Idi: Ban dy dang nhdy - Hdi' Bgn dy dang treo cdy phdi khdng ? - Tra Ibi: Khdng, hgn dy dang nhdy Tuy nhien, each thtfc hiinh htfdng vao giao tilp ddi hdi ban xff If bffc tranh mgt each tinh te hdn vi du nhff ehe di pban dtfdi cua bffc tranh, hdi vii 16 dan phan cdn Iai cua bflc tranh i * ^ ;2: L Hdi thoai se cd the nhfl sau: - Hdi (che di phan dtfdi cua bflc tranh): Cd dy dang ldm gi' - Hge sinh A tra ldi: Cd dy dang di - Hdi: Cd phdi cd dy dang di khdng ? - Hgc sinh B trd ldi: Khdng, khdng phdi Co dy dang chgy - Hdl (de Ig din phan dtfdi cfla bffc tranh): Cd pheu cd dy dang chgy khdng? - Hge sinh C tra Ibi: Ddu cd, cd dy dang nhdy + Giao liep va thach thflc Theo nguyen tac hudng den giao tilp, viec sff dung tranh can phai khuyen khich, hay ndi each khac la thach thffc ngtfbi hoc nhap cugc va the hien chfnh hg Cae thach thffc cd the rit da dang, Ifly Iheo yeu ciu tffng bai tap vii tffng loai Iranh anh Mdt sd loai thach thffc thtfdng thay la: Thach thffc mieu td, thdch Ihflc nhan dang, thach thfle Irong viec ndi, thach thfle viee ghep nhdm, thach thffc viec theo thff ttf, thach thffc viec ghi nhd Ltfu y ddi vdi ddi ttfdng Iii tre em tff den 10 tudi, mgi dang bai tap tren diu cd the sfl dung, nhtfng d mffc kiln thflc can ban va khd vfla phai Vl du, thffc hanh mau "nlu - thi" the hien quan he nhan qua: Chuan bj hai tranh nhtf hinh ben, yeu ciu hgc sinh ndi Iranh mieu ta nhan vat X -I- Giao tiep va cd hgi Viec dp diing tranh anh eat bin tap viet ndi md cung tao cho ngtfbi hgc cdc cd hgi Dd la cd hdi biiy td quan diem, cd hgi bay td trai nghiem va cam giae, cd hdi bay id va bao ve quan diem, cd bdi de phe phan, Vf du, vin bai tap ndi tranh ben, eau hdi tiep theo cho ngUbi hgc la: Giai ihi'ch moi quan he gifla hai bflc tranh Vai Ird cUa hinh dnh irong day hpc Tieng Viet nhu mpl ngc'm ngir did hai cho tre em D a p an cd the la: Niu anh X dn nhieu dd nggt th'i anh dy se trd nen beo phi Hay bay td quan diem cd nhan cua em ve hai bflc tranh Dap an cd the lii' - Em khdng thich dn nggt - Beo phi Id khdng tdt Vi the em se khong dn nhiiu keo - Neu beo phi thi em se khdng chgy nhanh - Neu dn nhieu kea thi cd thdbi sdu rdng nda Tham chf, dang thfle eua bai tap ndi, viet md cd the da dang hdn, Ioi keo eac kT nang khac cua ngUdi hgc nhu kT nang ve, IUdng tUdng va sang tad Vi du: Cho bffc tranh ben phai chd mdi hoc sinh, de mdi hgc sinh ttf ve, trang Irf cho nhan vat cua minh va mieu ta Iai, bffc tranh ben Irai dtfde dtfa nhtf mdt vi du gdi y Nhff vay, pham vi gidi ban cho viee luyen tap ndi va vilt nhflng dang bai tap rit rdng, ngtfbi hge dtfdt khuyin khieh tham gia, the hien dau in ta nhan cfla minh va bien eae edng Ihffc ngff phap khd cffng hgc thugc long nhffng cau ndi sinh ddng, phan dnh dung sffc sdng eua ngdn ngff dbi thtfc a) Vai trd cua hinh anh viee pbat trien ki nang nghe va doc Neu nhtf vdi kT nang ndi va viet, stf quan cua viec sff dung hinh anh nham tdi kich thich ngtfdi hgc nhap cudc va sang tao thi de phdt tnen kT nang nghe va dgc tranh anh ed the dtfde sff dung vi hai Ii chinh: thfl nhat, nghTa cua mdt tff phu thuoc rat Idn va ngfl canh ma tfl dd dtfde sff dung, va hinh anh, vdi tae dung tao bdi canh, cd vai trd quan irong viec thiet lap y nghla; thfl hai, viec tra Ibi hay phan flng lai vdi mgt doan ngon ngfl bang mgt tfn hieu phi ngdn ngfl Ihtfdng cung cd fch day hgc tieng, tranh anh ehfnh la mtit loai tfn hieu phi ngdn ngfl phuc vu eho mue dich - Hinh anh vdi viec day nghia cua tff: Cd the ndi hinh anh giflp mang the gidi ben ngoai vao Idp hgc Viee dffa bgc sinh di tham quan, da ngoai ddi hdi nhieu dieu kien khd khan va nhieu trtfbng hdp la khdng the: chang ban dffa hgc sinh di len nggn nui Phu ST, vao rffng ram Amazon hay tdi Luc dia bang Nam Ctfe, nhtfng nhflng bffc dnh hoae eae doan video ve ehflng se dem lai cho ngffdi hoc sff hinh dung gan nhtf If ttfdng ve the gidi ben ngoai Viec dung blnh anh de day nghTa cua tff ed the di tff dang ddn gian den phffc tap Tuy nhien, dieu quan trgng nhat la viee sff dung hinh anh giflp ngffbi hoc hieu nghTa tfl mdi each trflc tilp, ddng thbi lai gdi sU lien tffdng din nhilu tff ngff khdc cd lien quan den sff vat, hien tffdng, hanh dgng dffdc bieu dat bang blnh anh Chang han, vdi mgt video clip mieu ta mdt trd chdi dan gian nhu trd chdi ctfdp cb, co the giup hoe sinh nhan dien nghTa cua cdc tff bieu thj stf vat, hanh ddng, tfnh chat mdt each de dang hdn nhieu so vdi viec cbi dung tin hieu ngon ngff Ihdng Ihffbng (dang ndi hoac viet) Vl du: Vdi cdc bffc Iranh sau cd the dtfa cac dang bai tap phat tnen vdn tff va tfeh ctfe hoa vdn tfl cho hgc sinh mgt each nhanh chong, trdnh dtfde mgi stf giai thich rtfbm ra, phffc tap Nguyen Thi Ngan Hoa a) Bai tap Ira tfl tfl dien va viet vao tranh; b) Noi n a n h vdi iff da cd, c) Nhin tranh, nghe Iff va viel Iff viio Iranh, - Hmh anh vdi viec nghe - hieu va dgc - hieu nghTa cua cfai, doan: Ciic bfft iranh hoac cac video clip tao bdi eanh va bieu dat dtfde eae stf tlnh mtil each litft liijp nen tie dimg giup ngtftli nghe, ngtfdi dgc nhan dien nghla cua cac cau, eac doan V i d u : Cflng vdi eae bffc tranh d tren, ed the neu cae yeu ciiu bin uip nglie - hicu, doc -hieu nhff sau: "• Chgn tranh phfl hdp vdi eae eau sau (nghe/doc): + M e o Tdm dang vo/duoi/bal Jerry •I- M e dang theu/khau -1- Ba nho/bo ma + An rau tdt eho sffc khoe -I- Nhffng chu bd dang gam cd -f Me yeu be -I- B e dm bd Vui trd tua hinh dnh irong dgy hpc Tieng Viii nhu mfu ngdn ngit ihii hai tho ire em + Vd de bii ea * Phflc tap htln ed the sff dung cac bffc tranh htiac video de trd giup ngtfbi dgc/nghe hieu nhflng doan hgi thoai hoac doan van, eau chuyen ddn gian Vi du: Chgn tranh phu hdp vdi cac hdi Ihoai sau: a) - Lam mgt eai keo nhe? - Keo gi the'> - S6-ed-la rat ngon Thffdi! - Khdng, thfl thtfc la id ghet dd ngot lim Vdi lai, td qud beo rdi b) - Thfl mgt cai keo khdng? - Sd-ed-Ia ha? Tuyel qua! - Khdng, keo sfla bac day Nhtfng cflng ngon! - Sao Iai kbdng nhi? Td la fan cua dd nggt ma! Ket Iuan Viec sff dung hinh anh nhtf mot he thdng tin hieu hd trd cdt bai hot tieng nhtf mot ngdn ngff thff hai cho tre can chfl y din nhflng dae diem lam If, lfla tudi, dac trtfng van hoa Hinh anh ed the la mot he thdng tfn hieu hd trd lat cd cdc kl nang: nghe, ndi, dgc, viel va hoan chinh cdc kiln Ihflc ve ngdn ngff cua tre mdt each ddn gian, hieu qua hdn so vdi viee sff diing ngdn ngfl trung gian, ke ca sff dung tieng me de Cin Ihiet phai cd nhffng nghien cffu day dfl hdn ve quy trinh xay dtfng eae san pham hinh anh hd trd day hgc tieng Viet nhtf mgt ngdn ngff Ihff hat cho tie em dan tde thieu sd, tre em Viet kilu - nhflng ddi itfgng sdng va hge tap mdi trtfdng da ngfl, song ngfl TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Andrew Wright 1984 I{X)0 Pictures for Teachers lo Copy Addistin-Wesley, 01/11, 128 pages [2] Andrew Wright, 1989 Pictures for Language Learning Cambridge University Press, Nov 16, 218 pages [3] Fred Rogers, 2012 Center for Early Learning and Children's Media A Statement on the Development of a Framework for Quality Digital Media for Young Children Latrobe, PA: Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children's Media at Saint Vincent College, (forthcoming) www.excelined.org/Docs/ [4] Ismail Cakir, 2006 The use oj video as an audio visual material in foreign language teaching classroom The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, Vol, 5, Iss 4, article 101 Nguyen Thi Ngiin Hoa [5] Nguyen Thi Ngan Hoa, 2012 Su dung lunh anh nong sdn phdm dav tiing Viel nhu mdt ngon ngif thif hai cho tre em tif - ll> ludi Dc lai Khoa hoc - Cdng nghe cap Trtfdng (Dai hoc Su [6] Nguyen Thi Ngan Hoa, 2013 ViO ira i ua cdng < u media irang hd uin phdm day ning Via [7] Nguyen Van Khang, 2014 Giaa cha ngdn ngim Vic'i Nam heh ccinh icic'm cdu hod htIp;//ww.Ign.edu.vn.bai-vietyc(i66/iK7/-gian-tiuc-ngnn-ngu-o-viel-nain-U()ng-boi-cunh-toan [8] ]er\mcTran, pham Hil Ndi) nhu mpl ngdn ngii thif hai cha uc lu - 10 iiioi Tap chi Ngtin ngff vii did sting, ,sd (211) -cau-hoa 20\] The Acquisinon of Viclmuncsc ClavMJwiw Luim an Tien sT Ngiin ngijhoc, Havard, American [9] Dinh Hdng Thai, 2010 Gidv mnh -f'hdi incn ngdn ngir nidi nuim nem' Nxb Dai ht)c Sir pham H a N o i [10] Nguyin Nggc'Hian, 2012 Phuang phdp dar nini; Vicmhu nwl ngc'm ngu ihic but Victoria University, Melbourne, Austialia [11] Dinh Thanh Tffyin, 2013 Phai men ngdn ngd d nc 9-1H ihdng ludi ihdng c/ua lUcing uicmmi tinh Luan an tien sT Khoa hgL Giao due, Tiitdng Dai hoc Stf pliam Ha Ndi ABSTRACT T h e rolf of images in teaching V i e t n a m e s e a s a s e c o n d l a n g u a g e to pre-Iiternlc a n d e l e m e n t a r y students The purpose of this paper is lo present ihe role of images in teaching Vietnamese as a second language to pre-Iiteratr and elementary school students The paper will review the scientific basis o f t h e use of images in language leaching, and htiw to manipulate images to develop skills in listening, speaking, reading and wniiiig on many difrcrenl levels Keywords: Images, Vietnamese prc-lilctaLy, clemenuiry ... ben, eau hdi tiep theo cho ngUbi hgc la: Giai ihi''ch moi quan he gifla hai bflc tranh Vai Ird cUa hinh dnh irong day hpc Tieng Viet nhu mpl ngc''m ngir did hai cho tre em D a p an cd the la:... phi Hay bay td quan diem cd nhan cua em ve hai bflc tranh Dap an cd the lii'' - Em khdng thich dn nggt - Beo phi Id khdng tdt Vi the em se khong dn nhiiu keo - Neu beo phi thi em se khdng chgy nhanh... tri tue cua cae em, sflc hip din tua ndi dung tai lieu, yeu id VcB tam ll tinb cam hay hffng thfl cua cdc em Van dung dieu day va htic, eae nha gido due phai giup cac em biet each khai qudt hda